Two-Way Immersion (TWI) programs offer settings and goals that foster multilingual and multicultural communities; however, communities are complex and fluid, and have aspects that may or may not promote equitable education and learning. This research analyzes the actions and interactions of a group of first grade students to address how community develops during the first semester of implementation of a TWI program. Theoretical notions of figured worlds and communities of practice frame the analysis of ethnographic data to provide insight into the complex social and pedagogical dynamics of this setting 1) through conversations with teachers, 2) through observations of teacher-student interactions during teacher-centered activities, and 3) through observations of students interacting with less teacher presence. Findings describe the teachers’ discourses about their students, which centered on issues of equity and dismantling language status hierarchies. The findings also describe practices that the teachers themselves frame as promoting unified, equitable communities; however, analysis was mixed in finding that certain practices appeared to promote unity within the classroom and others appeared to reinforce divisions among students. Key findings also confirm the results of other researchers regarding the positioning of initially bilingual students in TWI as “dual language experts.” This study notes some ramifications of teaching practices and aspects of the specific 50-50 TWI model for the entire community of learners, which, while elevating balanced bilinguals may marginalize English learners and Spanish learners. / text

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This thesis examines the traditions of textual interaction that impact the forms of reading engaged in with fanfiction. This thesis continues by exploring how self-insertion fanfiction functions as a medium through which authors express their reading of the text primary through the emotional impact of the text through wish fulfillment, and the interaction of their cultural moment and the text. Furthermore, it argues that self-insertion fanfiction is a mode of literary critique in which the author acknowledges the effect of a mediated world on their perception of self and reality. Through this recognition of a constructed self, the author rejects the attractiveness of objective analysis, allowing them to critique the work from their subject position influenced by the text.

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Kumano bikuni (the Buddhist nuns of Kumano) are itinerant female religious performers who were particularly active between the 16th and 18th centuries in Japan. Travelling across the country, they promoted the syncretic belief of the Kumano mountains, popular pilgrimage sites that have attracted a variety of people regardless of class, gender, and religious affiliation. To raise funds for temples and shrines there, they performed etoki (literally, picture deciphering) that addressed the everyday concerns of the masses, and especially women. Conceptualizing Kumano bikuni as mediators who bridged the religious world and the masses, this thesis examines how Kumano bikuni reflected perspectives of the audience at etoki performance and responded to diverse interests of different groups. / Graduate / 0320 / 0332 / 0453 / chihiro_620@hotmail.com

This dissertation is part of the Master Degree research of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of Federal University of Santa Maria/ RS, bound into the Education and Arts line and into the Research Group Difference, Education and Culture (DEC-UFSM). The investigation, of ethnographic perspective, has as object the study the dancing group Agrupando Biriva Tropeiro de Dois Mundos , from Encantado city / RS, and it searches for evidence in the meanings of the dance for the participants of this group, in order to take it as more one culture once it generates an own universe of meanings, it produces identities and it deals ways of teaching and learning to be gaúcho. This Master Degree essay is a possible version of comprehension of the process of learning and production of meanings about the gaúcha traditionalist culture inside biriva dancing group. It enrolls as an ethnographic, a narrative text, in which there is the intention of the author‟s impressions, ways and misleading let their footprints for the reader knows the insertion and comprehension process of reality in that this research is submerged, as in the reality of the researched field as the theoretical reality and the author‟s subjectivity. / Esta dissertação é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS, vinculada à Linha Educação e Artes e ao Grupo de Pesquisa Diferença, Educação e Cultura (DEC-UFSM). A investigaçãotem como objeto de estudos o grupo de danças Agrupamento Biriva Tropeiro de Dois Mundos , da cidade de Encantado/RS, analisados a partir da perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais, utilizando de autores como Costa (2003), Hall (1997), Silva (1995), Veiga-Neto (2000). Analisaram-se narrativas presentes nas leituras do cotidiano de ensaios e apresentações públicas do grupo e nos artefatos simbólicos, os quais compõem a identificação deste grupo de danças, e problematizou-se a produção de identidades sob o viés das pedagogias culturais. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa, através de um estudo realizado com participantes do Agrupamento BirivaTropeiros de Dois Mundos. Foram utilizados a observação participante, a entrevista e o diário de campo como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Como resultado da investigação, notou-se, na análise de cunho cultural deste grupo de danças, os modos de ser entre os sujeitos deste grupo dão um tom de busca de uma maneira mais autêntica de ser gaúcho, de produzir a dança gaúcha, onde o dançarino possa expressar a sua interpretação para a dança, além do desenvolvimento de certa criticidade em relação ao consumo e à competitividade implicadas nas danças tradicionais. Nesse sentido, vê-se a importância da construção de uma aproximação da educação, nas diversas instâncias culturais, e sobre o produto cultural como o grupo de danças biriva inseridos na abordagem dos Estudos Culturais.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2323797 bytes, checksum: 3b93658d0b238fa4ae886f0038b8109c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to infer the relationship between the realm of myth with the production of rock graphics, ie, whether the production of these graphics are rituals linked to a mythic structure whatever, being able to express a sacred dimension. Through authors such as Eliade (1991, 1983, 2007, 2008 a, 2008 b), Leroi-Gourhan (2007), Levi-Strauss (1996, 2007, 2008), Insoll (2004), Martin (2005), among others we seek to build a theoretical framework that provides a support for the possibility of discussions undertaken between the expressions of relational cave rituals and actions that produced them. In this paper we seek to support this theme in the theoretical overview presented by the authors that were the basis for discussing the question of sacred and ritual in the theoretical universe of Archaeology. As the focus of the research was chosen the Cariri Region, in the west of the state of Paraíba, especially the municipality of Camalaú, where the two sites were analyzed. To reach the objectives proposed in this study, we used two sites: the site Roça Nova and Beira Rio both fit the requirements established by the work because they have elements where the representations linked to the Traditionin the northeast standout, interspersed with elements of the tradition of the Agreste. It was possible to establish hypotheses of relationship that we set out to do. Using a comparative methodology and, a qualitative, we used the typological method to make comparisons between the two sets of signs of the sites. Aggregated data were collected from the contexts of insertion sites, topography, environment and spatial relationship with the water. Thus, we could demonstrate that the rite of producing rock graphics in each of the sites seem to indicate that the mythic structures vary according to the combination of graphics, distribution and typology, forms the supports with a possible relationship with other topography and ritual sites chosen at each site, even with the similarities between the proximity of the water and the techniques which they represent. Although it is not possible to identify a mythological arrangement in these sites at this time, it is demonstrated that it deals with completely different ritual moments. This leads one to suppose that this deals with a mythical structure for each group. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo inferir a relação entre a esfera do mito com a produção dos grafismos rupestres, isto é, saber se as produções desses grafismos são rituais vinculados a uma estrutura mítica qualquer, podendo enunciar uma dimensão sagrada. Através de autores, como Eliade (1991, 1983, 2007, 2008 a, 2008 b.), Leroi-Gourhan (2007), Levi-Strauss (1996, 2007, 2008), Insoll (2004), Martin (2005), entre outros, buscamos construir um arcabouço teórico que fornecesse sustentação às discussões empreendidas dessa possibilidade relacional entre as expressões rupestres e as ações rituais que as produziram. Buscamos neste texto fundamentar essa temática na visão teórica apresentada pelos autores que foram a base para discutimos a questão do sagrado e o rito dentro do universo teórico da Arqueologia. Como lócus da pesquisa foi escolhida a região do Cariri Ocidental do Estado da Paraíba, em especial o Município de Camalaú, onde se encontram os dois sítios analisados. Para atender aos objetivos propostos neste estudo, utilizamos dois sítios: o sítio Roça Nova e o sítio Beira Rio ambos se enquadram nos critérios estabelecidos pelo trabalho, porque eles têm elementos onde predominam as representações vinculadas à Tradição Nordeste, entremeados de elementos da Tradição Agreste. Ali foi possível estabelecer hipóteses da relação pretendida. Usando uma metodologia comparativa, de cunho qualitativo, recorremos ao método tipológico para efetuar as comparações entre os acervos de signos dos sítios. Agregados a esses dados, foram levantados os contextos de inserção dos sítios, sua topografia, meio ambiente e relação espacial com a água. Assim, foi possível demonstrar que o rito de produção dos grafismos rupestres, em cada um dos sítios, parecem indicar que se trata de estruturas míticas diferenciadas em função das dos conjuntos de grafismos, sua distribuição e tipologia, forma dos suportes, possível relação com outros sítios rituais e topografia escolhida em cada sítio, mesmo com as semelhanças entre proximidade da água e técnicas que apresentam. Embora não seja possível identificar um arranjo mitológico nestes sítios, neste momento, fica demonstrado que se trata de instantes rituais completamente distintos. O que leva a supor que se trata de uma estrutura mítica para cada grupo.

Une nouvelle tentative pour faire face au défi sceptique est menée depuis une quarantaine d’années. Cette tentative repose sur une théorie de la connaissance centrée sur la notion d’alternatives pertinentes. La thèse se propose de montrer les faiblesses de cette théorie, même lorsqu’elle s’appuie sur l’appareillage des mondes possibles, et suggère que le scepticisme demeure la meilleure position épistémologique. Dans le premier chapitre on passe en revue une série de difficultés liées au sujet des alternatives pertinentes et l'on essaye d'argumenter en faveur de l'idée qu'il n'y a peut-être pas, finalement, de moyens en quelque sorte objectifs pour établir quelles sont les alternatives pertinentes relativement à une situation quelconque. À partir du deuxième chapitre, il est procédé à une analyse critique des tentatives de certains auteurs qui se sont servis, pour élaborer leurs propres conceptions bien précises, du langage des mondes possibles. Dans le deuxième chapitre, l'on se concentre surtout sur la question du degré de proximité qu'un monde possible donné doit exhiber pour être considéré comme suffisamment proche du monde actuel et l'on essaye de montrer qu'il n’est probablement pas possible de tracer d'une manière non arbitraire une ligne de démarcation entre ces mondes possibles qu’on peut ignorer et ceux qu’on ne peut ignorer dans nos attributions de connaissance. Dans le troisième chapitre, l'on se concentre surtout sur la question des critères qui devraient guider nos évaluations de proximité et l'on essaye de montrer le caractère discutable de n'importe quelle règle visant à établir quels seraient ces critères-là. / Over the last forty years, a new attempt to answer to the skeptic challenge has been proposed. This attempt is based on a theory of knowledge, which is grounded on the notion of relevant alternative. My dissertation aims to show the problems of such a theory, even when formulated in terms of possible worlds, and suggests that in the end skepticism remains the best epistemological option. In the first chapter, I will offer a discussion of the issue of relevant alternatives, and I will argue in favor of the idea that perhaps there are no objective criteria to establish which are the relevant alternatives with respect to a certain given situation. In the second chapter, I will propose a critical analysis of the attempts of some philosophers to formulate their own proposals in the language of possible worlds. In particular, I will focus on the issue of the proximity degree that a certain possible world must have in order to be considered as sufficiently closed to the real world, and I will try to show that perhaps it is not possible to draw a sharp line of demarcation between those possible worlds that we can ignore and those that we must take into account in our attribution of knowledge. In the third chapter, I will critically discuss the criteria that should guide our evaluations about proximity, and I will show the problematic aspects of any rule aimed to establish which these criteria in effect should be.

The thesis presents an assumption that literature is inspired by reality (besides other factors), and that specific literary worlds may, to a certain extent, reflect the actual state of society. Historical events around the end of WWII and the consequent rapid social changes in Japan during late 1940s and 1950s had an indisputable impact on literary production at the time. The aim of this thesis is to affirm this assumption through an analysis of selected short stories and novels from the time concerned. The analysis focuses on remarks and on references about the period of time when the prose was written, and also on behavioral and attitude changes of its characters - prototypes of the Japanese society. The direct impact of historical and social transition on literary work may also be traced in the works' themes, motifs and narrative. We can thus, in many cases, follow the development of the Japanese postwar society from 1945 until the late 1950s, when the country started to prosper economically. The selection of the analysed pieces of literature includes two novels which did not only describe the time of their origination, but also had reverse effect on society. The impact hypothesis is thus confirmed and, what is more, we can see a mutual influence exercised by both, the society and art: The...