O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as possibilidades de aplicação dos principais conceitos da solmização e do contraponto na música inglesa entre os séculos XVI e XVII. Para a realização deste propósito, partindo de uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, foram selecionados os tratados de William Bathe (c. 1596), Thomas Morley (1597), Thomas Campion (c. 1613), John Playford (1655) e Christopher Simpson (1667) que foram sistematicamente estudados. Em seguida, selecionaram-se 40 canções compostas pelos autores das preceptivas acima. As peças foram analisadas de forma a verificar se as regras do contraponto e da solmização oferecidas nos tratados possibilitam uma aplicação prática real nos exemplos musicais, e, de forma geral, se os preceitos contidos nos tratados permitem o efetivo aprendizado da solmização e do contraponto. Considerando a escassez de trabalhos em português discorrendo especificamente sobre a solmização e sobre o contraponto na música inglesa, este trabalho oferece uma contribuição relevante para futuros estudos sobre o assunto. / The objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities of the use of the main concepts of solmization and counterpoint in the English music betweeen the XVI and XVII centuries. To this purpose, I carried a comprehensive bibliographical research and then selected and systematically studied the following treatises: William Bathe (c. 1596), Thomas Morley (1597), Thomas Campion (c. 1613), John Playford (1655) and Christopher Simpson (1667). Secondly, I chose and analyzed 40 songs by these authors in order to verify if the rules of counterpoint and solmization presented in the treatises in actual fact enable a practical use in the musical samples and, broadly speaking, if the precepts found in the treatises promote the effective learning of solmization and counterpoint. Taking into consideration the lack of studies in the Portuguese language specifically covering solmization and counterpoint in the English music, this study offers a relevant contribution to future studies on this subject.

Esta tese tem por objetivo o estudo do pensamento geográfico de Giovanni Botero. Sua melhor síntese é dada pelas Relationi Universali, que oferecem um exemplo interessante da reflexão de um pensador católico sobre o mundo e o homem no mundo. Tratado que compendia o saber geográfico de final do Quinhentos, foi também obra que, por estilo e metodologia, se distanciou das cosmografias coevas, tendo uma especificidade política e religiosa reconhecível nas intenções do autor. Com seu olhar sobre as culturas outras, as Relationi forneceram um instrumento intelectual que permitiu pensar as populações do Novo Mundo e seu encontro com a sociedade europeia. / This thesis aims to study Giovanni Botero\'s geographical thought. The Relationi Universali are its best synthesis and offer an interesting example of the reflections of a catholic thinker over the world and man in the world. The treatise compiles the geographical knowledge at the end of XVI century, although, for its style and methodology, keeps distance from other cosmographies of that time. Botero\'s work has a political and religious peculiarity that can be found in the author\'s ends. With its look over other cultures, the Relationi were an intellectual tool that allowed to think to people of the New World and their relations with the European civilization.

Esta tese tem por objetivo o estudo do pensamento geográfico de Giovanni Botero. Sua melhor síntese é dada pelas Relationi Universali, que oferecem um exemplo interessante da reflexão de um pensador católico sobre o mundo e o homem no mundo. Tratado que compendia o saber geográfico de final do Quinhentos, foi também obra que, por estilo e metodologia, se distanciou das cosmografias coevas, tendo uma especificidade política e religiosa reconhecível nas intenções do autor. Com seu olhar sobre as culturas outras, as Relationi forneceram um instrumento intelectual que permitiu pensar as populações do Novo Mundo e seu encontro com a sociedade europeia. / This thesis aims to study Giovanni Botero\'s geographical thought. The Relationi Universali are its best synthesis and offer an interesting example of the reflections of a catholic thinker over the world and man in the world. The treatise compiles the geographical knowledge at the end of XVI century, although, for its style and methodology, keeps distance from other cosmographies of that time. Botero\'s work has a political and religious peculiarity that can be found in the author\'s ends. With its look over other cultures, the Relationi were an intellectual tool that allowed to think to people of the New World and their relations with the European civilization.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama pilietiškumo samprata ispanų kilmės XVI amžiaus Lietuvos lotyniškosios literatūros autoriaus Petro Roizijaus (Pedro Ruiz de Moros, ~1505 –1571) kūryboje. Toks aspektas leidžia žvelgti į kūrybą šiuolaikinio skaitytojo akimis, apibrėžti autoriaus kūrybos santykį su skirtingų laikų visuomenėmis. Teoriniu darbo pagrindu pasirinkti recepcijos teorijos Hanso Roberto Jausso svarstymai jo literatūrinio lūkesčių horizonto sąvoka, teksto analizei konkrečiose darbo dalyse naudoti intertekstualumo teoretikų pastebėjimai. Disertacijoje atskirai nagrinėjami Roizijaus poetiniai ir teisiniai tekstai, bandant ieškoti juose pilietiškumo raiškos. Poetiniuose tekstuose Roizijus, norėdamas paveikti skaitytoją, kreipia itin didel��� dėmesį į detalų ir konkretų vaizdavimą, taigi čia valstybės – piliečio santykis atsiskleidžia didiko herojaus, „verto tėvo ir tėvynės“ paveiksle. Teisiniame Roizijaus veikale Lietuvos sprendimai autorius atskleidžia pilietiškumo sampratą daugiau iš filosofinės pusės. Čia civis ir civitas sąvokos turi jungčių tiek su antikiniu romėnų pasauliu, kurį atveria intertekstinės struktūros, tiek su Lenkijoje ir Lietuvoje įprasta ir Lietuvos statutuose pabrėžiama piliečio kaip gyventojo traktuote. Pilietiškumas gali tapti elementu, kuris priartina mūsų dienų žvilgsnį prie istoriniu tapusio diskurso. Roizijaus tekstus šiandieninis skaitytojas turi galimybę atrasti iš naujo, nes jie, publikuojami ir tyrinėjami, turi įtakos ir šiandieniniam lūkesčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work is mainly to investigate the concept of citizenship in the creation of Petrus Royzius (Pedro Ruiz de Moros, ~1505 –1571). This poet is a creator of the 16th c. Latin poetry in Lithuania. The aspect like this allows the observation towards the literature with the contemporary reader‘s eyes and determines the relationship between the author and the society of different époques. As a theoretical base of the investigation we have chosen a reception theory discussed by Hans Robert Jauss and his conception of literary horizon of expectations. The theoretical considerations of intertextuality there were used for the text analysis in the concrete places of the text. The poetical texts are considerable different from the judicial ones, while looking for the expression of citizenship in them. Royzius is very attentive for the detailed and concrete images or metaphors in order to make an influence on the reader; so the state–citizen relation reveals through the illustration of a noble hero, who is „worth his father and his fatherland“. The author reveals more philosophical conception of citizenship in his work The Lithuanian Decisions (Decisiones Lituanicae). The origin of Civis and Civitas are connected both with the antique Roman world, which is revealed by the intertextual structures, and the treatment of the citizen as an inhabitant, common in Lithuanian Statutes. The citizenship may become a connecting element between our days and the discourse becoming slowly a... [to full text]

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as possibilidades de aplicação dos principais conceitos da solmização e do contraponto na música inglesa entre os séculos XVI e XVII. Para a realização deste propósito, partindo de uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, foram selecionados os tratados de William Bathe (c. 1596), Thomas Morley (1597), Thomas Campion (c. 1613), John Playford (1655) e Christopher Simpson (1667) que foram sistematicamente estudados. Em seguida, selecionaram-se 40 canções compostas pelos autores das preceptivas acima. As peças foram analisadas de forma a verificar se as regras do contraponto e da solmização oferecidas nos tratados possibilitam uma aplicação prática real nos exemplos musicais, e, de forma geral, se os preceitos contidos nos tratados permitem o efetivo aprendizado da solmização e do contraponto. Considerando a escassez de trabalhos em português discorrendo especificamente sobre a solmização e sobre o contraponto na música inglesa, este trabalho oferece uma contribuição relevante para futuros estudos sobre o assunto. / The objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities of the use of the main concepts of solmization and counterpoint in the English music betweeen the XVI and XVII centuries. To this purpose, I carried a comprehensive bibliographical research and then selected and systematically studied the following treatises: William Bathe (c. 1596), Thomas Morley (1597), Thomas Campion (c. 1613), John Playford (1655) and Christopher Simpson (1667). Secondly, I chose and analyzed 40 songs by these authors in order to verify if the rules of counterpoint and solmization presented in the treatises in actual fact enable a practical use in the musical samples and, broadly speaking, if the precepts found in the treatises promote the effective learning of solmization and counterpoint. Taking into consideration the lack of studies in the Portuguese language specifically covering solmization and counterpoint in the English music, this study offers a relevant contribution to future studies on this subject.

La importancia de la identidad ciudadana se percibe también en las obras poéticas y jurídicas del autor de procedencia española Pedro Ruiz de Moros (Petras Roizijus, Petrus Royzius Maureus, Piotr Royzjusz, ~1505 – 1571). Ese poeta es el más productivo, claro, y probablemente el único escritor de ese tiempo que no ha escrito poemas extensos según la tradición épica de la Antigüedad. Su punto de vista constructivo y lacónico se refleja en la poesía epigramática y en los versos ocasionales escritos para los próceres de Lituania y Polonia, y se caracterizan por un estilo muy realista. Como es fácil entender, particularmente ese tipo de poesía es el mejor y el más eficaz para reflejar variados matices de la época; tales versos constituyen un curioso barómetro que mide diversos aspectos de la vida social de aquella comunidad. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama pilietiškumo samprata ispanų kilmės XVI amžiaus Lietuvos lotyniškosios literatūros autoriaus Petro Roizijaus (Pedro Ruiz de Moros, ~1505 –1571) kūryboje. Toks aspektas leidžia žvelgti į kūrybą šiuolaikinio skaitytojo akimis, apibrėžti autoriaus kūrybos santykį su skirtingų laikų visuomenėmis. Teoriniu darbo pagrindu pasirinkti recepcijos teorijos Hanso Roberto Jausso svarstymai jo literatūrinio lūkesčių horizonto sąvoka, teksto analizei konkrečiose darbo dalyse naudoti intertekstualumo teoretikų pastebėjimai. Disertacijoje atskirai nagrinėjami Roizijaus poetiniai ir teisiniai tekstai, bandant ieškoti juose pilietiškumo raiškos. Poetiniuose tekstuose Roizijus, norėdamas paveikti skaitytoją, kreipia itin didelį dėmesį į detalų ir konkretų vaizdavimą, taigi čia valstybės – piliečio santykis atsiskleidžia didiko herojaus, „verto tėvo ir tėvynės“ paveiksle. Teisiniame Roizijaus veikale Lietuvos sprendimai autorius atskleidžia pilietiškumo sampratą daugiau iš filosofinės pusės. Čia civis ir civitas sąvokos turi jungčių tiek su antikiniu romėnų pasauliu, kurį atveria intertekstinės struktūros, tiek su Lenkijoje ir Lietuvoje įprasta ir Lietuvos statutuose pabrėžiama piliečio kaip gyventojo traktuote. Pilietiškumas gali tapti elementu, kuris priartina mūsų dienų žvilgsnį prie istoriniu tapusio diskurso. Roizijaus tekstus šiandieninis skaitytojas turi galimybę atrasti iš naujo, nes jie, publikuojami ir tyrinėjami, turi įtakos ir šiandieniniam lūkesčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work is mainly to investigate the concept of citizenship in the creation of Petrus Royzius (Pedro Ruiz de Moros, ~1505 –1571). This poet is a creator of the 16th c. Latin poetry in Lithuania. The aspect like this allows the observation towards the literature with the contemporary reader‘s eyes and determines the relationship between the author and the society of different époques. As a theoretical base of the investigation we have chosen a reception theory discussed by Hans Robert Jauss and his conception of literary horizon of expectations. The theoretical considerations of intertextuality there were used for the text analysis in the concrete places of the text. The poetical texts are considerable different from the judicial ones, while looking for the expression of citizenship in them. Royzius is very attentive for the detailed and concrete images or metaphors in order to make an influence on the reader; so the state–citizen relation reveals through the illustration of a noble hero, who is „worth his father and his fatherland“. The author reveals more philosophical conception of citizenship in his work The Lithuanian Decisions (Decisiones Lituanicae). The origin of Civis and Civitas are connected both with the antique Roman world, which is revealed by the intertextual structures, and the treatment of the citizen as an inhabitant, common in Lithuanian Statutes. The citizenship may become a connecting element between our days and the discourse becoming slowly a... [to full text]

El tema d'aquesta tesi és el factor de la festa en l'articulació de pràctiques musicals a Barcelona en un context que s'estén des del segle XV al XVIII. Concretament, se centra en les anomenades "Entrades Reials", unes celebracions públiques que s'esdevenien en la primera visita del monarca en motiu del seu jurament dels privilegis de la ciutat. L'elecció d'aquest objecte es justifica en primer lloc pel seu potencial per a connectar amb formes de pensament que incideixen en el debat més genèric sobre els processos d'atribució de significacions a la música. Aquestes celebracions esdevenien una important manifestació cultural col·lectiva en les que s'utilitzaven pràctiques musicals comuns a les altres festes més regulars i que conformaven el sistema general festiu: l'acompanyament del seguici per conjunts de trompetes i tabals, les intervencions musicals en el marc de les representacions realitzades al portal de la ciutat i basades en el teatre sacre medieval, les desfilades dels gremis i confraries, que participaven amb les músiques i els balls dels "entremesos" del Corpus, així com els balls privats als palaus o públics als carrers i places que durant les jornades posteriors completava el conjunt de les activitats. / The subject of this work is the factor of the celebration in the joint of musical practices in Barcelona in a context that extends from century XV to the XVIII. Concretely, it is centered in the denominated "Real Entrances", public celebrations that occurred in the first visit of the monarch in reason for the oath of the privileges of the city. The election of this object is justified by its potential to connect with thought forms that affect the most generic debate the processes of attribution of meanings to music. These celebrations were an important collective cultural manifestation in which common musical practices to the other more regular celebrations were used and than they conformed the festive general system: the support of the courtship by sets of trumpets and drums, the musical interventions within the framework of the representations made to the vestibule of the city and cradles in the religious medieval theater, the parades of the unions and brotherhoods, that participated with music and the dances of the "entremeses" of the Corpus, as well as the dances deprived in the palaces or public in the streets and seats that during the later days the set of the activities completed.

L’analyse des politiques fiscales des communautés autonomes de la Val Seriana (XVe-XVIe siècle) montre l’existence d’une relation asymétrique entre la République de Venise, la Commune urbaine de Bergame et les pouvoirs locaux. Dès la conquête, la Dominante et les Communes rurales entament des rapports qui garantissent à la République ses recettes fiscales et aux communautés la tutelle de leur autonomie administrative. La ville perd définitivement son influence directe institutionnelle et donc fiscale sur cette parties de son district. Cette relation continue, renforcée, pendant les deux siècles suivants, en dépit des transformations des modèles de prélèvement (introduction de contributions extraordinaires et d’une taxe militaire unique remplaçant des anciennes charges; fin XVe – début XVIe siècles). Ces changements et l’augmentation de la demande fiscale, due principalement aux guerres en Italie et en Orient, emmènent au développement d’un nouveau système financier local, remplaçant des anciennes organisations fondées sur des impositions tels que les dazi. Bien que bénéfique pour l’entière communauté, ces nouvelles institutions restent sous le contrôle des familles locales qui gouvernent déjà la Commune ; le nouveau système se fonde sur l’emprunt public émis par des créanciers privés, qui font souvent partie de la classe dirigeante locale, et sur la vente et location des biens communs des communautés. / The analysis of the local fiscal policies of the autonomous communities of the Val Seriana during the XV and XVI centuries proves the existence of a three-sided, asymmetrical equilibrium between the Republic of Venice, the Commune of Bergamo and local powers. Whilst the Town manages to influence the communities' choices from a marginalised position, the Republic and the latter share a pact that benefits them respectively in fiscal revenues and protection of autonomy. This relationship will strenghten in time, through the transformations of the Venetian fiscal system (late XV century) that will put more emphasis on extraordinary revenues and monetisation of military corvées. These radical changes combined with the financial strain coming from the renewed war engagement in Italy and in the East that will increase Venetian fiscal demand, will locally set a trend for the development around communal finances of a new apparatus, replacing the old system based on customs. Though beneficial for the whole community, this system will be largely managed by local governing families; its roots will be public borrowing from private businessmen (often, relations to the members of the political management) and the commercialisation of a portion of the communal properties.