Presented in this thesis are measurements of W boson production in high energy pp collisions and ep deep inelastic scattering that take place at RHIC and HERA facilities, respectively. These measurements explore the inner structure of the nucleons, in particular, probing the distributions of the light flavor sea which consists of up, down and strange quarks. The W+/W− cross-section ratio, RW , in pp collisions is sensitive to the asymmetry in the ¯d and ¯u flavors in the nucleon sea. This ratio was first measured with the STAR detector at RHIC with the data collected in 2009 and again with the data collected from 2011 to 2013, featuring pp collisions of a center-of-mass energy of √s = 500/510 GeV and an integrated luminosity of ∼ 350 pb−1. The study considered in this thesis further improves the precision of this measurement by analyzing an additional data set collected in 2017 which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of ∼ 350 pb−1. The experimental results are compared to theory predictions generated with various global PDF fits. The measurement performed at HERA searches for the strange quark content in the nucleon via charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering. This is the first measurement of its kind, using the HERA II data collected with the ZEUS detector. This data set corresponds to e±p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 318 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 358 pb−1. The results are consistent with expectations from the Standard Model, albeit with large experimental uncertainties arising from the limited statistics. / Physics

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Den här uppsatsen behandlar 62 mynt från den arkeologiska utgrävningen vid Zeushelgedomen Labraunda på Uppsala universitets myntkabinett. Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå de kontaktmönster som fanns mellan Zeushelgedomen och omvärlden. Men även att dokumentera och digitalisera mynten. Syftet uppnås genom en nätverksanalys baserad på en kvantitativ myntundersökning och etableringen av en digital myntkatalog över det undersökta materialet. Från nätverksanalysen kan en stark koppling etableras mellan Zeushelgedomen och staden Mylasa. Det var helgedomens funktion som en regional maktbas och starka koppling till Hekatomndierna som utgjorde grunden till relationen. Myntmaterialet bekräftar också Zeushelgedomens omfattande roll under 200 talet f.Kr. då 33 av de undersökta mynten dateras till den tiden. Detta motsäger en vanlig tolkning vilket är att mängden aktiviteter minskade i Zeushelgedomen under den hellenistiska perioden. Med de kompletterande inskrifterna är det tydligt att Labraunda hade en viktig status i den turbulenta tidsåldern som följde Alexander den stores död. Mynten som användes inom helgedomen var för det mesta vanliga bronsmynt såsom nr 501051 från Mylasa och nr 501065 från Stratonikeia. / This essay examines 62 coins from the archaeological excavation at the Zeus sanctuary Labraunda at Uppsala University's coin cabinet. The purpose of the essay is to understand the contact patterns that existed between the Zeus sanctuary and the outside world. But also to document and digitize the coins. The purpose is achieved through a network analysis based ona quantitative coin survey and the establishment of a digital coin catalog of the examined material. From the network analysis, a strong connection can be established between the sanctuary of Zeus and the city of Mylasa. It was the shrine's function as a regional power baseand strong connection to the Hekatomnids that formed the basis of the relationship. The coin material also confirms the extensive role of the sanctuary of Zeus during the 2nd century BC. as 33 of the coins examined date to that time. This contradicts a common interpretation which is that the amount of activity decreased in the sanctuary during the Hellenistic period. With the supplementary inscriptions, it is clear that Labraunda had an important status in the turbulentage that followed the death of Alexander the Great. The coins used within the sanctuary were mostly common bronze coins such as No. 501051 from Mylasa and No. 501065 from Stratonikeia.

The effectiveness of seismic retrofitting applied to enhance seismic performance was assessed for a five-story reinforced concrete (RC) flat-slab building structure in the central United States. In addition to this, an assessment of seismic fragility that relates the probability of exceeding a performance level to the earthquake intensity was conducted. The response of the structure was predicted using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses with synthetic ground motion records for the central U.S. region. In addition, two analytical approaches for nonlinear response analysis were compared. FEMA 356 (ASCE 2000) criteria were used to evaluate the seismic performance of the case study building. Two approaches of FEMA 356 were used for seismic evaluation: global-level and member-level using three performance levels (Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention). In addition to these limit states, punching shear drift limits were also considered to establish an upper bound drift capacity limit for collapse prevention. Based on the seismic evaluation results, three possible retrofit techniques were applied to improve the seismic performance of the structure, including addition of shear walls, addition of RC column jackets, and confinement of the column plastic hinge zones using externally bonded steel plates. Finally, fragility relationships were developed for the existing and retrofitted structure using several performance levels. Fragility curves for the retrofitted structure were compared with those for the unretrofitted structure. For various performance levels to assess the fragility curves, FEMA global drift limits were compared with the drift limits based on the FEMA member-level criteria. In addition to this, performance levels which were based on additional quantitative limits were also considered and compared with FEMA drift limits.

The effectiveness of seismic retrofitting applied to enhance seismic performance was assessed for a five-story reinforced concrete (RC) flat-slab building structure in the central United States. In addition to this, an assessment of seismic fragility that relates the probability of exceeding a performance level to the earthquake intensity was conducted. The response of the structure was predicted using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses with synthetic ground motion records for the central U.S. region. In addition, two analytical approaches for nonlinear response analysis were compared. FEMA 356 (ASCE 2000) criteria were used to evaluate the seismic performance of the case study building. Two approaches of FEMA 356 were used for seismic evaluation: global-level and member-level using three performance levels (Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention). In addition to these limit states, punching shear drift limits were also considered to establish an upper bound drift capacity limit for collapse prevention. Based on the seismic evaluation results, three possible retrofit techniques were applied to improve the seismic performance of the structure, including addition of shear walls, addition of RC column jackets, and confinement of the column plastic hinge zones using externally bonded steel plates. Finally, fragility relationships were developed for the existing and retrofitted structure using several performance levels. Fragility curves for the retrofitted structure were compared with those for the unretrofitted structure. For various performance levels to assess the fragility curves, FEMA global drift limits were compared with the drift limits based on the FEMA member-level criteria. In addition to this, performance levels which were based on additional quantitative limits were also considered and compared with FEMA drift limits.

Hypercomputation, which is the general concept embracing all machinery capable of carrying out more tasks than Turing Machines and beyond the Turing Limit, has implications for various fields including mathematics, physics, computer science and philosophy. Regarding its philosophical aspects, it is necessary to reveal the position of hypercomputation relative to the classical computational theory of mind in order to clarify and broaden the scope of hypercomputation so that it encompasses some phenomena which are regarded as problematic because of their property of being uncomputable. This thesis points to a relation between hypercomputation and the agent-causation theory of free will by exploring that theory&#039 / s alleged infinite-regress feature, which has been regarded by some authors as problematic and used against the agent causation theory. In order to cope with this problem, we propose a certain hypercomputer, viz. the reverse Zeus machine. The reverse Zeus machine can help to understand the infinite-regress aspect of agent causation better than accelerating Turing machines (or ordinary Zeus machines). Accelerating Turing machines are abstract machines which perform temporal patterning in an accelerating manner by executing each step in half the time required for the previous step. This allows them to compute infinitely many operations in finite time. Although reverse Zeus machines have the same working principle as accelerating Turing machines, we show that agent causation can be represented by reverse Zeus machines better than by the classical Zeus machines.

Notre thèse traite de l’histoire des sanctuaires et de l’évolution des cultes et de la mythologie cycladiques dans la transition, qui conduit de la fin du monde mycénien à la Grèce classique. Notre première partie (pp. 13-445) est constituée d’une suite de monographies retraçant les changements, qui affectent les habitats et les places cultuelles des différentes îles de l’archipel entre le XIIe et le VIe siècle av. J.-C.. La deuxième partie (pp. 446-558) contient un essai de synthèse et une interprétation des données présentées auparavant. Plus exactement, une réflexion sur les mécanismes de recomposition de l’héritage religieux de l’âge du bronze, qui participent à la définition des panthéons insulaires archaïques. La troisième partie (pp. 559-628) est un essai d’anthropologie religieuse, dans lequel est examinée la notion de création dans la mythologie des Cyclades, à la recherche d’un imaginaire insulaire. Le premier chapitre commence par l’analyse et l’interprétation de la Cosmogonie de Phérécyde de Syros. Le second chapitre vise à mettre en évidence de quelle façon les thèmes symboliques spécifiques au système de Phérécyde se retrouvent également déclinés dans les autres mythes régionaux et trouvent leur origines dans les cultes agraires locaux les plus anciens. / The topic of our thesis is the history of the sanctuaries, and the evolution of the worships and mythology in the transition, which leads end of the Mycenaean world to classical Greece. Our first part (pp. 13-445) makes up of a continuation of monographs recalling the changes, which affect the settlements and the worship places of the various islands of the archipelago between XIIe to VIe Century B.C. The second part (pp. 446-558) contains a test of synthesis and an interpretation of the data presented before. More exactly, a reflection on the mechanisms of recombining of the religious heritage of the Bronze Age, which take part in the definition of archaic insulars pantheons. The third part (pp. 559-628) is an assai of religious anthropology, in which the concept of creation in the mythology of Cyclades is examined, in the search of an islander imaginary. The first chapter starts with the analysis and the interpretation of the Cosmogony of Pherekydes of Syros. The second chapter aims at highlighting how the topics symbolic systems specific to the system of Pherekydes are also found declined in the other regional myths and find their origin in the local agrarian worships oldest.

Malgré la grande postérité de ses idées, Évhémère de Messène reste très peu étudié en France ; il n’existe actuellement aucune édition traduite des fragments et témoignages portant sur cet auteur. Notre travail consiste donc d’abord à proposer un classement personnel accompagné d’une traduction française des différents fragments. Nous procédons ensuite à une évaluation minutieuse et systématique des principaux fragments – Diodore, Bibliothèque historique, V, 41-46 ; Eusèbe, Préparation évangélique, II, 2, 52-62 ; Lactance, Institutions divines, I, 11, 13, 14, 17 et 22 – afin de déterminer jusqu’à quel point ces différentes sources peuvent être considérées comme des reflets fidèles de l’Ἱερὰ Ἀναγραφή d’Évhémère. Cette étude philologique est suivie d'un commentaire d'ensemble de l'ouvrage d'Evhémère.. / Despite the large renown of his ideas, Euhemerus of Messene remains very little studied in France. There is currently no translated edition of the fragments and testimonies on this author. Our first task is therefore to propose a personal classification together with a French translation of the various fragments. We then proceed to a thorough and systematic assessment of key fragments – Diodorus, Historical Library, V, 41-46 ; Eusebius, Evangelical Preparation, II, 2, 52- 62 ; Lactantius, Divine Institutions, I, 11, 13, 14, 17 and 22 – to determine to what extent these different sources can be regarded as faithful reflections of Euhemerus’ Ἱερὰ Ἀναγραφή. Philological commentary is followed by a global analysis on Euhemerus'work

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucioMSA.pdf: 2791852 bytes, checksum: 5cba560727621c49e5fc8f6cc80083c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / We use a finite diference eulerian numerical code, called ZEUS 3D, to do simulations involving the collision between two magnetized molecular clouds, aiming to evaluate the rate of star formation triggered by the collision and to analyse how that rate varies depending on the relative orientations between the cloud magnetic fields before the shock. The ZEUS 3D code is not an easy code to handle. We had to create two subroutines, one to study the cloud-cloud collision and the other for the data output. ZEUS is a modular code. Its hierarchical way of working is explained as well as the way our subroutines work. We adopt two sets of different initial values for density, temperature and magnetic field of the clouds and of the external medium in order to study the collision between two molecular clouds. For each set, we analyse in detail six cases with different directions and orientations of the cloud magnetic field relative to direction of motion of the clouds. The analysis of these twelve cases allowed us to conform analytical-theoretical proposals found in the literature, and to obtain several original results. Previous works indicate that, if the cloud magnetic fields before the collision are orthogonal to the direction of motion, then a strong inhibition of star formation will occur during a cloud-cloud shock, whereas if those magnetic fields are parallel to the direction of motion, star formation will be stimulated. Our treatment of the problem confirmed numerically those results, and further allowed us to quantify the relative star forming efficiencies in each case. Moreover, we propose and analyse an intermediate case where the field of one of the clouds is orthogonal to the motion and the field of the other one is parallel to the motion. We conclude that, in this case, the rate at which the star formation occurs has a value also intermediate between the two extreme cases we mentioned above. Besides that we study the case in which the fields are orthogonal to the direction of the motion but, instead of being parallel to each other, they are anti-parallel, and we obtained for this case the corresponding variation of the star formation rate due to this alteration of the field configuration. This last case has not been studied in the literature before. Our study allows us to obtain, from the simulations, the rate of star formation in each case, as well as the temporal dependence of that rate as each collision evolves, what we do in detail for one of the cases in particular. The values we obtain for the rate of star formation are in accordance with those expected from the presently existing observational data / Usamos um c?digo num?rico euleriano de diferen?as finitas, chamado ZEUS 3D, para fazer simula??es envolvendo a colis?o entre duas nuvens moleculares magnetizadas, visando avaliar a taxa de forma??o estelar desencadeada pela colis?o e analisar como essa taxa varia, dependendo das orienta??es relativas entre os campos magn?ticos das nuvens antes do choque. O c?digo ZEUS 3D n?o ? um c?digo de f?cil tratamento. Tivemos de criar duas subrotinas, uma para estudar a colis?o nuvem-nuvem e outra para a sa?da dos dados. O ZEUS ? um c?digo baseado em m?dulos. Seu funcionamento hier?rquico ? explicado, assim como o funcionamento de nossas subrotinas. Estudamos a colis?o entre duas nuvens moleculares, empregando dois conjuntos diferentes de valores iniciais para densidade, temperatura e campo magn?tico das nuvens e do meio. Para cada conjunto desses valores, analisamos detalhadamente seis casos com diferentes dire??es e sentidos do campo magn?tico das nuvens em rela??o ? dire??o do seu movimento. A an?lise desses doze casos nos permitiu comprovar previs?es te?rico-anal?ticas propostas na literatura e nos possibilitou a obten??o de v?rios resultados originais. Trabalhos anteriores indicaram que, se os campos magn?ticos das nuvens antes da colis?o forem ortogonais ? dire??o do movimento, ocorre forte inibi??o da forma??o de estrelas durante um choque nuvem-nuvem, enquanto que se esses campos magn?ticos forem paralelos ao movimento haver? indu??o da forma??o estelar. Nosso tratamento do problema comprovou numericamente essas previs?es, permitindo inclusive quantificar as relativas efici?ncias de forma??o estelar em cada caso. E mais: propusemos e analisamos um caso intermedi?rio, onde uma nuvem teria campo ortogonal ao movimento e a outra teria campo paralelo a este. Conclu?mos que neste caso ocorre forma??o estelar com uma taxa tamb?m intermedi?ria entre os dois casos extremos mencionados. Al?m disso, estudamos o caso onde os campos s?o ortogonais ? dire??o do movimento mas, em vez de serem paralelos um ao outro, eles s?o anti-paralelos, o que tampouco havia sido feito na literatura, e obtivemos a correspondente varia??o da taxa de forma??o de estrelas devido a essa altera??o de configura??o. Nosso estudo permite extrair das simula??es a taxa de forma??o estelar em cada caso, assim como a depend?ncia temporal dessa taxa conforme cada uma das colis?es estudadas evolui, o que fazemos em detalhe para um dos casos em particular. Os valores que obtivemos para a taxa de forma??o de estrelas est? em acordo com os dados observacionais existentes at? o presente momento

[pt] O oitavo capítulo da Carta aos Romanos é, aparentemente, o seu centro: um tratado sobre o espírito sob vários aspectos – humano, divino e outros. A unidade literária Rm 8,14-17 é considerada o núcleo deste capítulo. A perícope desenvolve as causas e os efeitos da adoção filial divina com uma terminologia igual e distinta alhures (e.g., Gl 4,4-7); o texto contém expressões vinculadas à tradição judaica (vv. 14-15) e também uma segunda feição mais ecumênica/helênica (vv. 16-17), configurando uma estrutura retórica dual e, concomitantemente, convergente, devido aos elementos da semântica de uma e de outra cultura: yiothesίas (v. 15) e herdeiro (v. 17). Isto, de certa maneira, elucida e confirma a formação cultural e intelectual do Apóstolo: judaica e helênica à luz do cristianismo. Na primeira dimensão do texto destaca-se a fórmula aramaico-grega, tida como litúrgica; na segunda, o texto atrai por sua quantidade e qualidade de co-construtos: symmartyrei, herdeiros, compaixão syndoxasthomen (neologismos paulinos ou de uso ímpar). A singularidade da combinação destoa do convencional sugerindo um Sitz im Leben e/ou contexto específico: estratos de paternidade idolátrica (Zeύs-patnr) e reminiscências de sincretismo salvífico das religiões de mistério em virtude dos compostos co-, comuns nas fórmulas destes ritos greco-romanos. O presente trabalho entende que o acumulo de dados e a análise componencial dos mesmos em Rm 8,14-17 proporcionou aos seus sintagmas uma compreensão semântica colidente à idolatria e ao sincretismo. / [en] The eighth chapter of Romans is apparently its center: a treaty about spirit on various aspects – human, divine and others. The literary unit Romans 8:14-17 is considered the core of this chapter. The pericope develops the causes and effects of the divine filial adoption [yiothesίas, children of God / god tékna] with an equal and distinct terminology elsewhere (eg, Gal 4:4-7); the text contains linked expressions to the Jewish tradition (vv. 14-15) and also a second more ecumenical/Hellenic feature (vv. 16-17), setting up a dual rhetorical structure and, concomitantly, convergent, due to the semantic elements of one and another culture:yiothesίas (v. 15) and hereditary (v. 17) . This, in a way, elucidates and confirms the cultural and intellectual formation of the Apostle: Jewish and Hellenistic in the light of Christianity. The first dimension of the text highlights the formula Aramaic-Greek ABBA patnr, regarded as liturgical; in the second, the text draws on its quantity and quality of co-constructs: symmartyrei, heirs, compassion, syndoxasthomen(Pauline neologisms or a singular use). The uniqueness of the combination deviates from its conventional, suggesting Sitz im Leben and/or a specific context: strata of an idolatrous paternity (Zeύs-patnr) and reminiscences of salvific syncretism of mystery religions because of co-compounds, common in these Greco-Roman rites formulas. This work considers both the accumulation of data and the componential analysis of these in Romans 8:14-17 provided its syntagmas a semantic understanding colliding over idolatry and syncretism.