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L'Europe du Nord-Ouest, plus particulièrement la France septentrionale, constitue durant le Pléistocène moyen et supérieur un carrefour biogéographique. Les populations animales, et donc les Hommes, y évoluent en fonction des variations climatiques et environnementales. La grande richesse des vestiges fauniques a permis de réaliser une étude archéozoologique et paléoécologique sur l'ensemble des niveaux de trois gisements datés du Pléistocène supérieur : Caours (Somme) pour l'Eemien, Le Rozel (Manche) et Mutzig (Bas-Rhin) pour le début Weichsélien. Une reprise partielle du matériel dentaire de Biache-Saint-Vaast (Pas-de-Calais) daté de la fin de Saalien a également été faite. L'étude des séries fauniques, majoritairement basée sur la réalisation de profils de mortalité et la détermination de la saisonnalité d'occupation des niveaux archéologiques, a permis de mettre en évidence des comportements de subsistance récurrents dans les différents gisements : chasse principalement ciblée sur les cervidés, transport sélectif des cadavres en fonction de la taille des animaux et exploitation intensive à but alimentaire avec la récupération de la viande, de la moelle et de la langue. Malgré une grande homogénéité dans la gestion du gibier et du territoire, certains comportements tendent à être plus variables : exploitation des cadavres à but utilitaire avec la récupération des peaux, des fourrures et l'utilisation des os en tant que retouchoir, et sélection d'individus en particulier en fonction de l'âge et/ou du sexe. Les Néandertaliens de France septentrionale montrent ainsi une grande homogénéité dans leurs comportements de subsistance, mais également une variabilité qui découle de leur adaptation constante à leur milieu. / Northwestern Europe is during the Middle and Late Pleistocene a biogeographical crossword, in particular Northern France. Large mammals and Humans are present depending on the climatic and environmental variations. The huge amount of preserved bones coming from archaeological sites allowed to make zooarchaeology and palaeoecology studies of the complete sequences of three sites dated from Upper Pleistocene: Caours (Somme) from the Eemian, Le Rozel (Manche) et Mutzig (Bas-Rhin) from the Early Weichselian. Large mammals teeth from Biache-Saint-Vaast (Pas-de-Calais), dated from the end of the Saalian, were also partially studied. The zooarchaeological research was mainly focused on the use of mortality profils and the determination of seasonnality. It was then possible to determine some general behavior, recurrent in several sites, as preference of cervids, selective transport of animals depending on the weight of the mammals, and intensive use with alimentary research marked by the collect of meat, marrow and tongue. Despite that, some behavior seem to be more specific, like a non-alimentary purpose of corpses with use of skin, fur and bones as retouchers, as well as preferential hunting based on age and/or sex of the individuals. Thus, Neandertalians' behavior from Northern France is characterized by a certain homogeneity, but also by a variability that results from the constant adaptation of their environment.

O sítio Capelinha I, localizado no município de Cajati, SP, é um sambaqui fluvial de grande interesse para a Arqueologia brasileira, devido a sua intrigante datação: 9250±50 anos AP. Possui, além da ocupação sambaquieira, outras duas posteriores, ligadas aos caçadores-coletores da Tradição Umbu e aos ceramistas da Tradição Itararé. Deste modo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma análise zooarqueológica, compreender as interações entre os homens e o ambiente em que estavam inseridos, por meio da análise do material proveniente de quatro áreas de escavação abertas entre os anos de 1999 e 2003. / The site Capelinha I, located in Cajati, SP, is a fluvial shellmounds of great interest to the Brazilian Archeology, intriguing because of its timing: 9250 ± 50 years BP. Besides the shellmounds, there were two other subsequent occupations, related to the hunter-gatherer of Umbu Tradition and the potters of Itararé Tradition. Therefore, the main objective of this research is, through a zooarchaeological analysis, to understand the interactions between men and environment in which they were inserted, by means of the analysis of material proceeding from four excavation areas, which were opened between the years of 1999 and 2003.

The object of this research were the remains of Bos taurus catalog 060 rescued in the archaeological site RS-Q-17 - Estância Velha do Jarau, that this site has been researched by the Laboratório de Estudo e Pesquisa em Arqueologia (LEPA/UFSM), since 1997, with coordination archaeologist Dr. Saul Eduardo Seiguer Milder. The archaeological site is located on the southwestern border of Rio Grande do Sul, an area marked by constant conflicts that occurred during the consolidation period and definition of the state territory, where the habits, customs and food had a direct influence of the uruguayan and argentine culture. Of material culture found, archaeofauna represents a significant portion in terms of quantity. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to identify, analyze and interpret this archaeofauna quantitatively and qualitatively, so that made it possible to demonstrate through the bony elements identified that the diet of the preterit occupants of this archaeological site located on the southwestern border of Rio Grande do Sul was very diverse. The menu included the consumption of beef in the form of baked, stewed, fried and baked. A small portion of the collection archaeofaunistical shown to have been consumed in the form of barbecue: ribs. A large majority of elements were parts of long bones and bones of the feet and consumed in stews or boiled for supporting a variety in the way of preparation. Although beef is the preferred type, the barbecue is not the same level of importance and control daily food as the historical gaucho tradition affirms. / O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa foram os vestígios de Bos taurus do catálogo 060 resgatado no sítio arqueológico RS-Q-17 Estância Velha do Jarau, sítio este que vem sendo pesquisado pelo Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa Arqueológica (LEPA/UFSM), desde 1997, com coordenação do arqueólogo Prof. Dr. Saul Eduardo Seiguer Milder. O sítio arqueológico está localizado na fronteira sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, área marcada por constantes conflitos ocorridos durante o período de consolidação e definição do território gaúcho, onde os hábitos, costumes e alimentação tiveram influência direta da cultura uruguaia e argentina. Da cultura material encontrada, a arqueofauna representa uma parcela considerável em termos de quantidade. Assim, objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar, analisar e interpretar esta arqueofauna de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, de modo que possibilitou demonstrar através dos elementos ósseos identificados que a dieta alimentar dos pretéritos ocupantes deste sítio arqueológico localizado na fronteira sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul era muita diversificada. O cardápio incluía o consumo da carne de vaca sob a forma de cozidos, ensopados, fritos e assados. Uma pequena parcela da coleção arqueofaunística demonstrou ter sido consumida na forma de churrasco: as costelas. A grande maioria dos elementos eram partes de ossos longos e ossos das patas consumidos em ensopados e/ou cozidos corroborando para uma diversidade na forma de preparo. Embora a carne de vaca seja o tipo preferencial, o churrasco não está no mesmo patamar de importância e domínio alimentar diário do gaúcho histórico como afirma a tradição.

In this paper, I discuss the presence of farm animals in longhouses during the Iron Age in Sweden with some examples from Europe. Longhouses are often described as multifunctional housing. Though housing animals indoors has been questioned in the past, it remains a generally accepted interpretation. This paper aims to investigate if and how animals were housed inside and how archeologists in the future should work with the issue.

Horses have played a large part in many cultures across the world, the Scandinavian Viking Age included. They are frequently found in graves and sacrificial sites, meant to denote, or represent the status and social caste of the humans they served. More and more studies and research projects are now taking place where the horses are allowed to take center stage, but these rarely touch on the subject of the horse’s agency. Were the abilities of the horses themselves what determined whether they be brutally sacrificed, or whether they keep serving the living? This is an area of study which hopes to introduce new perspectives into a complicated, lengthy debate over horses in sacrificial contexts, and shift focus away from the anthropocentric perspective that has dominated the subject. This study will discuss the archaeological and osteological finds in Scandinavia through a social zooarchaeological perspective, in an effort to offer a different perspective and to give agency to one animal that helped to shape our world.

The study of early Greek sacrificial rituals is an under-researched field, as previous scholarship has focused in Late Archaic and Classical Greece to understand and reconstruct Greek sacrifice. This thesis is an attempt to complement our knowledge of early Greek sacrificial practices, which are defined here as thysia, holocaust and moirocaust, focusing in the 8th and 7th century Peloponnese. To achieve this goal, all available archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence from the sanctuaries at Olympia, Isthmia, Nikoleika, Mt. Lykaion and Asea, is incorporated. It is argued that the reconstructed sacrificial norm of thysia is not reflected in the early Peloponnesian evidence and a re-evaluation of Greek sacrifice, at least for the Late Geometric–Early Archaic period, is suggested. The second aspect this thesis is to explore social competition in the given chronological and geographical framework through Greek sacrificial rituals. A new theory based on the notion of visibility is applied, according to which the sacrificer aims to promote themself and earn social capital through direct and indirect visibility achieved from the regular performance of sacrificial rites. It is suggested that the level of visibility in sacrifice is dependent on four parameters: sacrificial ritual and meals, sacrificial investment, sacrificial installation and the status of the sanctuary. / Tidig grekisk offerritual är ett understuderat område, då forskare framför allt fokuserat på det senarkaiska och klassiska Grekland för att förstå och rekonstruera grekisk offerpraktik. Denna uppsats är ett försök att utöka vår kunskap om tidiga grekiska offer, som här definieras som thysia, holokauster och moirokauster, med fokus på 700- och 600-talen på Peloponnesos. För att uppfylla detta syfte studeras all tillgängligt arkeologiskt och animalosteologiskt material från helgedomarna i Olympia, Isthmia, Nikoleika, Lykaionberget och Asea. Uppsatsen hävdar att den antagna normen för djuroffer i form av thysia inte återspeglas i det tidiga materialet från Peloponnesos och att det därför bör det ske en omvärdering av grekiskt offerbruk, åtminstone vad gäller den sengeometriska och tidigarkaiska perioden. Vidare utforskar uppsatsen hur social konkurrens uttrycktes genom offerritual inom samma period och geografiska område. Här appliceras en ny teori baserad på visibilitet. Enligt denna strävar den som offrar att framhäva sig själv och förvärva socialt kapital genom den direkta eller indirekta visibilitet som erhålls från att regelbundet genomföra offerritualer. Fyra parametrar avgör visibilitetens genomslagskraft: ritualen och de efterföljande måltiderna, investeringen i själva offret, installationer för offrets praktiska genomförande och helgedomens status.

On the Columbia Plateau, the origin of the Winter Village Pattern has long been a focus of research. Intensification of resources such as salmon, roots, and local aquatic resources is often cited as the cause of declining mobility. To address this question in the middle Snake River region, I have re-analyzed fish remains from the Hetrick site (10WN469; Weiser, ID), with occupations spanning the Holocene. Expectations from foraging theory and paleoclimate data are used to address whether salmon and other fish use changed over time and if such changes are correlated with the development of the Winter Village Pattern. The results of my research indicate that there is no correlation between the timing of increased salmonid use at the Hetrick site and paleoclimatic change or the earliest evidence for the Winter Village Pattern. Further, these results are very similar to patterns of fish use seen at other sites on the Snake River, particularly those from the Early and Middle Holocene.

Previous research in the Northern San Juan Region of the American Southwest has revealed a pattern of change in subsistence patterns from the Basketmaker II through Pueblo III periods. Jonathan C. Driver describes the pattern as: cottontail in Basketmaker III (500 to 750 CE) and Pueblo I (750 to 900 CE), deer in Pueblo II (900 to 1150 CE), and turkey in Pueblo III (1150 to 1350 CE). The transition from deer to turkey as the main subsistence has been recorded at several sites throughout the Northern San Juan Region and is thought to be caused by the overhunting of deer and increasing social strain. This combination is theorized to have caused the domestication of turkey as a last resort. Analysis conducted on faunal remains and eggshell recovered during excavation at Coal Bed Village by Brigham Young University et al. supports part of this pattern. Evidence of ritual display is evident in Basketmaker III and early Pueblo II contexts, with evidence of ritual or communal feasting in the early Pueblo II period. The rest of the assemblage appears to be domestic refuse. When compared to other large sites within the Montezuma Canyon, Coal Bed Village appears to have greater access to small artiodactyl throughout each of the periods. Contrary to expectations, adult turkey appears to have been eaten in the Basketmaker III, early Pueblo II, and Pueblo III periods. SEM analysis on turkey eggshell from each of these periods suggests that turkeys were domesticated since the Basketmaker III period, with the fresh eggs used as a protein supplement to the Puebloan diet throughout each of the periods. Changes to the amount of embryonic development suggest that, as the periods progressed, the Puebloans continued to use fresh eggs, but also increased the amount of eggs that developed to hatching.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la recherche zooarchéologique en Macédoine, dans le nord de la Grèce, s’est principalement concentrée sur des matériaux provenant de sites du Néolithique et de l’Âge du Bronze. Ainsi, les données disponibles rendent notre compréhension de l’élevage au premier âge du Fer et aux périodes archaïque et classique dans cette région assez fragmentaire. Cette recherche doctorale vise à combler ces lacunes, en étudiant — pour la première fois dans son ensemble — la question de l’élevage, un domaine crucial de l’économie primaire, en Macédoine du premier âge du Fer à l’époque classique. L’étude est basée sur des ensembles de données primaires de restes d’ossements animaux récupérés dans trois établissements bien fouillés, deux sur le continent (Argilos, Karabournaki) et un sur l’île de Thassos (Kastri). Les données analysées permettent d’explorer l’exploitation animale dans ces trois établissements, en étudiant la gestion des animaux, les techniques de cuisson de la viande et les stratégies de consommation et de rejet, après avoir reconstitué tous les modes de dépôt potentiels ayant abouti à la formation des assemblages. De plus, les données sont comparées aux données publiées pour la Grèce du Nord afin d’éclairer les particularités de chaque assemblage par rapport à la gestion de la faune domestique et sauvage. Les résultats permettent d'alimenter les discussions animées qu'ont déclenché de récentes analyses paléoenvironnementales et isotopiques sur la question de savoir dans quelle mesure l’environnement a affecté les stratégies d’élevage et d’alimentation des animaux dans cette région. Les stratégies de gestion des principaux animaux domestiques en Macédoine mises en évidence par ce travail suggèrent un profil plutôt hétérogène entre les établissements, très probablement en raison des différentes priorités économiques, conditions environnementales régionales et contraintes géomorphologiques. Il s'avère cependant que les besoins nutritionnels et en matières premières ont été complétés partout par l’exploitation de la faune sauvage, comprenant une variété d’espèces terrestres et marines. Des pratiques similaires d’élimination des carcasses et des déchets sont également attestées dans tous les sites, révélant des aspects de l’organisation intracommunautaire. De plus, durant l’ère archaïque et classique, les pratiques d’enterrement des animaux suggèrent l’existence de conceptions communes parmi les sociétés locales, sauf en matière de sacrifice rituelles, où il semble y avoir une différenciation marquée entre les divers groupes de population. Pour terminer, les résultats obtenus pour la Macédoine au cours des sept premiers siècles du premier millénaire avant J.-C. sont discutés dans le cadre plus vaste du bassin égéen. Ils contribuent ainsi à la discussion des problématiques actuelles, soit générales comme l'exploitation des ressources naturelles, la gestion des animaux, la mobilité de l'élevage, le degré d'intégration entre élevage et agriculture, soit spécifiques, comme la question du sacrifice olympique. / Over the past decades, the zooarchaeological research in the Macedonian region of Northern Greece, has mostly focused on materials from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites. Thus, the available data render our understanding of animal husbandry in the Early Iron Age, Archaic and Classical periods in this area rather fragmentary. This doctoral research aims to address these gaps, investigating – for the first time as a whole – the issue of animal husbandry, a crucial domain of the primary economy, in the region of Macedonia from the Early Iron Age to the Classical era. The study is based on primary datasets of animal bones remains recovered from three well- excavated settlements, two in the mainland (Argilos, Karabournaki) and one in the island of Thassos (Kastri). The analysed data provide an opportunity to explore the animal exploitation in these three settlements, investigating animal management; cooking techniques; consumption and discard strategies, having first disentangled all potential depositional pathways to the formation of the sample assemblage. Additionally, the data are compared to the available published data from the Macedonian region in order to enlighten the peculiarities of each assemblage in relation to the management of domestic and wild fauna. Moreover, relevant paleoenvironmental and isotopic analyses have triggered a vivid discussion regarding the extent to which the environment affected the animal herding and feeding strategies in this area. The management strategies of the main domestics in the area under study, suggest a rather heterogenous profile between the settlements, most probably due to the economic priorities, the regional environmental conditions, and the geomorphological restrictions. The nutritional and the raw material needs were complemented by the exploitation of the wild fauna, including a variety of both terrestrial and marine species. Similar carcass and discarding practices were observed within all settlements, revealing aspects of intra-communal organization. Moreover, during the Archaic and Classical era, common practices in animal burials suggest the existence of somehow common perceptions among the local societies, however, in terms of ritual sacrifices, seemed to be a distinct differentiation between the population groups. The results are discussed in the frame of the Aegean basin, contributing to the ongoing discussion regarding animal management, the mobility of livestock husbandry, the degree of integration between herding and arable farming, the Olympic sacrifice, and the exploitation of natural resources during the first seven centuries of the first millennium BC.