Yes / Irton Moor was excavated by Derek Simpson in 1973 but remained unpublished at the time of his death in 2006. Material from the excavation including a skeletal report and some publication drawings were located in DDAS’s archives and brought back to Bradford for archiving. Sufficient work had been done by DDAS to bring the report to publication though clearly the archive had suffered over the years. Irton Moor represents a small structured round cairn of the Early Bronze Age producing evidence for long-term occupation of the site from the Early Neolithic though this occupation does not appear to have been continuous. The cairn was used for Food Vessel and Collared Urn-associated cremations.

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of suction cup lysimeters (SCL) in extracting substrate solution from pine bark substrates. Lysimeter types tested were 4.8-cm diameter with a ½ or 1-bar air-entry value (AEV) and 2.2-cm diameter also with a ½ or 1-bar AEV. Sufficient volume could be obtained when a vacuum pressure of 30, 40 or 50 cb was applied to lysimeters with a minimum extraction time of five minutes. The 2.2-cm lysimeters were found to be suitable for extracting solution if smaller sample volumes were needed. To determine effect of vacuum pressure and extraction time on volume extracted, the 4.8-cm ½-bar lysimeters were installed in containers with pine bark substrate and Quercus phellos L. (willow oak) trees. Volumes extracted were somewhat erratic and not strongly dependent upon centibars of vacuum or extraction time. Lysimeters immersed in water demonstrated that variability was not due to individual lysimeters, but to the coarse nature of the pine bark substrate. Substrate EC levels were not affected when volume of substrate solution extracted by the SCL's varied from 10 to190 ml.â To determine the effectiveness of SCL's to monitor nutrient status of container-grown shade trees, two-year-old container-grown willow oak trees were grown in a pine bark substrate and fertilized with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 grams Osmocote Plus Northern (15N – 3.9P – 9.8K). Plant height and trunk diameter increased with up to 200 grams of Osmocote per container. There was a good relationship between solution EC and plant growth / Master of Science

College student alcohol use is a major public health concern in the United States due to high personal (e.g., risky sexual behavior, alcohol poisoning) and societal (e.g., driving under the influence) costs associated with this behavior. Drinking games have emerged as a significant influence on heaviness and frequency of college student drinking. The purpose of this study was to learn more about drinking games on college campuses using data from an intervention study targeting a primarily undergraduate student population of heavy drinkers. Specific research questions were: (1) What are the most common types of drinking games observed on a large state university campus?; (2) Are specific demographic and psychosocial variables related to playing drinking games and the choice of drinking game?; (3) Are there gender differences in drinking behavior?; (4) Are specific harmful behaviors (e.g., drunk driving) related to playing drinking games and the choice of drinking game? Research questions were addressed using a secondary data analysis conducted with baseline data from an intervention study targeting heavy drinkers using university health services at a large state university (n = 363; NIAAA grant #1 U18 2AA015673- 0l). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity, grade level, GPA), psychosocial data (church attendance, significant life event, stress level, depressed/hopeless, loss of pleasure) and harmful behaviors (fighting, not do homework, miss school or work, driven after 3 or more drinks, ridden with someone who drank 3 or more drinks, regrets) were collected using close ended items. Drinking game data were collected using a free response measure (respondents listed up to 5 drinking games they regularly played). Additionally, drinking behaviors (age first use alcohol, in high school how many days in 30 drink 4-5 drinks in a row, currently how many days in 30 drink 4-5 drinks in a row, in past 30 days greatest amount of drinks in a row, in typical week how many days drunk) were also collected using a free response measure. In preparation for data analysis, drinking game data were coded using 6 categories identified by Bosari, et al (2004; motor skills, verbal skills, gambling, media, team, consumption) and an additional category, board (board games). Research questions were addressed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests. The results of this study indicate that 7 6% of the respondents play drinking games. Of those who play drinking games motor skills games (Beer Pong 70.3%), gambling games (Circle of Death (34.8%), F*** the Dealer (14.5%), and A **hole (10.9%)), and team games (Flip Cup 38.8%) were the most common types of drinking games. Gender, age, educational year, and ethnicity were all associated with type of drinking game (p < .05). Depression and feelings of hopelessness lasting at least 30 days was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of involvement in consumption games and attending religious services was associated with a decreased likelihood of involvement in consumption games (p < .05). Harmful behaviors were significantly associated with participation in drinking games (p < .05). As freshman and younger persons were more likely than others to play the different types of drinking games and the five most popular drinking games tl\is places them at risk for accidents, injury or death. Colleges and Universities need to provide programs to incoming freshman educating them about the risks involved in heavy or frequent alcohol consumption. Additionally, "don't drink and drive" campaigns must become stronger and include a "don't ride with someone who is driving drunk" component because almost 60% of respondents have driven a motor vehicle after having 3 or more drinks and 71.4% have ridden in a motor vehicle with someone they knew had three or more drinks. Finally, as 25% of the respondents started drinking before the age of 15, early intervention is needed to educate children about alcohol and the risks of heavy and frequent drinking. An alcohol awareness program should be started for elementary school children in the same way stop smoking programs have been implemented at early ages.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thesis. (M. Tech. (Dept. Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences))--Vaal University of Technology, 2011. / The phenomenal growth of special events sponsorship as a promotional tool is evident in the increase in the number of companies and their expenditure on sponsoring events. Currently, football (for the purpose of this study, the term football and soccer are used interchangeably) has become the most heavily sponsored sport in terms of value and number of sponsorship deals. International events such as the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) World Cup™ and the Olympic Games are the biggest sporting events staged globally which makes them particularly lucrative for sponsor investment. The high media coverage and duration offers an ideal platform to create high brand awareness, consumer’s recall and recognition for the participating sponsors. The FIFA Soccer World Cup™ tournament with its huge audience is perhaps the premier place for companies to display their brands on an international stage. Millions of rands are spent on sponsorship in general every year and on sports sponsorship in particular. Yet little is known about the effectiveness of this expenditure. Sponsors are often unsure whether only their brands benefit from a sponsorship or whether competing brands in the same product category also benefit from their efforts. The primary objective of this study was to determine sponsorship effectiveness through consumers recall and recognition. In addition, the study sought to determine the perception of official sponsorship and ambush marketing during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. The event attracts billions of viewers and a huge number of companies associate their products with this event. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study. The data was collected using a convenience sample of 462 fans, supporters and followers of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup™ in Gauteng, South Africa. To determine sponsorship effectiveness, consumer-aided and unaided recall tests were conducted after the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in an attempt to quantify sponsorship recall of official and non-official responses In addition, the study sought to establish consumers’ perceptions of official sponsors and the purchase intentions of their products and brands. Finally, consumers perceptions towards unofficial (ambush marketers) sponsors were ascertained. The high frequency of inaccurate responses through unaided recall suggests that there was confusion in the minds of respondents regarding those who were official sponsors of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. This has serious implications for both marketers and sponsors as the effectiveness of sponsorship as a marketing communication tool comes into question. This may work to the advantage of ambush marketers who could effectively use the confusion in consumers’ minds to market their products and brands. Possible reasons for the inaccurate responses could be attributed to the fact that the World Cup™ is a once-off event that attracts individuals because of the novelty of the event and the multiple distractions that are associated with the event. The inaccurate responses may also have implications for future purchase intentions of the product since a recall level of awareness could be a determining factor in the purchase decision. This study revealed that sponsorship recall is enhanced by aided recall and prior knowledge of the sponsor. The responses with regard to aided recall suggest that consumers were able to recognise brands that were housed and marketed in South Africa. Brands such as Seara, Yingu Solar, Satyam, NeoAfrica, Aggreko and Prasa are relatively unknown brands in South Africa – therefore they were not easily recognised by the respondents. From a marketing perspective, the question arises whether it is feasible for foreign-based companies such as Emirates and Mahindra Satyam to invest in sponsorship ventures that are unlikely to achieve the desired results. These companies did not widely advertise in the local South African market. However, because the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ had a worldwide impact, this does not mean that global brands failed to achieve their objectives elsewhere in the world. In other words, they could have been playing to a much wider audience, in much stronger markets than that of the host country. An interesting revelation was that most consumers were able to recall brands that were global, mass-marketed and consumer-oriented such as Coca-Cola and McDonalds. This may partially be because during the event they were intensively engaged in advertising their sponsorship in the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. / Central Research Committee, Vaal University of Technology.

This research examines the U.S. media during the 1999 Women's World Cup from a feminist postcolonial standpoint. This research adds to current feminist scholarship on women and sports by de-centering the global North in its discourse. It reveals the bias of the media through the representation of the United States National Team as a universal "woman" athlete and the standard for international women's soccer. It further argues that, as a result, the Nigerian National Team was cast in simplistic stereotypes of race, class, ethnicity, and nation, which were often also appropriated and commodified. I emphasize that the Nigerian National Team resisted this construction and fought to secure their position in the global soccer landscape. I conclude that these biased representations, which did not fairly depict or value the contributions of diverse competing teams, were primarily employed to promote and sell the event to a predominantly white middle-class American audience. / by Michele Canning. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Master's thesis addresses the implementation of didactic tool to musical movement activities of preschool children in kindergarten with respect to the integrative nature of education. The first part of the thesis is covering theoretical side of the important aspects of child development at the age of five to six years. Further it deals with the specifics of the development of musicality in preschoolers, especially focusing on instrumental side of the music. It highlights the musical creativity that flows from the principles of Orff School. Musical creativity is one of the objective of the thesis second, practical part. Here thesis research music educational project whose main component is a methodical set Cup Song that contains suggestions for practical usage. Experiment, observation and structured interview are used as methods of research that is focused on verification of the Cup Song impact on a musical and personal development of the child. KEYWORDS Music, musical abilities, preschool age child, musical instruments, integration, project, Cup Song, instrumental activity, creativity, rhythm, song, experience, Orff School.

On associe à chaque variété algébrique définie sur R un complexe de cochaînes filtré, qui calcule la cohomologie à supports compacts et coefficients dans Z_2 de ses points réels. Ce complexe filtré est additif pour les inclusions fermées et acyclique pour la résolution des singularités, et est unique à quasi-isomorphisme filtré près. Il est représenté par la filtration duale de la filtration géométrique sur les chaînes semi-algébriques à supports fermés définie par McCrory and Parusiński, et induit une suite spectrale qui calcule la filtration par le poids sur la cohomologie à supports compacts. Cette suite spectrale est un invariant naturel qui contient les nombres de Betti virtuels. On montre que le produit cartésien de deux variétés nous permet de comparer le produit de leurs complexe de poids et suite spectrale respectifs avec ceux du produit, et on prouve que les produits cap et cup en cohomologie et homologie sont filtrés par rapport à ces filtrations par le poids réelles. / We associate to each algebraic variety defined over R a filtered cochain complex, which computes the cohomology with compact supports and Z_2-coefficients of the set of its real points. This filtered complex is additive for closed inclusions and acyclic for resolution of singularities, and is unique up to filtered quasi-isomorphism. It is represented by the dual filtration of the geometric filtration on semialgebraic chains with closed supports defined by McCrory and Parusiński, and leads to a spectral sequence which computes the weight filtration on cohomology with compact supports. This spectral sequence is a natural invariant which contains the additive virtual Betti numbers. We then show that the cross product of two varieties allows us to compare the product of their respective weight complexes and spectral sequences with those of their product, and prove that the cup and cap products in cohomology and homology are filtered with respect to the real weight filtrations.

Every year, about 1 million patients worldwide and 16000 patients in Sweden undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA). This surgical intervention is considered a successful, safe and cost-effective procedure to regain pain-free mobility and restore hip joint function in patients suffering from severe hip joint disease or trauma. Besides relieving the pain, restoration of biomechanical forces around the hip with appropriate femoral offset (FO), leg length and proper component position and orientation are important goals. The radiographic preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of these parameters require good validity, interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. It remains controversial as to how much postoperative leg length discrepancy (LLD) and FO change are acceptable. Generally, lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm and FO reduction of the operated hip &gt; 5mm should be avoided by using preoperative radiological templating and intraoperative measurement methods. There is no consensus on the association between LLD and FO and outcome after THA. The aims of this thesis were to: 1. To determine the influence of non-corrected LLD after THA on patients’ reported hip function and quality of life (QoL). 2. To study the association of global FO changes after THA with patients’ reported hip function, QoL and abductor muscle strength. 3. To evaluate the concurrent validity of the Sundsvall method of measuring postoperative global FO by comparing it to a standard method and to evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of measurement of postoperative global FO, LLD and acetabular cup inclination and anteversion. 4. To analyse the postoperative radiographs of THA patients with leg lengthening and FO reduction to determine whether the problem is located in the stem, cup or both. Study I: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis (OA), comparing patients with lengthening ≥ 10mm, restoration (between 9 mm lengthening and 5 mm shortening) or shortening &gt; 5 mm of the operated leg after THA. Follow up was 12–15 months. We found that a LLD of up to 20 mm did not influence the functional outcome (WOMAC) or QoL (EQ-5D). However, the lengthening group showed less improvement in WOMAC and more use of a shoe lift. Study II: A prospective cohort study of 222 patients with unilateral hip OA, comparing patients with decreased global FO (&gt; 5 mm reduction), restored FO (within 5 mm restoration), and increased FO (&gt; 5 mm increment) after THA. Follow up was was 12–15 months. The unadjusted results showed that the decreased FO group had a worse WOMAC index, less abductor muscle strength, and more use of walking aids. When these results were adjusted for possible confounding factors, only global FO reduction was statistically significantly associated with reduced abductor muscle strength. The incidence of residual hip pain and analgesics use was similar in the 3 groups. Study III: A prospective cohort study of 90 patients with primary unilateral OA treated with THA. Global FO using the Sundsvall method, global FO (standard method), LLD, acetabular cup inclination and anteversion were measured on postoperative radiographs. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using three independent observers. We found that the Sundsvall method is as reliable as the standard method and the evaluated radiographic measurement methods have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Study IV: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral primary OA treated with THA. LLD and global FO were measured on postoperative radiographs. Patients with lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm (n=41) and patients with reduction of global FO &gt; 5mm (n=58) were further studied to investigate the amount of lengthening and global FO reduction that took place in the stem and in the cup compared with the contralateral side. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using two independent observers. We found that post-THA lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm was mainly caused by improper placement of the femoral stem, whereas a decrease of global FO &gt; 5 was caused by improper placement of both acetabular and femoral components. The radiological measurement methods used showed substantial to excellent interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility and are therefore clinically useful. The main conclusions of this thesis are: LLD up to 20 mm and reduced global FO more than 5 mm did not influence the functional outcome or quality of life at 12–15 months postoperatively. Lengthening ≥ 10mm was associated with increased use of a shoe lift. A reduction of global FO more than 5 mm compared to the contralateral hip was associated with weaker hip abductor muscles and more use of walking aids. Therefore both should be avoided. The radiographic measurement methods of LLD, global FO, cup inclination and anteversion have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Lengthening of the operated leg is mainly caused by improper femoral stem positioning while global FO reduction results from improper positioning of both acetabular and femoral components. Surgeons should be aware of these operative pitfalls in order to minimize component malpositioning. / Varje år opereras ungefär 1 miljon patienter runt om i världen och 16000 patienter i Sverige med en total höftledsprotes (THA). Operation med höftledsprotes anses vara enav de mest framgångsrika, säkra och kostnadseffektiva kirurgiska åtgärderna med syfte att för att återställa livskvalité. Målet är att smärtlindra och återställa rörligheten i dendestruerade höftleden vid artros, reumatisk destruktion eller men efter exempelvis Perthes sjukdom. Vid operation med THA är det viktigt att återställa de biomekaniskakrafterna runt höftleden med en adekvat så kallad femoral offset (FO), postoperativ benlängdsskillnad (BLS) och ett tillfredsställande komponentläge. Den preoperativaplaneringen och den postoperativa bedömning av dessa parametrar kräver god tillförlitlighet, det vill säga validitet och reproducerbarhet både mellan olika bedömareoch vid upprepade mätningar av samma bedömare. Det är fortfarande inte klarlagt hur mycket postoperativ förändring i FO och BLS som är acceptabla. I dagsläget är detacceptabelt om den postoperativa benförlängningen understiger 1 cm och förändringen i FO är under 5 mm. Det finns ingen konsensus huruvida det föreligger ett sambandmellan BLS, FO och den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén efter THA. Syftet med denna avhandling var: 1. Att studera effekten av icke-korrigerad BLS efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén. 2. Att studera effekten av förändringen i FO efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktion, livskvalitén och muskelstyrka i abduktion. 3. Att utvärdera validitet och reliabilitet av en så kallad global FO genom att jämföra den med den gällande standard metoden samt studera tillförlitlighet av de radiologiskamätningar av postoperativa BLS, FO, cup inklination och anteversion efter THA. 4. Att radiologiskt undersöka i vilken av komponenterna (stam eller cup) somförändringen i FO och BLS verkar vara förlagd. Studie I: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de som fått en BLSförlängning över 10mm, återställning (mellan 9mm förlängning och 5mm förkortning) eller förkortning &gt;5mm av det opererande benet efter THA. Uppföljning gjordes 12-15månader postoperativt. Vi fann att BLS upp till 20mm påverkade inte höftfunktion (WOMAC) och livskvalité (EQ-5D), men den förlängda gruppen visade en mindreförbättring i WOMAC och rapporterade en mer frekvent användning av skoinlägg. Studie II: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 222 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de patienter medförminskad FO (&gt; 5mm minskning), återställd FO (inom 5mm) eller ökad FO (&gt;5mm ökning). Uppföljning genomfördes efter 1 år med WOMAC, styrkemätning av höftensabduktorer och en frågeformulär. En minskad FO var associerade med en minskad styrka i höftens abduktorer. Det var ingen skillnad mellan grupperna gällandekvarstående höftsmärta och användning av analgetika. Studie III: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 90 patienter som behandlats med THA på grund av primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättesglobala FO (Sundsvalls metodologi), globala FO (standard metod), BLS, cup inklination och anteversion. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes mellan treoberoende observatörer. Vi fann att global FO (enligt Sundsvalls metodologi) är lika tillförlitlig som den nuvarande standardmetoden och de utvärderade radiologiskamätmetoderna har hög validitet och reliabilitet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. Studie IV: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med en THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättes BLSoch globala FO. Patienter med förlängning ≥ 10mm (n=41) och patienter med minskning av globala FO &gt;5mm (n=58) studerades for att mäta förlängning ochglobala FO minskning som sitter i stammen eller i cup jämfört med kontralaterala sidan. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes av två oberoende observatörer. Vifann att en BLS över 10mm sitter framför allt i stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan en minskning i FO över 5 mm sitter i båda stam och cup. De radiologiska mätmetodernahar hög reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. De viktigaste slutsatserna i denna avhandling är: 1. BLS med en förlängning upp till 20 mm och en minskning av globala FO mer än 5 mm påverkar inte patientrapporterad höftfunktion eller livskvalitet 1 år postoperativt. 2. BLS med en förlängning mer än 9 mm var associerad med mer användning av skoinlägg. En minskad FO med mer än 5 mm jämfört med den icke opererade höftenvar associerad med en sämre muskelstyrka i abduktion och ökat användning av gånghjälpmedel. 3. De radiologiska mätmetoderna av BLS, FO, acetabulära komponentens inklination och anteversion har hög validitet och reliabilitet, vilket kan användas i klinisk praxis. 4. En förlängning av det opererade benet orsakas främst av en positioneringen av stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan förlust av FO beror på otillfredsställande placeringav både stam och den acetabulära komponenten. Kirurger bör vara medveten om dessa operativa fallgropar för att optimera det kirurgiska resultatet.