My thesis deals with the study of the age of the high performance of the socker teams at the World Cup and the European Championship from 1970 to 2007. I have garhered the dates of birth of the footballers who won the first, second and third place at these competitions. I have processed and evaluated these data by the computer programme Microsoft Excel. The results are transfered into the graphs and charts that show how the average age of the women´s and men´s footballers is growing up over the years from 1970 to 2007. The knowledge of the age of the high performance are needed for the planning of the sports training.

School attendance is an important part of socio-economic development. In South Africa school girls miss 25% of their education due to menstrual related issues. The menstrual cup is increasingly considered as a sustainable menstrual hygiene product for girls, and is included in programs for improving menstrual health. This study deals with menstruation in school environments focusing on a menstrual cup program in the North West province of South Africa. Twenty school girls have been interviewed about their thoughts and feelings of menstruation. Also investigated is how the menstrual cup relates to girls’ capabilities to attend school and what obstacles there are for girls’ school attendance. An intersectional phenomenological approach is used together with theories of stigmatization, capabilities and sexualization. The menstrual cup is shown as a way of avoiding the stigma as female students are teased about their menstruation when leaking due to insufficient menstrual hygiene products. Even though menstruation is considered normal, it should kept a secret, especially from boys. Girls’ capabilities improved as they were using the menstrual cup because they did not have to face the embarrassment of leakage. Economic capabilities are enhanced as the menstrual cup is distributed free of charge. Stigmatization and sexualization of menstruation and the female body is presented to affect how girls feel about their menstruation. Concludingly, the cup is not reducing the stigma but reducing the encountering of it. Social change regarding sexualization of women and stigmatization of female attributes must be done for the girls to have full human capabilities.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-14T11:52:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versão final SERGIO - modelo PROPAD1.pdf: 2274469 bytes, checksum: 2c3b81fadb1d5d7502e7574132baf1bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T11:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versão final SERGIO - modelo PROPAD1.pdf: 2274469 bytes, checksum: 2c3b81fadb1d5d7502e7574132baf1bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-25 / Tendo como pano de fundo a realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA no Brasil em 2014, esta tese busca refletir sobre as relações sociais pós-modernas a partir da postura imperial na economia contemporânea, buscando compreender a dinâmica das forças antagônicas e concomitantemente complementares que exercem os representantes do capital internacional, associado aos governos, numa situação de constante conflito com os organismos da sociedade civil que compõem a multidão. Estas observações se darão sob a lente da teoria do Império de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri. Contudo, visto a teoria ser bastante ampla, os dados não nos permitiram abordar todas as categorias teóricas desenvolvidas pelos autores. Assim, nós discorreremos apenas sobre as noções de soberania, produção imaterial, guerra e democracia. Para a análise dos dados, optamos pelo método arqueológico foucaultiano de análise do discurso, que é realizado em quatro etapas, quais sejam: definição dos enunciados, inferência das funções enunciativas, determinação das regras e construção das formações discursivas. / Against the backdrop of the implementation of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, this thesis seeks to reflect on the post-modern social relations from the imperial posture in the contemporary economy, seeking to understand the dynamics of the opposing forces and at the same time complementary representatives of international capital, associated with governments, in a situation of constant conflict with the civil society organizations that make up the multitude. These observations will be under the lens of the theory of Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. However, since the theory to be quite large, the data do not allow us to address all theoretical categories developed by the authors. So, we will discuss only on the notions of sovereignty, immaterial production, war and democracy. For data analysis, we chose the Foucauldian archaeological method of discourse analysis, which is conducted in four stages, namely: definition of statements, inference enunciative functions, determining the rules and construction of discursive formations.

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo principal investigar a cobertura da revista Placar a respeito da Seleção Brasileira, do São Paulo Futebol Clube e do Sport Club Corinthians Paulista no período de 1979 a 1984. Embasados por uma perspectiva gramsciniana, situamos a publicação esportiva como um aparelho privado de hegemonia responsável por estimular uma crise de hegemonia e instaurar um novo consenso no campo político e avaliamos as leituras do semanário sobre a participação brasileira na Copa da Espanha, a implantação de um modelo empresarial no tricolor paulista denominada de Revolução São-Paulina, assim como a trajetória percorrida pelo alvinegro paulista durante a Democracia Corintiana. Considerando as capas, as fotografias e os textos, procuramos resgatar a construção simbólica que o semanário fez a respeito do futebol, assim como a sua busca simultânea por resgatar o futebol-arte e modernizar a estrutura administrativa do esporte por meio da implantação da gestão empresarial. Portanto, a equipe verde amarela de 1982, apontada como representante-mor da união entre tradição e modernidade, deveria servir de referência para os clubes nacionais mesmo diante da derrota. Como portadores temporários do ethos nacional até a próxima Copa, caberia aos clubes garantirem o retorno da manifestação artística em campo que havia se perdido durante o regime militar (1964-1985) ao mesmo tempo em que tivessem que se adequar à lógica empresarial. O primeiro clube a ser escolhido como referência do futebol moderno pelo semanário foi o São Paulo, mas se ele possuía todos os elementos que permitissem reconhecê-lo enquanto exemplo de racionalização do esporte, faltava-lhe a emoção necessária para consolidar definitivamente esse projeto. Logo em seguida, o Corinthians é eleito como o novo representante capaz de unir o passado e o presente, pois era possuidor da alma que faltava ao clube do Morumbi. Com o início da Democracia Corintiana, Placar projetava sobre a equipe alvinegra as qualidades tradicionais do futebol-arte que deveriam ser resgatadas e as características modernas que seriam responsáveis por implantar em definitivo o conceito de futebol-empresa. Como representante da vanguarda que consolidaria essa proposta de reforma modernizadora, o periódico elegia Sócrates ídolo corintiano pois o atleta seria capaz de reunir os aspectos do passado e futuro e assim devolver a completude perdida do esporte nacional. Diante da saída do jogador para o futebol europeu, Placar veria o seu projeto político naufragar / This dissertation had, as the main objective, investigate the coverage of Placar Magazine on the Brazilian football team, São Paulo Futebol Clube and Sport Club Corinthians on the period from 1979 to 1984. According to the Gramsci perspective, we consider the sports publishing as a private apparatus of hegemony, responsible for stimulating an hegemony crisis and establish a new consensus in the political field, and we evaluate the point of view of the periodical about Brazilian participation in the Cup of Spain, the implementation of a business model in São Paulo Futebol Clube called Revolução São Paulina and the development of Democracia Corintiana. Considering the magazine covers, photographs and texts, we try to recover the symbolic construction made by the weekly publication about football, as well as its simultaneous pursuit of rescuing the concept of futebol-arte and modernize the administrative structure of the sport through the implementation of business management. Therefore, the Brazilian team of 1982, appointed as the most representative example of the union between tradition and modernity, was used as a reference for national clubs even after the defeat. As representatives of the national ethos until the next World Cup, those sport clubs were responsible to ensure the return of our national artistic expression that was lost during the military years (1964-1985) and at the same time they had to adjust their structure to the business logic. The first club to be chosen as an example of modern football by the magazine was São Paulo, but if it had all the elements that would allow to recognize it as a model of rationalization of sport, it lacked the excitement necessary to definitively consolidate the weekly project. After that, Corinthians was elected as the new representative, able to unite the past and present because it had the soul that was missing in São Paulo. With the beginning of Democracia Corintiana, Placar recognized in Corinthians, the traditional qualities of futebol-arte that should be rescued and the modern features that would be responsible for building the concept of futebol-empresa. As a representative of this kind of plan named reforma modernizadora, the newsletter selected Socrates a Corinthians idol - because the athlete would be able to bring together aspects of the past and future and thus restore the national identity. When the soccer player decided to go to European football, the magazine political project failed

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-11T20:23:53Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Valdenir Ribeiro Júnior - 2014.pdf: 1448512 bytes, checksum: 318b3171b4b9dbe4d3d79bea1af6ca77 (MD5) PARECER CONSUBSTANCIADO.pdf: 29881 bytes, checksum: a11bf6a7fd5e3fd476da07a1a90abf93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-11T20:32:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Valdenir Ribeiro Júnior - 2014.pdf: 1448512 bytes, checksum: 318b3171b4b9dbe4d3d79bea1af6ca77 (MD5) PARECER CONSUBSTANCIADO.pdf: 29881 bytes, checksum: a11bf6a7fd5e3fd476da07a1a90abf93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-11T20:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Valdenir Ribeiro Júnior - 2014.pdf: 1448512 bytes, checksum: 318b3171b4b9dbe4d3d79bea1af6ca77 (MD5) PARECER CONSUBSTANCIADO.pdf: 29881 bytes, checksum: a11bf6a7fd5e3fd476da07a1a90abf93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-19 / The purpose of this study was to compare the linear measurements of the optic disc cup, obtained by RTVue OCT with those obtained by Digital Retinography. It is a cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted at VER Hospital - Excellence in Ophthalmology. Was used images from digital retinography and OCT scans obtained by an RTVue device. In the color retinography, the greatest horizontal and vertical diameters of the optic disc from the inner edge of the Elschnig ring were obtained by a pachymeter with 0.01 mm. In OCT, the delineation of optic nerve was obtained automatically and from the results the horizontal and vertical diameters of the excavation were recorded. One hundred eyes of 100 subjects were included, with a mean age of 60.1 ± 15.7 years. Of these, 79 were of the right eye and 21 the left eye, 61 men and 39 women. It was found that the mean of the horizontal excavation obtained by the OCT was 0.91 ± 0.10, while that obtained by angiography was 0.79 ± 0.11 (p <0.01). It was concluded that there was no agreement between the evaluated methods to quantify the measurements of optic disc cup excavations. Measures obtained automatically by OCT RTVue of the OD were higher, but significantly correlated with measurements obtained manually by Digital Retinography. Poor agreement of the optic disc parameters between the two imaging devices was noted. / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas lineares da escavação do disco óptico, obtidas com o OCT RTVue com as obtidas pela Retinografia Digital. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo, conduzido no Hospital VER - Excelência em Oftalmologia. Utilizou-se imagens de retinografia digital e exames de OCT obtidos pelo aparelho RTVue. Na retinografia colorida, foram obtidos os maiores diâmetros horizontal e vertical do disco óptico, a partir da borda interna do Anel de Elschnig através de paquímetro com graduação de 0,01 mm. No OCT, a delineação do nervo óptico foi obtida automaticamente e a partir dos resultados foi registrado o diâmetro horizontal e vertical da escavação. Foram incluídos 100 olhos de 100 indivíduos, com idade média de 60,1 ± 15,7 anos. Desses, 79 foram do olho direito e 21 do olho esquerdo, sendo 61 homens e 39 mulheres. Verificou-se que as médias das escavações horizontais obtidas com o OCT foram de 0,91 ± 0,10, enquanto que as obtidas pela retinografia foram 0,79 ± 0,11 (p < 0,01). Conclui-se que não houve concordância entre os métodos avaliados para quantificar as medidas das escavações do DO. As medidas obtidas automaticamente pelo OCT RTVue do DO foram maiores, porém correlacionadas com as medidas obtidas manualmente pela Retinografia Digital. Além disso, notou-se fraca concordância nos parâmetros do disco óptico entre os dois dispositivos de imagens.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo central compreender a atuação do Estado em relação à moradia e o processo de luta e resistência frente às remoções e ameaças de remoção da população pobre de Fortaleza, em dois diferentes períodos: décadas de 1970 e 1980, momento da industrialização e da consolidação dos movimentos sociais urbanos e sua atuação para conquistar moradia e bens de consumo coletivo; e na segunda década dos anos 2000, com o anúncio da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. O megaevento expôs as ações do Estado, a realidade das comunidades ameaçadas de remoção e o surgimento de um novo movimento social que questiona as violações do direito à cidade em decorrência da Copa. Compreende-se que é em períodos de crescimento que se acirram as contradições, como será visto no decorrer do trabalho, ao analisar o período de desenvolvimento industrial, que atrelou política industrial à política habitacional, bem como o momento em que a cidade se prepara para sediar um megaevento com forte repercussão no mundo inteiro, o que gera grande visibilidade e, para isso, é necessário passar uma imagem de cidade em pleno desenvolvimento. A dissertação aborda ainda os processo de espoliação urbana e espoliação via acumulação que atinge a população pobre de Fortaleza e, a partir disso, questiona-se, frente à constante atuação do Estado em beneficiar certos setores da sociedade e repetidamente remover para áreas periféricas da cidade a população pobre, a quem de fato serve esse modelo de cidade. / From the conquest to resistance: World Cup, dwelling, removals and social movements in Fortaleza-CE. 206 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2015. This study aimed understand the role of the State in relation to housing and the process of struggle and resistance against the removal and threats of removal of the poor population in Fortaleza, in two different periods: the 1970s and 1980s, moment of the industrialization and of the consolidation of urban social movements and its operations to achieve housing and goods of collective consumption; and in the second decade of the 2000s, with the announcement of the FIFA World Cup 2014. The mega event exposed the State\'s actions, the reality of threatened removal communities and the emergence of a new social movement that questions the violations of the right to the city due to the Cup. It must be understood that is in periods of growth that the contradictions are intensified, as will be seen in the course of work, by analyzing the industrial development period, which binded industrial policy to the housing policy, and the time when the city prepares itself to host a mega event with strong repercussions worldwide, which creates great visibility and, therefore, it is necessary to present a city image in full development. The dissertation also discusses the process of urban despoliation and despoliation by the buildup that reaches the poor people in Fortaleza and, from this, inquire, facing the constant action of the State to benefit certain sectors of the society and repeatedly evict the poor people to outlying areas of the city, who actually serves this city model.

This research study investigated intangible assets generated by sport event hosting, specifically in relation to those industries that could influence the planning and leveraging of this alternate value source at Rugby World Cup (RWC) 2015 host destinations. The industries under scrutiny were sport, public sector and tourism, and the sampled host destinations were Cardiff, Exeter, Brighton and Gloucester. The objectives of this thesis were threefold: (1) to respond to the lack of knowledge around the collaborative roles of sport, public sector and tourism organisations in sport event planning, (2) to pioneer representational capital, a concept that looks to examine the input of those pinpointed planners in the identification and valuation of intangible opportunities generated by hosting RWC 2015 fixtures, (3) to probe planning discourse for examples of leveraging representational capital. Expert opinions were captured from executive-level RWC 2015 planners, and supported by secondary data analysis. The findings showed that public sector and sport organisation planning representatives were key RWC 2015 planners and that tourism planners, at a destination level, were not key collaborators in central planning forums, but collaborated extensively with national and international tourism organisations on RWC 2015 planning matters. Additionally, the analysis uncovered that representational capital was predominantly made-up of three key intangible asset areas: destination image, exposure and reputation. Indeed, these intangible areas were recognised and valued by all three industries, but the data analysis indicated that the levels of collaboration between the sampled planning industries did not translate into collectively leveraging representational capital. Moreover, one of the main breakthroughs from this investigation was identifying the interconnected nature of a range of intangible assets in generating greater value, i.e. increasing representational capital available to planners. Representational capital was found to have a strong connection throughout the leveraging process, in terms of the maximisation strategy and planned outputs in RWC 2015 planning, further supporting the study project objective of investigating the intangible in relation to sport events.

Litteratur visar på att bysthållare (BH) är ett mycket komplext plagg och endast småjusteringar kan förändra passformen. I denna studie har BH konstruerats med syfte attundersöka vad olika avskärningar över kupan gör med passformen. På modeföretaget därstudien utförts fanns det ett önskemål om bra BH-grunder som underlag för att undvika attleverantören gör konstruktionerna, då måttlista och skiss inte anses som tillräckligt braunderlag att skicka. Genom att själva göra konstruktionerna anser sig företaget få merkontroll över BH:ns passform. Konstruktionerna i denna studie har utvecklats i CADprogramvaranModaris. Detta följt av uppsömnad och avprovning, där BH:arna testas påolika provmodeller med mått motsvarande företagets målgrupp. Under avprovningarna haravprovningsprotokoll förts, där frågor relaterade till litteraturen ställs till de medverkande.Det visar sig att passformen förändras när avskärningen gör det. Detta på grund av attfördelningen av vidden ändras, vilket innebär att kupan får en ny form. För att undvikapassformsproblem på företag kan en idé vara att utveckla ett flertal olika grundkonstruktionermed olika avskärningar, så att endast mindre justeringar krävs, och färre justeringar behövsgöras från grunden. / Literature shows that bras are a very complex piece of clothing and only small adjustmentscan change the fit. In this study, bras has been constructed with the purpose to examine whatdifferent cuts on the bras cup make with the fit. The fashion brand where this study has beenperformed, wanted a basic pattern for bras, since communication with vendors using onlysketches and measurement lists was not enough to get a good result. The patterns in thisstudy have been developed in CAD software Modaris. This followed by sewing and fittingsessions on fitting models with body measurement corresponding to the brands target group.During the fittings, a protocol related to literature is written. After analysing the fit of thebras, it came to show that shape is changed even though the width of the cup is the same.This is because the width is divided differently which gives the cup a new shape. To avoidfitting problems it could be a good idea that companies have more than one basic pattern forbras with different cuts to base their models on, to decrease the proportion of major fittingchanges.

This research interrogates South Korean women’s gender, ethnic and national identity construction revealed through sport spectacle. Two phases of the interviews were conducted for the research: focus group interviews during the 2004 Athens Olympics and individual interviews between March and April 2005, the period of the final qualifying stage for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Newspaper extracts on the Olympics and the football matches were presented in the interviews. The analysis of the women’s identity construction was contextualized in relation to South Korea’s socio-cultural, historical and political networks. Globalisation provides the overall framework for the research. Globalisation has dramatically transformed the way people construct their relations to themselves, others and their nation. The research explored how the interviewed women produced and reproduced the meanings and values of the sport events and sport games in search for a sense of security and certainty in the ever-shifting global context. Their struggles to ‘live’ in the new social milieu, a process of reterritorialisation, were also analysed. Moreover, the women’s relationships with North Korea were examined based on the concepts of the ethnic identity and also of the nation as a historical community with shared culture, tradition and history. Although infamously labeled internationally as part of the ‘axis of evil’, North Korea provided a source of ambiguous identity to the interviewees. The women’s perceptions of Japan, South Korea’s old enemy, were also investigated around the themes of postcolonial identities. In addition, the research demonstrated the women’s gendered perceptions of sportswomen and sportsmen and an idea of nationhood represented by them.

This study aims to relate two peculiar events that marked the history of Brazil in relation to football: The 1950 and 2014 World Cup. The only two events held in Brazil were characterized by great preparation of the event infrastructure and enormous expectations of the crowd by winning the title, but it was not what happened. The two Brazilian Cups have been characterized by two very significant losses, the Maracanaço and Mineiraço, these were compared by fans and media and regarded as the worst defeats of the Brazilian team. To understand this problematic we carried out a Virtual Ethnography in Twitter platform in order to verify what users were commenting on the particular subject, as well as research in newspaper archives available online to also observe how the media have related these two Brazilian losses Thus, it was possible to understand with Maracanaço (1950) was gaining new meanings and updated with the new Brazilian defeat in 2014, the Mineiraço. / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade relacionar dois eventos peculiares que marcaram a história do Brasil em relação ao futebol: A Copa de 1950 e a de 2014. Os dois únicos eventos sediados no Brasil foram marcados pela grande preparação da infraestrutura do evento e enorme expectativa da torcida pela conquista do título, porém não foi o que aconteceu. As duas Copas do Brasil foram caracterizadas por duas derrotas muito significativas, o Maracanaço e o Mineiraço, essas que foram comparadas pelos torcedores e mídias e tidas como as piores derrotas da seleção brasileira. Para compreender essa problemática realizou-se uma Etnografia Virtual na plataforma Twitter com o objetivo de verificar o que os usuários estavam comentando sobre o determinado assunto, assim como, uma pesquisa nos acervos de jornais disponibilizados da forma online para também observar como as mídias relacionaram essas duas derrotas brasileiras. Assim, foi possível compreender com o Maracanaço (1950) foi ganhando novos significados e reatualizado com a nova derrota brasileira em 2014, o Mineiraço.