Yes / This study was a qualitative case study underpinned by “The Silences Framework” aimed at mapping the ex-offender health pathway towards identifying “touch points” in the community for the delivery of a nurse-led intervention. Participants meeting the study inclusion criteria were quantitatively ranked based on poor health. Participants scoring the lowest and endorsing their ranking through a confirmation of a health condition were selected as cases and interviewed over 6 months. Individuals in the professional networks of offenders contextualized emergent themes. The study indicated that pre-release, offenders were not prepared in prison for the continuity in access to healthcare in the community. On release, reintegration preparation did not routinely enquire whether offenders were still registered with a general practitioner or had the agency to register self in the community. Participants identified the site of post-release supervision as the “touch point” where a nurse-led intervention could be delivered.

The Affordable Care Act expanded insurance coverage to the general population; however, expanding insurance coverage to immigrants might not be sufficient to improve utilization of annual physical preventive exams. This study evaluated adult Michigan immigrants' individual demographics, perceptions, and behaviors, as well as the collective cultural and system characteristics that might act as barriers to the utilization of annual physical preventive exams. Ken Wilber's integral operating system model for medicine conceptual framework was used to create a comprehensive map of factors and bring more clarity and understanding to the barriers to annual physical preventive exam. The quantitative survey was the best approach for this study because of the large numbers of explanatory independent variables identified in the literature review. Snowball sampling was used to increase the credibility of this research by involving different immigrant communities and reaching large numbers of immigrants. Descriptive results indicate immigrants' barriers revolve around difficulty accessing health care and the cultural competency of the health care provider. Logistic regression analysis found that immigrants who are stressed and worried, self-employed, and middle class are less likely to utilize annual physical preventive exams. This study could be a force for social change by promoting healthy behaviors and encouraging immigrants to use annual physical preventive exam to reduce the occurrence of chronic conditions and increase life satisfaction in the community.

Les liens entre migration et santé sont complexes et les données épidémiologiques sont rares en France et en Guyane. D'une part, la santé peut être un déterminant de la migration et d'autre part la migration peut affecter la santé de ceux qui émigrent.Cette thèse s'appuie sur les résultats de plusieurs enquêtes épidémiologiques conduites en 2009 en Guyane. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de mesurer le poids de la santé parmi l'ensemble des déterminants des migrations vers ce territoire et d'analyser l'état de santé et le recours aux soins des populations en fonction de leur statut migratoire. Nous avons mis en évidence que certaines caractéristiques des immigrés (leur pays d'origine), du processus migratoire (la durée de résidence en Guyane) ou des conditions d'accueil en Guyane (le statut juridique sur le territoire français et le statut socio-économique) sont des facteurs qui modulent leur état de santé. Nos résultats sont en faveur de l'hypothèse du " healthy migrant effect ", suggérant que les migrants arrivent sur le territoire en relativement bonne santé. Les personnes en situation irrégulière semblent être les plus vulnérables en matière de santé et cumulent des difficultés d'accès aux soins. Nos résultats montrent enfin que les migrations pour soins ne représentent qu'une minorité des mouvements migratoires vers la Guyane (3,1%). Les politiques de santé publique en Guyane ne semblent pas répondre aux enjeux - ni actuels ni futurs - des besoins de santé et de soins des migrants. De part ses caractéristiques, la Guyane pourrait être un terrain d'expérimentation en matière de politique de santé publique à destination des migrants. / The links between migration and health are intricate and the epidemiological data are scarce in France and French Guiana. On the one hand, health can be a decisive element for migration and on the other hand migration can affect the health of those who emigrate. This thesis relies on the results coming from different epidemiological surveys led in 2009 in French Guiana. The aim of this research was to estimate the burden of health-related determinants among those of immigration to French Guiana and to analyze the populations? health status and their access to healthcare according to their migratory status. We found that some immigrants? characteristics in terms of demographics (their native country), migratory process (duration of residence in French Guiana) and hosting conditions provided by French Guiana (the legal status and their socio-economic conditions inside the French territory) were as many factors which do modulate their health status. Our results support the hypothesis of a « healthy migrant effect » and suggest that the immigrants are relatively healthy when they reach the territory. Illegal immigrants appeared to be not only the most vulnerable healthily speaking, but also those who struggled the most to get access to healthcare. Finally our results show that migrations for health care reasons represent only a minority of the migration flows towards French Guiana (3.1%). Healthcare policies in French Guiana do not address properly the present and future challenges of migrants? health and healthcare needs. Considering its particular feature, French Guiana could be a suitable land of experiments for public health policies dedicated to immigrants.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

The purpose of this thesis is to understand the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the right tohealth for female refugees living in Athens. The paper is based on data derived from semi-structured interviews with female refugees and aid-workers working on the field in Athens. The interviews are complemented with a field study as a participant observer in a small school run by an NGO in Athens. The theoretical framework for the analysis of the empirical data is social exclusion.The conclusion is that the covid-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the right to health for female refugees living in Athens. Covid-19 restrictions and regulations are keeping people without papers out from the health care system and making it harder for approved refugees to get health care. Refugee women are experiencing extra difficulties through the restrictions, due to intersectional discrimination of gender and race of the host society and through traditional gender roles within their culture. Refugees access to social networks has decreased, especially the possibility to get help from NGO:s that are dependent on private funding, which has decreased incident to the pandemic. NGO:s also had to shut down the social parts of their work due to lockdowns. This has increased social isolation and made mental health problems and poverty worse. Some NGO:  s has restrictions about vaccines or negative covid-tests which have an impact on refugees without possibility to get vaccinated or tested. The pandemic has also increased racism towards refugees and enhanced the possibilities of abuse of power from the police.

No description available.

A intensificação do debate sobre a epidemia de DST/aids na população negra, trazida por entidades da sociedade civil na última década, aparece na esteira da recente sistematização de políticas voltadas para a saúde desta população. O objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer a avaliação que o movimento social negro do ABC paulista tem sobre as condições de vulnerabilidade em relação às DST/aids vividas pelos cidadãos negros da região. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, construído com base em entrevistas individuais em profundidade com lideranças diversas deste movimento. A representatividade dos entrevistados foi ancorada no conceito de Luta por Reconhecimento e a estrutura das entrevistas foi organizada a partir do conceito teórico orientador de todo o trabalho que é o conceito de Vulnerabilidade. A construção e interpretação das entrevistas foram apoiadas em uma concepção de linguagem entendida como desveladora de processos de interação a partir do cotejo de duas tradições filosóficas principais: o materialismo histórico dialético e a hermenêutica. As avaliações dos entrevistados sobre as três dimensões de vulnerabilidades vivenciadas pelos negros em relação às DST/aids, produziram um quadro no qual diversas situações cotidianas são relatadas e discutidas. No plano institucional, três grupos centrais de problemas foram levantados: as condições de atendimento nos serviços de saúde; a atuação do Estado sobre as condições de iniquidade e a relação do Estado com o movimento social. Em relação às vulnerabilidades sociais, foram destacadas as desigualdades sócio-econômicas entre negros e não-negros e suas consequências, que incluem a persistência de baixa escolaridade, precarização das moradias, fixação da população negra para a periferia das áreas urbanas, barreiras à ascensão social, desigualdades sociais em saúde e a persistência da discriminação racial nas relações sociais. Em relação às vulnerabilidades individuais, os entrevistados relataram algumas de suas vivências pessoais e familiares em que sobressaem os sentimentos de insegurança e desrespeito trazidos pela tensão da discriminação racial, o que tem implicações não apenas morais, mas manifesta-se também no modo como os sujeitos vivenciam, apreendem e lidam com os aspectos dos demais planos de vulnerabilidade, acima citados. Os entrevistados apontaram, ainda, alternativas de reconstrução prática com potencial de redução do impacto da vulnerabilidade para a aids entre os brasileiros negros / The intensified discussion about the STD/AIDS epidemic among black population, brought about by civil society organizations in the last decade, appears in the wake of recent policies aimed at health of this population. The objective of this study was to explore the assessment that the black social movement in the ABC region (State of SP) make about vulnerability conditions regarding STD/AIDS experienced by black citizens from the region. This is a qualitative study, built on individual in-depth interviews with several leaders of this movement. Representativeness of respondents was based on the concept of \"Struggle for Recognition\", and the structure of the interviews on the theoretical concept of Vulnerability that guided the whole work. The structure and interpretation of interviews were backed by designing a language understood as unfolding processes of interaction based on confrontation of two major philosophical traditions: historical dialectical materialism and hermeneutics. The evaluations of the respondents about the three dimensions of vulnerability experienced by brazilian blacks in relation to STD/AIDS, resulted in a framework in which many daily situations are reported and discussed. At institutional level, three core groups of issues were raised: the conditions of care in health services, State action concerning inequity conditions and the relation between the State and social movements. As to social vulnerabilities, socioeconomic inequalities and their consequences were highlighted between blacks and non-blacks, including persistence of low schooling, precarious housing, setting the black population in the periphery of urban areas, barriers to social mobility, health inequalities and persistence of racial discrimination in social relations. In relation to individual vulnerabilities, respondents reported some of their personal and family experiences that stress feelings of lack of confidence and disrespect due to tension resulting from racial discrimination, which has moral implications and also manifests in how the subjects experience, perceive and deal with vulnerability aspects at other levels, as mentioned above. Yet, the interviewees pointed out practical reconstruction alternatives with potential to reduce the impact of vulnerability to AIDS among black Brazilians

Depuis le début des années 2000, les familles constituent une part croissante de la population sans logement en France. Malgré ces évolutions, il n’existait pas en 2012, d’étude sur les familles sans logement, leurs conditions de vie, leur état de santé et leur recours aux soins. Ce travail est la première recherche en géographie de la santé sur les familles sans logement en France et s’inscrit dans le cadre de la première enquête sur les enfants et familles sans logement en Ile-de-France, menée par l’Observatoire du Samusocial de Paris. Il interroge les pratiques spatiales de recours aux soins vers les professionnels de santé des enfants âgés de 0-5 ans. Des premières observations indiquaient que la distance entre l’hébergement des familles et le professionnel consulté était importante malgré leurs difficultés de déplacements. D’après les associations, leurs conditions de prise en charge causeraient des mobilités quotidiennes et résidentielles éprouvantes. L’attribution d’hébergement dans des zones géographiques isolées des pôles associatifs et sanitaires et les déménagements fréquents d’un hébergement à un autre sont désignés, comme des obstacles à l’accès et l’accessibilité aux soins. L’objectif est de comprendre les déplacements sanitaires des familles en étudiant leurs mobilités résidentielles et quotidiennes et en tentant de replacer le recours aux soins dans le contexte spatial de leurs espaces d’activités. Les résultats confirment que le professionnel de santé de proximité n’est pas privilégié et que les conditions de prise en charge des familles, associée à leurs parcours de vie et leurs particularités sociodémographiques sont déterminantes. / Since the beginning of the 2000s, families have made up a growing part of the homeless population in France. Despite these changes, there was no study in 2012 on homeless families, their living conditions, and their state of health and their use of care. This work is the first research in health geography on homeless families in France and is part of the first survey on homeless children and families in Ile-de-France, conducted by the Samusocial Observatory from Paris. It questions the spatial practices of use of care from health professionals for children aged 0-5. Initial observations indicated that the distance between families’ accommodation and the professional consulted was large, despite their locomotion difficulties. According to the associations, their conditions of care would cause daily and difficult residential mobility. The allocation of accommodation in isolated geographical areas of the associative and health centers and frequent moves from one accommodation to another are designated as obstacles to access and accessibility to care. The goal is to understand families’ health travels by studying their residential and daily mobility and trying to place the use of care in the spatial context of their activity space. The results confirm that the local health professional is not preferred and that families’ conditions of care, associated with their life course and socio-demographic characteristics, are crucial.

Au niveau déclaratif, l’État gabonais montre son engagement à garantir et à protéger la vie des populations au moyen d’une politique de santé cohérente. Toutefois, la question de l’égalité face aux soins reste entière au Gabon. Elle suscite les interrogations de la population et des acteurs de santé. La recherche menée dans le cadre de cette thèse a donc des implications pratiques. Il est question d’un contexte de carence de l’offre publique de santé, aggravé par l’existence des pratiques non professionnelles, dominée par la quête du profit. Notre étude se propose d’analyser les dispositifs d’accès aux soins afin de mieux comprendre les raisons de leur fragilité. Cette thèse mobilise l’outillage méthodologique et conceptuel de la sociologie pour offrir une analyse fine de l’écart entre la stratégie politique de santé et les pratiques de santé telles que la médecine de classe et la marchandisation des soins au Gabon. Ce pays d’Afrique central est d’autant plus intéressant à étudier qu’il permet de relativiser les approches qui se fixent uniquement sur la dimension économique du problème. En effet, le Gabon est un pays relativement riche. Or, l’égalité face à l’accès aux soins bien que décrétée officiellement est loin d’être effective / At the declarative level, the Gabonese State demonstrates its commitment to guarantee and protect the lives of people through a coherent health policy. However, the issue of equality in healthcare remains unresolved in Gabon. It raises questions from the population and health actors. The research conducted in this thesis has practical implications. It is a question of a context of deficiency of the offer of public health, aggravated by the existence of the non-professional practices, dominated by the quest for profit. Our study analyzes access to healthcare devices in order to better understand the reasons for their fragility. This dissertation mobilizes the methodological and conceptual tools of sociology to offer a fine analysis of the gap between the political strategy of health and health practices such as class medicine and the merchandising of healthcare in Gabon. This country of Central Africa is all the more interesting to study as it allows to relativize the approaches which are fixed only on the economic dimension of the problem. Indeed, Gabon is a relatively rich country. However, equality with regard to access to healthcare, although officially decreed, is far from being effective

Orientador: João Luiz Carvalho Pinto e Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EspejoCarvacho_IngriddeLourdes_D.pdf: 310301 bytes, checksum: ecf2c9b4bc1df26da82cdcdcd868f818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Para o Brasil, assim como para outros países, o índice crescente de gravidez na adolescência representa um problema social e de saúde pública devido às repercussões orgânicas, psicológicas e sociais que a gravidez acarreta nesta faixa etária. São vários e complexos os fatores etiológicos envolvidos no fenômeno. Entre eles, a literatura aponta a desinformação das adolescentes sobre o funcionamento do corpo e a falta de acesso aos serviços de saúde, onde as adolescentes são alvo de ações educativas e preventivas apropriadas. Este estudo de corte transversal teve como objetivos verificar o uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e a intenção reprodutiva, avaliar o conhecimento sobre o aparelho genital feminino e alguns aspectos da fisiologia da reprodução, bem como o acesso aos serviços de saúde entre adolescentes gestantes atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde do Município de Indaiatuba, através de metodologia quantitativa. Foram entrevistadas individualmente 200 adolescentes primigestas no momento de sua primeira consulta de pré-natal, aplicando-se um questionário (pré-testado) com perguntas abertas e fechadas relativas às características sociodemográficas das adolescentes, intenção reprodutiva, uso de métodos anticoncepcionais na primeira relação sexual e antes de engravidar, identificação, localização e função dos órgãos genitais femininos, barreiras de acessos geográfico, econômico, administrativo, psicossocial e à informação, ao serviço de saúde. Na análise descritiva univariada dos dados foram utilizados a distribuição de freqüência absoluta e índices percentuais; na análise bivariada foi aplicado teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher, e, na multivariada, regressão logística para analisar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e reprodutivas e o conhecimento e acesso a serviços de saúde. O conhecimento das adolescentes foi avaliado através da elaboração de três indicadores: anatomia, fisiologia dos órgãos genitais e fisiologia da reprodução, e o acesso ao serviço de saúde através de cinco indicadores de acessos: geográfico, econômico, administrativo, psicossocial e à informação. Concluiu-se que o uso de métodos anticoncepcionais é descontínuo e que a gravidez não foi programada na maioria dos casos. O conhecimento sobre os órgãos genitais femininos foi insatisfatório, principalmente os conceitos fisiológicos da reprodução. A idade e escolaridade das adolescentes, a religião, idade dos parceiros, a diferença de idade do casal e o vínculo com o parceiro após a gravidez associaram-se aos indicadores de conhecimento. Entre as barreiras de acesso ao serviço de saúde foram consideradas significativas apenas as barreiras de natureza psicossocial. A escolaridade, o trabalho, a idade dos parceiros e o vínculo com o parceiro associaram-se com o acesso ao serviço de saúde em suas diversas dimensões. Há a necessidade de novas estratégias para facilitar o acesso ao serviço de saúde pelas adolescentes e que minimizem as barreiras de gênero, respeitem a autonomia das adolescentes e considerem as características e o vínculo com seus parceiros / Abstract: In Brazil, as in other countries, high adolescent pregnancy rates represent a significant social and public health problem due to the organic, psychological and social repercussions of pregnancy in this age group. Several complex etiological factors are involved in this phenomenon. Of these, previous studies have reported misinformation regarding the functioning of the adolescent¿s own body and difficult access to health services where appropriate educational information is provided and preventive actions are implemented. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prior use of contraceptive methods, reproductive intentions, and the knowledge among pregnant adolescents seeking healthcare at a basic health center in the municipality of Indaiatuba with respect to the female genital organs, some aspects of reproductive physiology and the adolescents¿ perception of healthcare access. Quantitative methodology was used in the data analysis. Two hundred primigravidae were interviewed individually at the time of their first prenatal consultation. A pre-tested questionnaire was applied, containing both open and closed questions regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents, their reproductive intentions, use of contraceptive methods during first sexual intercourse and prior to becoming pregnant, identification, localization and function of the female genital organs, geographical, economical, administrative and psychosocial barriers, as well as information barriers to health services. Absolute frequency distribution and percent index were used in the univariate descriptive data analysis. Pearson¿s chi-squared test or Fisher¿s exact test were used in the bivariate descriptive analysis, and logistic regression was used in the multivariate analysis to analyze the association between sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and knowledge and access to health services. The adolescents¿ knowledge was evaluated by elaborating three indicators: anatomy, physiology of the genital organs and reproductive physiology. Access to health services was evaluated in 5 categories: geographic, economic, administrative, information and psychosocial. Our results show that use of contraceptive methods is sporadic and in most cases the pregnancy was not planned. Knowledge regarding the female genital organs is insufficient, principally with respect to concepts of reproductive physiology. The age and education level of the adolescents, religion, age of partners, age difference within the couple, and the bond with partner after the pregnancy were associated with indicators of knowledge. The only barriers to access to health services that were considered significant were those of a psychosocial nature. Education level, age of partner, bond with partner and employment were, in their individual dimensions, associated with access to health services. There is a need for new strategies to make access to health services easier for adolescents, minimizing gender barriers, respecting the autonomy of the adolescents and taking the characteristics of their partners and the relationship between the adolescents and their partners into consideration / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Tocoginecologia