The objective of this thesis was to examine the role of ps20 in virus infections. We provide evidence that MHV-1 infection resulted in increased lung viral titers in ps20-/- mice. These data highlight an antiviral role for ps20 in MHV-1 infection. We also observed an increase in the percentage of GR1+ neutrophils infiltrating the BAL and in the lung draining lymph node of ps20-/- mice, on day 2 post-infection. In vitro, gene expression analysis identified an increase in expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in MHV-1 infected ps20-/- fibroblasts. These data suggest a role for ps20 in regulating neutrophil chemotactic factors, and migration. Next, we examined influenza A/WSN/33, and provide evidence that ps20 functions as a proviral factor. In vivo, ps20-/- mice infected with influenza A/WSN/33 exhibited decreased lung viral titers. These data suggest that ps20 functions as either a proviral or antiviral agent, dependent on the infecting virus.

Sludge management is one of the most difficult and expensive problems in wastewater treatment plant operation. Consequently, &amp / #8216 / sludge minimization&amp / #8217 / concept arose to solve the excess sludge production by sludge pretreatment. Sludge pretreatment converts the waste sludge into a more bioavailable substrate for anaerobic digestion and leads to an enhanced degradation. The enhanced degradation results in more organic reduction and more biogas production. Therefore, sludge pretreatment is a means of improving sludge management in a treatment plant. Among pretreatment methods, acidic pretreatment has been subject of limited successful studies reported in the literature. On the contrary / ultrasonic pretreatment was reported as an effective pretreatment method. Main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of these two pretreatment methods and their combination in order to achieve a synergistic effect and improve the success of both pretreatment methods. Experimental investigation of pretreatment methods consists of preliminary studies for deciding the most appropriate pretreatment method. Anaerobic batch tests were conducted for optimization of the parameters of selected method. Finally, operation of semi-continuous anaerobic reactors was to investigate the effect of pretreatment on anaerobic digestion in details. Preliminary studies indicated that, more effective pretreatment method in terms of solubilization of organics is ultrasonic pretreatment. Fifteen minutes of sonication enhanced 50 mg/L initial soluble COD concentration up to a value of 2500 mg/L. Biochemical methane potential tests indicated that the increased soluble substrate improved anaerobic biodegradability concurrently. Finally, semi-continuous anaerobic reactors were used to investigate the efficiency of pretreatment under different operating conditions. Results indicate that at SRT 15 days and OLR 0.5 kg/m3d ultrasonic pretreatment improved the daily biogas production of anaerobic digester by 49% and methane percentage by 16% and 24% more volatile solids were removed after pretreatment. Moreover, even after pushing reactors into worse operating conditions such as shorter solids retention time (7.5 days) and low strength influent, pretreatment worked efficiently and improved the anaerobic digestion. Finally cost calculations were performed. Considering the gatherings from enhancement of biogas amount, higher methane percentage and smaller amounts of volatile solid disposal from a treatment plant / installation and operation costs of ultrasound were calculated. The payback period of the installation was found to be 4.7 years.

<p>The local corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS)is affected by a wide variety of factors. Localized corrosionof DSS frequently starts at micrometer scale inclusions orprecipitates, which are often segregated in theaustenite-ferrite boundary regions. Moreover, due to thepartitioning of the key alloying elements of ferrite (Cr andMo) and austenite (N and Ni), the local interactions betweenthe phases must also be considered.</p><p>The aim of this doctoral study was to increase the knowledgeabout the local dissolution behavior of DSS in acidic-chlorideenvironments. The recent developments of new local probingtechniques have opened a new frontier in corrosion science,providing valuable local information not accessible in thepast. The local techniques used include electrochemicalscanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), scanning probe forcemicroscopy (SKPFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), andscanning Auger electron Spectroscopy (SAES), all withmicrometer or sub-micrometer resolution.</p><p>With EC-STM, it was possible to monitor local dissolutionprocesses on DSS in situ, and in real time. MFM was capable ofimaging the phase distribution in DSS without the need of thetraditional surface etching, while SKPFM revealed that theVolta potential difference between the two phases wasmeasurable and significant. SAES showed that the compositiongradient at the phase boundaries is narrower than 2µm.</p><p>Different types of DSSs have been studied, from low-alloyedDSS to superduplex. Higher contents of Cr, Mo and Nstrengthened both phases as well as the phase boundaries,resulting in phases having similar corrosion resistance thatshowed a more uniform dissolution behavior. However, the Voltapotential difference between the phases proved to be of thesame order for all the DSSs studied. Austenite was in generalassociated to regions displaying a more noble Volta potentialthan ferrite, resulting in a higher dissolution rate of theferrite next to the austenite phase.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>In situ, local dissolution, electrochemical,STM, SKPFM, MFM, SAES, duplex stainless steel, acidic-chloridesolution.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar a técnica de encapsulamento, conhecida também como solidificação/estabilização, em um solo contaminado com crescentes quantidades do resíduo industrial borra oleosa ácida, utilizando como agente encapsulante o cimento Portland CP-V ARI. O programa experimental consistiu na realização de estudos pré e pós-tratamento, analisando fisicamente o solo através de ensaios de caracterização geotécnica, compactação, resistência à compressão simples, durabilidade e condutividade hidráulica. Quimicamente foram realizados ensaios de lixiviação em coluna e análises químicas e físico-químicas do lixiviado. Devido às elevadas temperaturas detectadas no momento das misturas de solo/cimento e borra oleosa ácida, foram realizados ensaios para o monitoramento da temperatura e o tempo de hidratação do cimento. Os resultados apontam que quanto maior a quantidade de borra oleosa ácida presente no solo tratado, maior é a temperatura de hidratação do cimento e mais rápido atinge o pico máximo, resultando em menor resistência à compressão simples e maior perda de massa. Em amostras sem cimento, a condutividade hidráulica diminui com o aumento de borra oleosa ácida, quando adicionado cimento a condutividade hidráulica inicialmente diminui com o acréscimo de borra oleosa ácida, mas volta a aumentar com quantidades maiores de contaminante. A técnica de encapsulamento mostrou-se eficiente quanto à redução dos metais pesados, devido, principalmente, ao aumento do pH e a precipitação de tais elementos. Porém não se mostrou eficiente quanto ao sulfato, condutividade elétrica e demanda química de oxigênio. / The objective of this study is applying the encapsulation technique, also known as solidification/stabilization, in soil contaminated with increasing amounts of acidic oily sludge industrial residues, using Portland cement CP-V ARI as the encapsulating agent. The experimental program consisted of studies pre and post-treatment, in which the soil was physically analyzed through geotechnical characterization testings, compactation, unconfined compressive strength, duration and hydraulic conductivity tests. In chemical terms, column leach testings were conducted, along with chemical and physical-chemical analyses of the leachete. Due to the high temperatures detected upon mixing soil/cement and the acidic oily sludge, tests were conducted to monitor the temperature and the hydratation rate of the cement. The results show that the greater the amount of acidic oily sludge in the treated soil, the higher the temperature necessary to hydrate the cement and the faster it reaches the maximum peak, which results in less unconfined compressive strength and greater mass loss. In samples without cement, the hydraulic conductivity reduced upon increasing the amount of acidic oily sludge. When cement is added, the hydraulic conductivity initially decreases with the acidic oily sludge, but it increases again with greater amounts of the substance. The encapsulation technique proved to be efficient in the reduction of heavy metals, due mainly to the pH increase and the precipitation of such components. However, the technique did not prove to be efficient in relation to sulphate, and to the electrical conductivity and the chemical oxygen demand.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-08-01T18:14:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Melissa Moura Abbehusen Estudo da imunogenicidade de vacinas de....pdf: 867164 bytes, checksum: 4ef801f12d349f64700eea900fccfc9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-01T18:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melissa Moura Abbehusen Estudo da imunogenicidade de vacinas de....pdf: 867164 bytes, checksum: 4ef801f12d349f64700eea900fccfc9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / A Proteína ácida ribossomal de Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) - LiP0 é um componente estrutural da subunidade maior do ribossomo e já foi descrita como um antígeno imunodominante, que participa na síntese de outras proteínas e é capaz de induzir resposta imune humoral específica em soro de pacientes e cães infectados com Leishmania chagasi (L. chagasi). Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis), é uma micobactéria oportunista, que apresenta crescimento rápido e uma poderosa capacidade adjuvante, já sendo utilizado como vetor de expressão para diversos antígenos. Neste trabalho avaliamos a capacidade imunoprotetora do Mycobacterium smegmatis recombinante (rM.smegmatis) expressando o gene que codifica a LiP0, bem como o plasmídeo e/ou proteína LiP0 utilizando estratégia homóloga (composta de plasmídeo de DNA) e heteróloga (composta de plasmídeo de DNA adicionado a proteína recombinante e CpG), contra a infecção causada por L. chagasi em hamsters. Hamsters foram imunizados e posteriormente infectados com L. chagasi por via endovenosa. Os animais imunizados com a micobactéria, apesar de apresentarem resposta imune humoral anti-M. smegmatis, não produziram anticorpo contra LiP0, que só foram detectados no soro dos animais que receberam a estratégia heteróloga de imunização. Na análise de citocinas, observou-se que os animais imunizados com rM.smegmatis LiP0 apresentaram maior concentração de IFN-γ e menor quantidade de TGF-ß e IL-10 quando comparado aos grupos controle, sugerindo uma resposta Th1. Em diferentes momentos após o desafio, o grau de proteção avaliado pela carga parasitária em órgãos alvo, foi estimado por ensaio de diluição limitante. Nenhuma diferença foi observada na carga parasitaria do baço, fígado e linfonodo em hamsters imunizados ou controles em todos os pontos da avaliação, sugerindo que a LiP0, não protegeu hamsters imunizados tanto com o Mycobacterium expressando o gene que codifica a proteína, nem como vacina de DNA utilizando a estratégia homóloga ou heteróloga contra infecção por L.chagasi. / The acid ribosomal protein of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) - LiP0 is a structural component of the ribosomal subunit and it was described as an immunodominant antigen recognized either by serum of patients and dogs infected by Leishmania chagasi (L. chagasi) and cooperates in the synthesis of other proteins. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) is a opportunistic bacteria, which presents rapid growth, is a potent adjuvant and has been used as carrier of antigens in several different experimental models of immunoprotection. In this work we evaluate the immunoprotective capacity of recombinant M. smegmatis (rM. smegmatis) carrying the gene of LiP0 and the DNA or protein of LiP0 using homologous strategy (composed of plasmid DNA) and heterologous (consisting of plasmid DNA and recombinant protein more CpG) to immunize hamsters against infection by L. chagasi. The immunized animals produced anti-M.smegmatis antibodies but they did not produce antibody against LiP0, detected only in animals who received the heterologous strategy of vaccination. In the analysis of cytokines, we observed that animals immunized with rM.smegmatis LiP0 had higher concentration of IFN-γ and lower amounts of TGF-ß and IL-10 compared to control groups, suggesting a Th1 response. At different times after challenge, the degree of protection, evaluated by parasite load in the target organs, was estimated by limiting dilution assay. No difference was observed in the parasite load in the spleen, liver and lymph node between immunized hamsters and controls at all points of evaluation. There was no protection in animals immunized with rM. smegmatis expressing the acidic ribosomal protein gene, suggesting that LiP0 did not protect hamsters immunized with either Mycobacterium expressing the gene encoding the protein or DNA as a vaccine strategy using homologous or heterologous against infection L.chagasi.

Neste trabalho foram testados métodos de obtenção de zeólitas e sílica amorfa a partir das cinzas volantes do carvão utilizado na Usina Termoelétrica Presidente Médici, Candiota, RS, tendo como objetivo principal a transformação de um resíduo sólido de grande impacto ambiental em materiais com maior valor agregado e uma ampla gama de aplicações. As matérias primas, assim como os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por um conjunto de técnicas, a saber: Difratometria de Raios X(DRX), Fluorescência de Raios X(XFD), CHNS elementar, área superficial específica (BET), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Para a síntese das zeólitas foi utilizado o processo em duas etapas que consiste em fusão alcalina seguida de tratamento hidrotérmico. Visando a comparação entre as estruturas formadas, os parâmetros avaliados neste processo foram: natureza da fonte de silício e alumínio, tempo de reação, temperatura de reação e proporção cinza/NaOH. As temperaturas utilizadas foram de 350°C, 600°C e 800°C .em tempos de 3h, 5h e 8h e as proporções cinza/NaOH de 1:1 e 1:2. As análises por difração de raios X dos produtos obtidos por fusão alcalina indicaram estruturas zeolíticas naqueles em que foram usadas as proporções cinza/NaOH de 1:1 em todas as temperaturas utilizadas neste processo variando os tempos de reação. Com a proporção cinza/NaOH de 1:2, não foram obtidas estruturas com características zeolíticas. Para a obtenção da sílica amorfa, as cinzas foram submetidas à fusão alcalina com NaOH seguida de lixiviação com HCl a 25%,sendo obtidos dois produtos:um a partir da fase gel e outro da fase precipitada Os produtos obtidos, analisados por difração de raios X apresentaram valores de 2θ (26,6) característicos da sílica amorfa. Uma avaliação semiquantitativa feita por fluorescência de raios X indica que a sílica amorfa precipitada apresentou pureza acima de 95% e a sílica amorfa obtida a partir do gel, apresentou pureza de 75%. / In this essay, methods of obtaining amorphous silica and zeolites from coal fly ash Presidente Médici Thermoelectric Power Plant have been tested, having as main objective the transformation of a large solid waste environmental impact in high value applicable materials. The raw materials, and the products were characterized by a set of techniques: particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XFD), CHNS elemental (BET) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Microscope bench. For the synthesis of zeólitas, the process was done in two steps. It consisted in alkaline fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The parameters evaluated in this process were the origin of the source of silicon and aluminum; reaction time, reaction temperature, proportion fly ash/ hydroxide. The temperatures used were 350 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. To time of 3h, 5h and 8h and cinza/ NaOH proportion of 1:1 and 1:2 . The products obtained by alkaline fusion those in witch were subjected the proportion fly ash /NaOH 1:1 showed zeolitic structures at all temperatures used in this process by varying the reaction time. With the ratio fly ash/NaOH 1:2 not zeolitic structures were obtained.. To obtain amorphous silica, ash was subjected to alkali fusion with NaOH and treated with hydrochloric acid (25%). Two products were obtained: one from the gel phase and other from the the precipitated phase, The x-ray diffraction patterns shows a amorphous band in the 2 θ region in the range between 20° and 40° which is related to the amorphous silica. A semi quantitative evaluation by X-ray fluorescence shows that the amorphous precipitated silica had purity of above 95%, and amorphous silica obtained from gel showed 75% purity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloDPS_DISSERT_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 366490 bytes, checksum: 3e5abdd24789d0e82844edffadbb1a3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The acidic galactan (AG) was obtained by extraction and proteolysis by acetone precipitation of the eggs of the mollusc Pomacea lineata. Its structure was elucidated by a combination of chemical analysis, the intrinsic viscosity and NMR spectroscopy 1D and 2D. Biological aspects of AG were evaluated by in vivo testing of healing and peritonitis induced (anti-inflammatory activity) and in vitro assays of cytotoxicity (MTT). This polymer showed a simple structure without the presence of sulfate and uronic acids in its structure. Its intrinsic viscosity and relative were evaluated at 0.44 ? 0.05 and 1.744? 0.07 dl.g-1. Spectroscopy showed that the AG has a constitution composed predominantly of &#946;-D-galactosis, and &#946;-D-glucosamine-NAcetil that comes in a smaller proportion in chain. The character of this acidic polysaccharide is given by the presence of pyruvate in the molecule, forming a cyclic acetal of six states, located in &#946;-D-galactosis. The involvement of AG in the healing process was evaluated and the histological analysis revealed that there was so early in the process of healing, a great stimulation of macrophages with granuloma formation. Suggesting that AG may have promoted the advance of biological events required for tissue healing. In the trial of the GA-induced peritonitis showed dose dependent, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect at concentrations above 20 mg/kg, and confirming its inflammatory character and the concentration of 1mg/kg. In vitro tests used in the GA concentration of 1000 &#956;g/mL showed proliferative activity by stimulating the growth of 3T3 cells, corroborating the findings in vivo and demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic activity / O Galactano ac?dico (GA) foi obtido atrav?s de extra??o por prote?lise e precipita??o com acetona das ovas do molusco Pomacea lineata. Sua estrutura foi elucidada atrav?s de uma combina??o de an?lises qu?micas, da viscosidade intr?nseca e de espectroscopia de Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear, mono e bidimensionais. Os aspectos biol?gicos do GA foram avaliados atrav?s de ensaios in vivo de cicatriza??o e de peritonite induzida (atividade antiinflamat?ria); e ensaios in vitro da atividade citot?xica (MTT). Este polissacar?deo apresentou uma estrutura simples, sem presen?a de sulfato e ?cidos ur?nicos. Suas viscosidades intr?nseca e relativa foram avaliadas em 0,44 ? 0,05 e 1,744 ? 0,07 dL.g-1. A espectroscopia mostrou que o GA possui uma constitui??o formada predominantemente por &#946;-D-galactoses, al?m de &#946;- D-NAcetil-glucosamina que surge em menor propor??o na cadeia. O car?ter ac?dico deste polissacar?deo ? dado pela presen?a de piruvato na mol?cula, formando um acetal c?clico de 6-membros, localizados nas &#946;-D-galactoses. A participa??o do GA na cicatriza??o foi avaliada e as an?lises histol?gicas revelaram que houve, de forma precoce ao processo de cicatriza??o, uma grande estimula??o de macr?fagos, com forma??o de granulomas. Sugerindo que o GA pode ter promovido a antecipa??o de eventos biol?gicos necess?rios ? cicatriza??o do tecido. No ensaio de peritonite induzida o GA se mostrou dose dependente, demonstrando uma a??o antiinflamat?ria em concentra??es acima de 20mg/kg, e comprovando seu car?ter inflamat?rio na concentra??o de 1mg/Kg. Em ensaios in vitro o GA utilizado na concentra??o de 1000 &#956;g/mL apresentou atividade proliferativa estimulando o crescimento de c?lulas 3T3, corroborando os achados in vivo e demonstrando aus?ncia de atividade citot?xica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O uso de primers autocondicionantes tem sido proposto como uma alternativa para a redução de passos clínicos. O objetivo deste estudo clínico aleatório e controlado foi avaliar a performance de um sistema autocondicionante (Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer, 3M Unitek - SEP) comparado a um sistema multipasso convencional (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek - TBXT) de colagem ortodôntica, durante um período de 12 meses. Vinte e oito pacientes participaram deste estudo, sendo estes alocados aos grupos SEP ou TBXT de forma aleatória, através de randomização em bloco. Um total de 548 bráquetes metálicos (Micro-Arch, prescrição Alexander, GAC International, Bohemia, NY) foram colados com uso da pasta adesiva Transbond XT (3M Unitek), sendo todos os produtos manuseados de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes. Foram totalizados 276 bráquetes no grupo controle e 272 no segundo. Curvas de sobrevivência Kaplan-Meier e o teste log-rank (p<0,05) foram utilizados para comparar o percentual de falhas adesivas para as duas técnicas. Ao final do período foram verificadas trinta e duas falhas adesivas (bráquetes descolados), sendo 19 (6,98%) falhas quando utilizado o primer autocondicionante (SEP) e 13 (4,71%) quando usado o primer convencional (TBXT). Não houve diferença significante entre a sobrevivência dos bráquetes entre os dois grupos avaliados (log-rank test, p=0,311). Quando a influência de gênero do paciente, arco dentário e tipo dentário (anterior ou posterior) foram analisados, somente o tipo dentário foi achado significante. Bráquetes de dentes posteriores apresentaram uma maior probabilidade de falha adesiva que os colados em dentes anteriores (p=0,013) Os autores concluem que o primer autocondicionante pode ser utilizado para colagem direta de bráquetes ortodônticos sem que sua sobrevivência clínica seja afetada. / The use of self-etching primers is presented as an alternative to shorten the clinical bonding steps. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate over a 12-month period the performance of a self-etching system (Transbond Plus SEP, 3M Unitek - SEP) compared with a conventional multi-step system (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek - TBXT). Twenty-eight randomly selected patients were included in this study, each being randomly assigned to TBXT or SEP group. A total of 548 brackets were bonded following the manufacturers instructions, using Transbond XT adhesive paste. The survival rate of brackets were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Bracket survival distributions with respect to bonding procedure, tooth location, dental arch and patient gender were compared with log-rank test. The failure rates of the TBXT and SEP group were 4.71 and 6.98 per cent respectively. No significant differences in the survival rate were observed between the bonding procedures (p=0.311). When the tooth location, dental arch and patient gender were analysed, only the tooth location was found to be significant. Posterior brackets were more likely to fail than the anterior brackets (p=0.013). Both systems had low bonding failure rates and can be considered adequate for orthodontic bonding needs.

Neste trabalho foram testados métodos de obtenção de zeólitas e sílica amorfa a partir das cinzas volantes do carvão utilizado na Usina Termoelétrica Presidente Médici, Candiota, RS, tendo como objetivo principal a transformação de um resíduo sólido de grande impacto ambiental em materiais com maior valor agregado e uma ampla gama de aplicações. As matérias primas, assim como os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por um conjunto de técnicas, a saber: Difratometria de Raios X(DRX), Fluorescência de Raios X(XFD), CHNS elementar, área superficial específica (BET), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Para a síntese das zeólitas foi utilizado o processo em duas etapas que consiste em fusão alcalina seguida de tratamento hidrotérmico. Visando a comparação entre as estruturas formadas, os parâmetros avaliados neste processo foram: natureza da fonte de silício e alumínio, tempo de reação, temperatura de reação e proporção cinza/NaOH. As temperaturas utilizadas foram de 350°C, 600°C e 800°C .em tempos de 3h, 5h e 8h e as proporções cinza/NaOH de 1:1 e 1:2. As análises por difração de raios X dos produtos obtidos por fusão alcalina indicaram estruturas zeolíticas naqueles em que foram usadas as proporções cinza/NaOH de 1:1 em todas as temperaturas utilizadas neste processo variando os tempos de reação. Com a proporção cinza/NaOH de 1:2, não foram obtidas estruturas com características zeolíticas. Para a obtenção da sílica amorfa, as cinzas foram submetidas à fusão alcalina com NaOH seguida de lixiviação com HCl a 25%,sendo obtidos dois produtos:um a partir da fase gel e outro da fase precipitada Os produtos obtidos, analisados por difração de raios X apresentaram valores de 2θ (26,6) característicos da sílica amorfa. Uma avaliação semiquantitativa feita por fluorescência de raios X indica que a sílica amorfa precipitada apresentou pureza acima de 95% e a sílica amorfa obtida a partir do gel, apresentou pureza de 75%. / In this essay, methods of obtaining amorphous silica and zeolites from coal fly ash Presidente Médici Thermoelectric Power Plant have been tested, having as main objective the transformation of a large solid waste environmental impact in high value applicable materials. The raw materials, and the products were characterized by a set of techniques: particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XFD), CHNS elemental (BET) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Microscope bench. For the synthesis of zeólitas, the process was done in two steps. It consisted in alkaline fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The parameters evaluated in this process were the origin of the source of silicon and aluminum; reaction time, reaction temperature, proportion fly ash/ hydroxide. The temperatures used were 350 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. To time of 3h, 5h and 8h and cinza/ NaOH proportion of 1:1 and 1:2 . The products obtained by alkaline fusion those in witch were subjected the proportion fly ash /NaOH 1:1 showed zeolitic structures at all temperatures used in this process by varying the reaction time. With the ratio fly ash/NaOH 1:2 not zeolitic structures were obtained.. To obtain amorphous silica, ash was subjected to alkali fusion with NaOH and treated with hydrochloric acid (25%). Two products were obtained: one from the gel phase and other from the the precipitated phase, The x-ray diffraction patterns shows a amorphous band in the 2 θ region in the range between 20° and 40° which is related to the amorphous silica. A semi quantitative evaluation by X-ray fluorescence shows that the amorphous precipitated silica had purity of above 95%, and amorphous silica obtained from gel showed 75% purity.