L’étude de la propagation sonore dans un milieu confiné nécessite une connaissance précise des caractéristiques acoustiques et géométriques des parois qui le délimitent. En effet, le relief géométrique des parois d’un local engendre des phénomènes acoustiques complexes pouvant impacter significativement la propagation sonore : diffusion, diffraction ou encore résonance si le relief présente une géométrie particulière. L’objectif de cette étude est de développer un modèle numérique simulant la propagation sonore dans un espace confiné délimité par des parois à relief géométrique. Dans un premier temps, la méthode de décomposition rectangulaire adaptative (ARD) est utilisée pour simuler la propagation en milieu confiné. Cette méthode est ensuite couplée à la méthode de différences finies dans le domaine temporel (FDTD) et l’utilisation de filtres d’impédance numériques (DIF) pour simuler des parois à relief géométrique possédant une impédance dépendante de la fréquence. L’intégration de la méthode FDTD dans la méthode ARD est rendue possible par l’utilisation de couches absorbantes parfaitement adaptées (PML). Le modèle numérique est validé par comparaison aux méthodes Kobayashi Potential (KP) et sources images ainsi qu’à des résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, le modèle est utilisé pour étudier la diffusion acoustique causée par plusieurs parois à relief expérimentales. Un coefficient d’absorption acoustique apparent est ainsi estimé pour caractériser chacune de ces parois / The study of sound propagation in an enclosed space requires a precise knowledge of the acoustic and geometrical characteristics of its boundaries. Indeed, the geometric relief on the walls of a room causes complex acoustic phenomena that can significantly impact the sound propagation: scattering, diffraction or even resonance if the relief has a particular geometry. The objective of this study is to develop a numerical model of sound propagation in an enclosed space bounded by walls with geometric relief. First, the Adaptive Rectangular Decomposition (ARD) method is used to simulate the propagation in a room. Then, this method is coupled with the Finite Difference in Time Domaine (FDTD) method and the use of digital impedance filters (DIF) to include boundaries with geometric relief and frequency-dependent impedance. The integration of the FDTD method into the ARD method is made possible by the use of perfectly matched layers (PML). The numerical model is validated by comparison with the Kobayashi Potential (KP) and image source methods as well as experimental results. Finally, the model is used to study the sound scattering caused by several experimental relief walls. An apparent sound absorption coefficient is thus estimated to characterize each of these different walls

Research on topological defects has been of increasing interest in recent years, since no laboratory-produced crystal is perfect, that is, it will always present a remarkable number of defects in its structure. Topological defects have different names that depend particularly on the symmetry breaking of the system. Thus, in this work we investigate the acoustic scattering by rigid scatter included in media with topological defects such as declination and global monopole. For these media the acoustic scattering by solid scatter and isotropic included in liquid crystals in the nematic phase with disclination as well as global monopole defects were investigated. In these systems, the amplitude and the scattering patterns were computed as well as the cross section. The results revealed that for low frequencies and < 1 the backscattered wave is dominant, however for values of > 1 the spread wave becomes dominant, where is the default parameter. For high frequencies, when the value of approaches to 0.1 we found that the backscattered wave becomes dominant. We conclude that both the disclination and the global monopoles media have a great advantage in the use in devices that make use of acoustic wave scattering because of the large amplitudes that can be achieved using these cylindrical and spherical structures included in defective fluids. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As pesquisas em defeitos topológicos têm apresentado um interesse crescente nos últimos anos, visto que nenhum cristal produzido em laboratório é perfeito, ou seja, ele sempre apresentará um notável número de defeitos em sua estrutura. Os defeitos topológicos apresentam diferentes nomes que dependem particularmente da quebra de simetria do sistema. Assim, neste trabalho investigamos o espalhamento acústico por espalhadores rígidos inclusos em meios com defeitos topológicos tais como desclinação e monopolo global. Para estes meios foram investigados o espalhamento acústico por espalhadores sólidos e isotrópicos inclusos em cristais líquidos na fase nemática com desclinação bem como defeitos de monopolo. Nestas sistemas, foram computados a amplitude e os padrões de espalhamento bem como a seção de choque. Os resultados reveleram que para baixas frequências e < 1 a onda retroespalhada é dominante, porém para valores de > 1 a onda espalhada se torna dominante, onde é o parâmetro de defeito. Para altas frequências, quando o valor de se aproxima de 0.1 verificamos que a onda retroespalhada passa a ser dominante. Concluímos que tanto os meios com desclinação quanto os monopolos globais apresentam uma grande vantagem na utilização em dispositivos que fazem uso de espalhamento de ondas acústicas em razão das grandes amplitudes que se pode alcançar utilizando essas estruturas cilíndricas e esféricas inclusas em fluidos com defeitos.

Recent advances and interest in ultrasound particle manipulation calls for theoretical understanding of acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on a configuration of multiple particles. In this thesis we theoretically study the acoustic radiation force and torque exerted by an arbitrary acoustic beam on a cluster of spherical particles in an inviscid fluid. The method is based on the partial-wave expansion (PWE) and the translational addition theorem for spherical wave functions. The combination of (PWE) and addition theorem Method enable us to solve the associated multiple scattering problem by numerically computing the (PWE) coefficients in a system of linear equations. On the other hand, when we consider the radiation force and torque exerted on a single sphere, the addition theorem has the advantage to solve this problem in a closed form. After obtaining the PWE coefficients, the acoustic radiation force and torque is computed through the farfield series solution. To illustrate the method, the acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on a single or multiple spheres are analyzed. In the case of a single sphere, the force is generated by a spherically focused ultrasound beam, where as the torque is generated by a Bessel vortex beam. For the multiple spheres configuration, the radiation force is induced by a traveling and a standing plane wave. In a specific configuration of three olive oil droplets suspended in water, with radii of the order of the wavelength, we found that rescattering events produce an acoustic interaction force, which significantly changes the radiation force on each droplet depending on the inter-droplet distance. In addition, we have found for the first time that an acoustic interaction torque due to the nonsymmetric spatial distribution of the acoustic energy density to the droplets. Further more, our study does not have restrictions on the spheres size compared to the wave length, nor on their composition material, which includes rigid, void, compressional liquid, elastic and viscoelastic solids, and layered material. Finally, this study has direct applications on methods for noncontact object handling by acoustic waves such as acoustic levitation, acoustical tweezers, and acoustophoresis in lab-on-a-chip devices. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Recentes avanços e interesse em manipulação de partículas necessitam de uma maior compreensão teórica da força de radiação e torque acústico exercidos sobre uma configuração de múltiplas partículas. Nesta tese, nós estudamos teoricamente a força de radiação e torque acústico exercido por um feixe acústico arbitrário em um conjunto de partículas esféricas suspensas em um fluido não viscoso. O método baseia-se na expansão de ondas parciais (EOP) e no teorema translacional da adição para funções de onda esférica. A combinação do método de ondas parciais com o teorema da adição nos permitir resolver o problema de espalhamento mútiplo computando numericamente os coeficientes da expansão em um sistema de equações lineares. Por outro lado, quando consideramos a força e torque de radiação exercidos sobe uma única esfera, o teorema da adição tem a vantagem para resolver este problema exatamente. Após a obtenção dos coeficientes, a força e o torque de radiação são calculados usando um método em séries no campo distante. Para ilustrar o método, a força e o torque exercidos sobre uma ou multiplas esferas são analisados. Para o de uma única esfera, a força de radiação é gerada por um feixe de ultrassom focalizado. Para uma configuração de multiplas esferas, a força de radiação é induzida por ondas planas e estacionarias. Numa configuração específica de três gotas de azeite suspensas em água, com raios da ordem do comprimento de onda, verificou-se que as ondas reespalhadas produzem uma força de interação acústica, o que altera significativamente a força de radiação em cada gota em função da distância inter-gota. Além disso, verificou-se, pela primeira vez que um torque de interação acústico devido a uma distribuição espacial não simétrica da densidade de energia acústica para as gotas. Além disso, nosso estudo não tem restrições quanto ao tamanho esferas em comparação com o comprimento de onda, nem sobre a sua composição, que inclui rígida, líquida, elástica e sólidos viscoelásticos. Por fim, este estudo tem aplicações diretas sobre os métodos de manipulação de objetos sem contato por ondas acústicas, tais como a levitação acústica, pinças acústicas e acoustophoresis em dispositivos lab-on-a-chip.

The study of acoustic radiation force and torque phenomena has attracted an enormous interest of the scientific community, due to applications of these phenomena in noncontact particles manipulation. In this work, we perform a theoretical analysis of acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on a homogeneous visco elastic particle in the Rayleigh scattering limit (the particle radius is much smaller than the incident wavelength) by a wave with arbitrary geometry. Our study is based on the partial-wave expansion in spherical coordinates of the incident and scattered waves. In this context, the radiation force and torque are obtained analytically in terms of an infinite series which involves the scattering and incident expansion coefficients. We assume that the particle behaves as a linear viscoelastic solid, which obeys the fractional Kelvin-Voigt model. Analytical expressions for the radiation force and torque are obtained considering the low- and high-frequency approximation in the viscoelastic model. The developed theory is used to describe the interaction of acoustic waves (traveling and standing plane waves, and zero and first-order Bessel beams) with a low-and high-density polyethylene particle. Our results show that the axial acoustic radiation force might become negative (i.e. in opposition to the wave propagation direction) when a certain condition involving the physical parameters of the particle is satisfied. Negative acoustic radiation torque due a beam of first-order Bessel may also occur when the same condition of negative radiation force is met. Remarkably, this is the first time that negative radiation force is predicted on a homogeneous particle in the Rayleigh scattering regime. Further more, the stability of the transverse acoustic radiation force generated by a Bessel beam is also investigated. We show a full 3D tractor Bessel vortex beam acting on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE). In the analysis of acoustic radiation force generated on a viscoelastic particle by a standing plane wave, relevant deviations arose in comparison with the solid elastic model for the particles. The magnitude of the radiation force and torque on a HDPE described by the viscoelastic model behaves differently (negative radiation force) compared with other materials (solid elastic and compressible fluid particle) due to traveling plane wave and Bessel beams. Finally, we believe that this study may help further enhance the development of acoustic levitation, particle handling in acoustofluids, and acoustical tweezers devices. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo dos fenômenos de força e torque de radiação acústico tem atraído um enorme interesse da comunidade científica, devido a aplicações desses fenômenos em manipulação de partículas sem contato. Neste trabalho, realizamos uma análise teórica da força e torque de radiação acústico exercido sobre uma partícula visco elástica homogênea no limite do espalhamento de Rayleigh (o raio da partícula é muito menor que o comprimento de onda incidente) por uma onda com geometria arbitrária. Nosso estudo baseia-se na expansão de ondas parciais em coordenadas esféricas das ondas incidente e espalhada. Nesse contexto, a força e o torque de radiação são obtidos analiticamente em termos de uma série infinita que envolve os coeficientes de expansão das ondas espalhada e incidente. Assumimos que a partícula se comporta como um sólido viscoelástico linear, que obedece o modelo de Kelvin-Voigt fracionário. Fórmulas analíticas para a força e torque de radiação são obtidas considerando uma aproximação de baixa e de alta frequência no modelo viscoelástico. A teoria desenvolvida é usada para descrever a interação de ondas acústicas (onda plana progressiva, onda plana estacionária, feixes de Bessel de ordem zero e de primeira ordem) com partículas de polietileno de baixa e de alta densidade. Os nossos resultados mostram que a força de radiação acústica axial pode ser negativa (isto é, em oposição à direção de propagação da onda) quando uma determinada condição envolvendo os parâmetros físicos da partícula é satisfeita. Torque de radiação acústico negativo devido a um feixe de Bessel de primeira ordem também pode ocorrer quando a mesma condição da força de radiação negativa for atendida. Notavelmente, esta é a primeira vez que a força de radiação negativa é prevista sobre uma partícula homogênea no regime de espalhamento Rayleigh. Além disso, a estabilidade transversal da força de radiação acústica gerada pelo feixe de Bessel também é investigada. Mostramos que um feixe de Bessel trator 3D completo atua sobre uma partícula de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). Na análise da força de radiação acústica gerada sobre uma partícula viscoelástica por uma onda plana estacionária, desvios relevantes surgiram em comparação com partícula sólida elástica. A amplitude da força e torque de radiação sobre uma PEAD descrita pelo modelo viscoelástico apresenta um comportamento diferente (força de radiação negativa) comparados com os outros materiais (sólida elástica e fluida com absorção longitudinal) devido a onda plana progressiva e feixes de Bessel. Por fim, acreditamos que este estudo pode ajudar a melhorar ainda mais o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de levitação acústica, manipulação de partículas em acustofluídica e pinças acústicas.

This thesis outlines an iterative approach for determining the scattered wave for two dimensional multiple acoustic scattering problems using high order local absorbing boundary conditions and second order finite difference. We seek to approximate the total wave as it is scattered off of multiple arbitrarily shaped obstacles. This is done by decomposing the scattered wave into the superposition of single scattered waves. We then repeatedly solve the single scattering system for each obstacle, while updating the boundary conditions based off the incident wave and the scattered wave off the other obstacles. We solve each single scattering by enclosing the obstacle in a circular artificial boundary and generating a curvilinear coordinate system for the computational region between the obstacle and the artificial boundary. We impose an absorbing boundary condition, specifically Karp's Farfield Expansion ABC, on the artificial boundary. We use a finite difference method to discretize the governing equations and to discretize the absorbing boundary conditions. This will create a linear system whose solution will approximate the single scattered wave. The forcing vector of the linear system is determined from the total influence on the obstacle boundary from the incident wave and the scattered waves from the other obstacles. In each iteration, we solve the singular acoustic scattering problem for each obstacle by using the scattered wave approximations from the other obstacles obtained from the previous iteration. The iterations continue until the solutions converge. This iterative method scales well to multiple scattering configurations with many obstacles, and achieves errors on the order of 1E-5 in less than five minutes. This is due to using LU factorization to solve the linear systems, paired with parallelization. I will include numerical results which demonstrate the accuracy and advantages of this iterative technique.

Le thème central de cette thèse est l'étude des résonances pour le problème intérieur en élastodynamique (géométries elliptique et sphéroïdale), et pour le problème de diffusion en acoustique (géométrie elliptique). On s'intéresse en particulier à la levée de dégénérescence des résonances liée à la brisure de symétrie de l'objet lors de la transition du disque circulaire vers le disque elliptique (2D), et de la sphère vers le sphéroïde (3D). Ce phénomène est étudié et interprété d'un point de vue théorique en prenant en compte les symétries de l'objet à l'aide de la théorie des groupes. Cette approche est complétée par une modélisation numérique et une partie expérimentale. En 2D, nous étudions le problème intérieur pour un disque elliptique élastique (étude des modes résonants) et le problème de la diffusion acoustique par des cylindres elliptiques élastiques. Ils sont traités à partir du formalisme modal combiné à la théorie des groupes dans le contexte vectoriel de l'élastodynamique. La levée de dégénérescence est observée théoriquement mais aussi expérimentalement en diffusion. La méthode simplifie considérablement le traitement numérique des problèmes étudiés, fournit une classification des résonances selon les 4 représentations irréductibles du groupe de symétrie C2v (associé à la géométrie elliptique) et donne une interprétation physique de la levée de dégénérescence en termes de brisure de symétrie. Une partie expérimentale en spectroscopie ultrasonore vient compléter l'étude théorique du problème de diffusion. Une série d'expériences en cuve est menée dans le cas de cylindres elliptiques de différentes excentricités en aluminium immergés dans l'eau, dans la bande de fréquence 0 ≤ kr ≤ 50, où kr est le nombre d'onde réduit dans le fluide. Les résultats expérimentaux présentent un très bon accord avec les résultats théoriques, la levée de dégénérescence est observée expérimentalement sur des fonctions de forme et mise en évidence sur des diagrammes angulaires. Le problème intérieur en 3D est traité expérimentalement à partir de la génération et la détection optiques d'ondes élastiques. Une série d'expérimentations sur des objets tridimensionnels (sphère, sphéroïdes oblates et prolates de différentes excentricités) en aluminium est réalisée. Ils sont mis en vibration par impacts laser et les mesures de vitesse et de fréquence s'effectuent par vibrométrie laser. On réalise ainsi une comparaison qualitative entre la théorie 2D et l'expérience 3D. Les mesures sont menées à la fois dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel pour mettre en évidence la levée de dégénérescence d'une part, et l'onde de Rayleigh qui se propage sur la surface des objets d'autre part. Nous identifions deux trajets pour cette onde en géométrie sphéroïdale, l'un circulaire et l'autre elliptique.Enfin, dans le cadre des problèmes intérieurs 2D et 3D, on donne une interprétation en termes de rayons à travers la dualité entre le spectre des résonances et le spectre des longueurs des orbites périodiques (OPs), avec la mise en évidence du phénomène de conversion de mode et l'identification de l'onde de Rayleigh. Un phénomène, nouveau à notre connaissance, vient s'ajouter au phénomène de bifurcation de certaines orbites. Au cours de la déformation vers le disque elliptique, les orbites avec conversion de mode du disque circulaire se séparent en deux orbites dont les longueurs sont associées aux trajets minimal et maximal qu'elles parcourent. Cette observation s'interprète comme une conséquence du théorème de Fermat. Dans le cas du sphéroïde, on retrouve les orbites du disque circulaire dans le plan équatorial et celles du disque elliptique dans le plan méridien. Nous mettons également en évidence les pics associés aux deux trajets parcourus par l'onde de Rayleigh sur le spectre des OPs. / Resonances for the interior problem in elastodynamics and the acoustic scattering problem are considered in elliptical and spheroidal geometries. Interest is focused on the splitting up of resonances which occurs when the symmetry is broken in the transition from the circular disc to the elliptical one (2D), and from the sphere to the spheroid (3D). From the theoretical point of view, this physical phenomenon is studied and interpreted taking into account the symmetries of the object with the help of group theory. This approach is completed by a numerical modeling and an experimental part. As far as the two dimensional problems are concerned, the interior problem for an elliptical elastic disc (study of resonant modes) and the acoustic scattering problem for infinite elliptical elastic cylinders are studied combining modal formalism and group theory in the vectorial context of elastodynamics. The splitting up of resonances due to the circular symmetry breaking is not only theoretically observed but also experimentally for the scattering problem. The method significantly simplifies the numerical treatment of the problems studied, provides a full classification of resonances over the 4 irreducible representations of the symmetry group C2v (associated with the elliptical geometry) and gives a physical interpretation of the splitting up in terms of symmetry breaking of the symmetry group O(2) (invariance under rotation). An experimental part based on ultrasonic spectroscopy complements the theoretical study of the scattering problem. A series of tank experiments is carried out in the case of aluminum elliptical cylinders immersed in water, in the frequency range 0 ≤ kr ≤ 50, where kr is the reduced wave number in the fluid. The experimental results provide a very good agreement with the theoretical ones, the splitting up is observed on experimental form functions and the split resonant modes are identified on angular diagrams. The interior problem in 3D is studied by means of an experimental approach based on the optical generation and detection of elastic waves. A series of experiments is performed on three-dimensional objects in aluminium. These objects (sphere, prolate and oblate spheroids of various eccentricity) are excited by laser impacts, and the velocity and frequency measurements are carried out by laser vibrometry. Theory and experiments are qualitatively compared. The measurements are performed in both the frequency and time domains to highlight the splitting up of resonances on one hand, and the Rayleigh wave propagating on the surface of the objects on the other hand. We emphasize two paths for this surface wave in spheroidal geometry: a circular one in the equatorial plane and an elliptical one in the meridian plane. Finally, in the context of the interior problems in 2D and 3D, a physical interpretation of resonances in terms of geometrical paths is provided. Mode conversion is highlighted and the Rayleigh wave is identified on the periodic orbits lengths spectrum.In addition to the bifurcations of some periodic orbits, a phenomenon, new to our knowledge, appears. The orbits with mode conversion of the circular disc split in two orbits when the transition to the elliptic disc occurs. The lengths of these orbits are associated with the minimal and maximal travel paths. This observation is interpreted from Fermat's theorem.For the spheroid, orbits of the circular disc and those of the elliptical disc are recovered in the equatorial and meridian planes respectively. We also emphasize the peaks associated with the travel paths of Rayleigh wave in spheroidal geometry appearing on the periodic orbits spectrum.

Lors des mesures acoustiques dans les souffleries à veine ouverte, les ondes acoustiques émises par une maquette ou une source située dans la veine se propagent dans la couche de cisaillement turbulente qui se forme aux abords du jet avant d’être reçues par les microphones localisés en dehors. L’onde acoustique interagit avec le champ de vitesse turbulent de la couche de mélange ce qui a pour effet de modifier son contenu spectral, de redistribuer spatialement son énergie et de moduler sa phase et son amplitude, on parle alors de diffusion acoustique. Cette thèse a consisté à l’étude de la diffusion d’une onde acoustique par une couche de cisaillement turbulente à l’aide d’une simulation numérique aux grandes échelles. Pour cela, il a d’abord été nécessaire de réaliser la simulation numérique aux grandes échelles d’une couche de cisaillement turbulente plane dans son régime auto-similaire. Dans un second temps, nous avons simulé l’interaction entre une onde acoustique et l’écoulement turbulent afin d’étudier les caractéristiques du champ de pression diffusé qui en résulte. Nous avons notamment vérifié que la simulation était capable de prédire précisément les fréquences sur lesquelles est répartie la plupart de l’énergie acoustique ainsi que la forme du spectre de pression diffusé. Finalement, le champ de vitesse du milieu turbulent qui est corrélé avec l’enveloppe du champ de pression diffusé a été reconstruit à l’aide de la méthode de l’estimation stochastique linéaire. Cette méthode nous a notamment permis de visualiser les larges structures turbulentes qui interviennent principalement dans le mécanisme de diffusion acoustique. / During open jet wind tunnel measurements, the acoustic waves emitted by a device or an acoustic source located inside the flow propagate inside the turbulent shear layer that develops at the periphery of the jet before being received by microphones located outside the flow. The acoustic wave interacts with the turbulent velocity field leading to a change of directivity, a phase and amplitude modulation as well as a spectral re-distribution of the acoustic energy over a band of frequencies. This phenomenon is known as acoustic scattering. This work has consisted in the study of the scattering of an acoustic wave by a turbulent shear layer using large-eddy simulation. The first step of the study has consisted in the large-eddy simulation of a turbulent shear layer in its self-similar state. In a second second step, the direct computation of the interaction between the acoustic wave and the turbulent flow has been performed in order to study the characteristics of the resulting scattered pressure field. It has been shown that the numerical simulation is able to accurately predict the frequencies on which the main part of the scattered energy is redistributed, as well as the shape of the scattered pressure spectrum. Finally, the turbulent velocity field which is correlated with the envelope of the scattered pressure field is reconstructed using the linear stochastic estimation method. This method has enabled the visualization of the large turbulent structures that mainly take part in the acoustic scattering mechanism.

To leverage the extreme parallelism of emerging architectures, so that scientific applications can fulfill their high fidelity and multi-physics potential while sustaining high efficiency relative to the limiting resource, numerical algorithms must be redesigned. Algorithmic redesign is capable of shifting the limiting resource, for example from memory or communication to arithmetic capacity. The benefit of algorithmic redesign expands greatly when introducing a tunable tradeoff between accuracy and resources. Scientific applications from diverse sources rely on dense matrix operations. These operations arise in: Schur complements, integral equations, covariances in spatial statistics, ridge regression, radial basis functions from unstructured meshes, and kernel matrices from machine learning, among others. This thesis demonstrates how to extend the problem sizes that may be treated and to reduce their execution time. Two “universes” of algorithmic innovations have emerged to improve computations by orders of magnitude in capacity and runtime. Each introduces a hierarchy, of rank or precision. Tile Low-Rank approximation replaces blocks of dense operator with those of low rank. Mixed precision approximation, increasingly well supported by contemporary hardware, replaces blocks of high with low precision. Herein, we design new high-performance direct solvers based on the synergism of TLR and mixed precision. Since adapting to data sparsity leads to heterogeneous workloads, we rely on task-based runtime systems to orchestrate the scheduling of fine-grained kernels onto computational resources. We first demonstrate how TLR permits to accelerate acoustic scattering and mesh deformation simulations. Our solvers outperform the state-of-art libraries by up to an order of magnitude. Then, we demonstrate the impact of enabling mixed precision in bioinformatics context. Mixed precision enhances the performance up to three-fold speedup. To facilitate the adoption of task-based runtime systems, we introduce the AL4SAN library to provide a common API for the expression and queueing of tasks across multiple dynamic runtime systems. This library handles a variety of workloads at a low overhead, while increasing user productivity. AL4SAN enables interoperability by switching runtimes at runtime, which permits to achieve a twofold speedup on a task-based generalized symmetric eigenvalue solver.

No description available.

La Décomposition Modale Empirique (EMD) est un outil de traitement de signal piloté par les données et dédié aux signaux non-stationnaires issus ou non de systèmes linéaires. L'idée de base de l'EMD est l'interpolation des extrema par des splines pour extraire de composantes oscillantes appelées modes empiriques intrinsèques (IMFs) et un résidu. Dans cette thèse, un nouvel algorithme de l'EMD est introduit où au lieu d'une interpolation rigide, un lissage est utilisé pour la construction des enveloppes supérieures et inférieures du signal à décomposer. Ce nouvel algorithme est plus robuste au bruit que l'EMD conventionnelle et réduit le nombre d'IMFs "artificielles" (sur-décomposition). En combinant le nouvel algorithme et la méthode de séparation d'énergie (ESA) basée sur l'Opérateur d'Energie de Teager-Kaiser (OETK), un nouveau schéma de démodulation des signaux AM-FM multi-composante appelé EMD-ESA est introduit. Différentes versions de l'EMD-ESA sont analysées en terme de performance. Pour l'analyse Temps-Fréquence (TF), une nouvelle formulation de la carte TF de l'EMD-ESA appelée Transformation de Teager-Huang (THT) est présentée. Cette nouvelle Représentation TF (RTF) ne présentant pas de termes d'interférences est comparée aux RTF classiques telles que le spectrogramme, le scalogramme, la distribution de Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), la Pseudo-WVD et la réallocation de la Pseudo-WVD. En combinant la nouvelle formulation de la THT et la transformée de Hough, une nouvelle méthode de détection des signaux multi-composante à modulation linéaire de fréquence dans le plan TF est présentée. Cette méthode de détection est appelée transformation de Teager-Huang-Hough (THHT). Les résultats de la THHT sont comparés à ceux de la transformée WVD-Hough. Finalement, l'analyse TF par THT et par des RTF classiques (WVD, spectrogramme, etc.) de signaux réels de rétrodiffusion par des coques cylindriques de dimensions et de caractéristiques physiques différentes est présentée. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'apport de la THT comme un outil TF.