The thesis "Addictive Substances and their Possible effect on Child Development" deals with the effects of addictive drugs used by pregnant women on their child's development. Firstly, the text focuses on common valid definitions and characteristics of addictive substances. The addictive substances are divided into two categories - illegal and legal drugs. Initially, key groups of addictive substances are described and then their individual representatives are portrayed briefly. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the period of prenatal development, which will serve as a comprehensive overview on the subject and will logically connect individual chapters. Another part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of drug-addicted mothers, describes the specific traits of drug addicted pregnant women. Moreover, in this part pregnant women with dual diagnosis are described. Last but not least, the theoretical part of the thesis will explain complications that arise in infants right after childbirth, especially the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) or infection. There will also be discussed the long-term consequences such as disorders associated with attention, behavior disorders, learning or congenital malformation. This work aims to find out whether children of...

Pour appréhender l'ensemble du problème addictif et proposer une prise en charge appropriée, une évaluation multifactorielle est nécessaire. Les données récentes soulignent que le champ des addictions aux substances doit être étendu au champ des addictions comportementales. Une des lacunes dans la compréhension des troubles addictifs et de leur prise en charge pourrait être due à un manque d'outils d'évaluation standardisés qui évaluent l'ensemble des composantes de l'addiction et leurs répercussions dans différents domaines de la vie du sujet. Dans le champ des addictions aux substances, l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) est l'outil le plus utilisé mondialement. L'ASI est un instrument qui évaluent les sujets pour la clinique ou la recherche. En France, notre groupe de recherche utilise l'ASI depuis 1992 pour la clinique et la recherche. Nous avons décidé de modifier l'ASI en y ajoutant de nouvelles sections. Depuis 2006, la version française modifiée de l'ASI présente donc des items évaluant l'usage de tabac (Section Tabac) et également des items permettant l'évaluation des comportements addictifs sans substance comme le jeu, le jeu d'argent et de hasard et les troubles du comportement alimentaire. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier la validité de la version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) chez des sujets pris en charge pour au moins une addiction dans des centres de soins spécialisés en addictologie. Les résultats montraient une très bonne validité des données de consommations de substances rapportées par les sujets. Les sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de hasard avaient été montrées comme valides. La version modifiée de l'ASI semble être un bon outil permettant l'évaluation de la sévérité de l'ensemble des comportements addictifs. Cette adaptation fait de l'ASI modifié le premier outil qui permet d'évaluer l'ensemble des troubles addictifs et qui ne mesure pas uniquement la quantité, la durée et l'intensité de ces troubles. Elle va permettre d'aider le clinicien à mettre en place une prise en charge la plus adaptée et aux chercheurs de caractériser et de comparer les différentes addictions afin de dégager des différences et des similitudes. / A multidimensional assessment is key to understand the addiction problem and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Recent findings support the scope that addictive disorders should include non-substance use disorders. A significant problem in understanding and managing the addictive disorders may be related to the lack of standardized instruments for assessing problems or other aspects of life that are affected by these pathologies. For the assessment of substance users exists a widely used instrument, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The ASI is an instrument that assesses subjects for both clinical and research purposes. In France, our research group used the ASI since 1992 for both clinical and research purposes. We decided to modify the French translation of the ASI and added some new items. Since 2006, the French modified ASI includes items to assess tobacco use but also non-substance addictive behaviors including gaming, gambling and eating disorders. The overall objective of this dissertation was to assess the validity of the French modified ASI in several samples of clients who sought treatment in outpatient addiction clinics. The findings showed a good validity of the self-reported substance use. The validity of the Tobacco section as well as the Gaming/Gambling section have been shown. The French modified ASI is a suitable instrument for assessing any type of addiction-related disorders. This adaptation makes the modified ASI the first instrument that assesses all possible addictive behaviors regardless of the type of the addiction and that measures more than just the quantity, duration, and intensity of addictive behaviors. ASI may be helpful for clinicians in helping them to design the best treatment plans for a patient, for policy makers to objectively understand the need in treatment, care centers or other institutions but also for researchers to measure contemporary issues in addiction treatment and to find similarities and differences between type of addiction.

This thesis analyzes regulation, prescription and prohibition of drugs in condition of their mutual substitution with other addictive substances in the Czech Republic; thesis investigates prices' and cross-prices' elasticities of substances and their markets. Comparison is made between regulated legal markets of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes, non-prohibitively regulated markets of pharmaceuticals and prohibited markets of illegal drugs. The thesis concludes that the demand for drugs is not price elastic. The demand for drugs is price inelastic but not perfectly price inelastic, as can be deduced based on the concept of A Theory of Rational Addiction developed by Gary S. Becker. The price of drugs, therefore, to some extent affects consumption. This opens the room to influence demand through pricing mechanism. The thesis also verifies The Theory of Economic Regulation developed by George J. Stigler and confirms that due to some substitution relationships between addictive substances it is possible speculate about the interests of producers of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and pharmaceuticals for prohibition of drugs. Interests of producers of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes confirm their mutually complementary linkages.

La première étude porte sur les conditions de l’acceptabilité des politiques de l’Etat face aux drogues: 225 sujets tout-venant ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité dans 28 scénarios issus de la combinaison de trois facteurs: campagnes d’information, demande intérieure en drogue, action de l’État (du laissez-faire à l’interdiction). La seconde étude porte sur les conditions de la responsabilité de l’État dans le cas d’un décès lié à la consommation de substance: 234 sujets ont jugé du degré de responsabilité dans 80 scénarios issus de la combinaison de cinq facteurs: relation consommation/maladie, temps depuis lequel la nocivité est connue, généralité du risque, consommation, action de l’État (du monopole à l’interdiction des ventes). Nos études s’appuient sur une méthode issue de la théorie fonctionnelle de la cognition (Anderson, 1981). La première étude permet d’identifier trois clusters: les régulationnistes (42%), en faveur d’une réglementation totale par l’État, les radicaux (32%), pour qui aucune des politiques n’est acceptable, les prohibitionnistes (26%), en faveur d’une interdiction totale à condition que des campagnes soient menées. La politique du laissez-faire est jugée par tous comme étant la plus inacceptable. La seconde étude fait apparaître trois clusters: un plus au centre (44%), un plus à gauche (38%), un plus à droite (17%). Celui de droite a tendance à attribuer moins de responsabilité à l’État et est plus sensible aux preuves scientifiques. Un consensus montre que l’État se dégage de toute responsabilité seulement s’il interdit totalement les ventes. Dans les autres cas, l'État est perçu comme partiellement responsable quand la santé d'un consommateur se détériore. / Our first study relates to the conditions of perceived acceptability of State policies regarding drugs: 225 randomly selected subjects judged the degree of State policy acceptability in 28 scenarios derived from the combination of three factors: information campaigns, interior drug demand, State policy (from laisser-faire to prohibition). Our second study relates to the conditions of perceived State responsibility when a death linked to substance consumption occurred: 234 subjects judged the degree of State responsibility in 80 scenarios derived from the combination of five factors: relationship between consumption/disease, amount of time since the substance toxicity is known, risk generality, consumption, State action (from State monopoly to sale interdiction). Our studies rely on a method derived from the functional theory of cognition (Anderson, 1981). The first study identifies three clusters: the regulationists (42%), who favor total regulation by the State, the radicals (32%), for who none of the policies are acceptable, and the prohibitionists (26%), who favor a total interdiction with the condition of information campaigns. The policy of the laissez faire is judged by all groups as being the most inacceptable. In the second study, three clusters are separated: centrist-dominated (44%), leftist-dominated (38%) and rightist-dominated (17%). The rightists tend to attribute less responsibility to the state and are less sensitive to scientific evidences than the leftists. A consensus between groups is that the State is freed from responsibility when sales are totally forbidden. In other cases, the State is perceived as partially responsible when a consumer’s health deteriorates.

<p>Studiens syfte var att undersöka om naturläkemedlet Ibogain kunde vara en bra behandling för missbruk. För att kunna besvara detta har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med fyra personer som genomgått Ibogain-behandling och en psykolog/psykoterapeut på en beroendeklink, Lars Lundell. Utöver dessa intervjuer har en klinik i London besökts som utför Ibogain-behandling. På kliniken gjordes en observationsstudie av behandlingen, samt intervjuer med klinikchefen Dr Brackenridge och en av hans patienter, i uppsatsen kallad Will. Studiens perspektiv utgår från informanterna och våra egna observationer om Ibogain-behandling. Intervjufrågorna har bildats utifrån dessa 3 frågeställningar:</p><p>1. Hur går en behandling tillväga rent praktiskt?</p><p>2. Hur har livet påverkats av Ibogain-behandling?</p><p>3. Vilken syn har informanterna på Ibogain-behandling?</p><p>I analysen söktes gemensamma nämnare och skillnader i informanternas svar, uppdelat i de tidigare nämnda frågeställningarna. Sedan tolkades denna information med hjälp av litteratur, observationer och egna tankar.</p><p>I studien ges en mycket samstämmig syn på att utan Ibogain-behandling hade troligtvis inte informanterna varit i livet idag.</p><p>Resultatet visar tydligt på att informanterna upplever att de fått en mycket bättre livskvalité efter behandlingen.</p><p>Av de uppgifter som framkommit i studien anser vi att Ibogain är att rekommendera.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate if the naturally occurring substance Ibogaine could be a good treatment for substance abuse. In order to answer this question, qualitative interviews have been performed with five persons who have been subject to Ibogain treatment and one psychologist/psychotherapist at an addiction treatment clinic, Lars Lundell.</p><p>In addition to these interviews an Ibogaine treatment clinic located in London has been visited. At the clinic an observational study of the treatment was carried out as well as interviews with the responsible physician Dr Brackenridge one of his patients, named Will in this paper. The perspective of this study is substance abuse treatment with Ibogaine based on the informants experiences and our own observations.</p><p>The interviews have been formed based on the following three questions:</p><p>1. How is a treatment carried out?</p><p>2. How have their lives been affected by the Ibogain treatment?</p><p>3. What are the informant’s views on Ibogain treatment?</p><p>The analysis was made looking for similarities and dissimilarities in the informants answers, divided into the three previously described questions. This information was subsequently interpreted using literature, observations and our own thoughts.</p><p>The study shows that among the informants there is an almost unanimous opinion that without the Ibogaine treatment they would not be alive today.</p><p>The study clearly shows that the informants feel that they have a much better quality of life after the treatment. The conclusion of this study is that Ibogaine can be a successful treatment for substance abuse.</p>

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om naturläkemedlet Ibogain kunde vara en bra behandling för missbruk. För att kunna besvara detta har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med fyra personer som genomgått Ibogain-behandling och en psykolog/psykoterapeut på en beroendeklink, Lars Lundell. Utöver dessa intervjuer har en klinik i London besökts som utför Ibogain-behandling. På kliniken gjordes en observationsstudie av behandlingen, samt intervjuer med klinikchefen Dr Brackenridge och en av hans patienter, i uppsatsen kallad Will. Studiens perspektiv utgår från informanterna och våra egna observationer om Ibogain-behandling. Intervjufrågorna har bildats utifrån dessa 3 frågeställningar: 1. Hur går en behandling tillväga rent praktiskt? 2. Hur har livet påverkats av Ibogain-behandling? 3. Vilken syn har informanterna på Ibogain-behandling? I analysen söktes gemensamma nämnare och skillnader i informanternas svar, uppdelat i de tidigare nämnda frågeställningarna. Sedan tolkades denna information med hjälp av litteratur, observationer och egna tankar. I studien ges en mycket samstämmig syn på att utan Ibogain-behandling hade troligtvis inte informanterna varit i livet idag. Resultatet visar tydligt på att informanterna upplever att de fått en mycket bättre livskvalité efter behandlingen. Av de uppgifter som framkommit i studien anser vi att Ibogain är att rekommendera. / The purpose of this study was to investigate if the naturally occurring substance Ibogaine could be a good treatment for substance abuse. In order to answer this question, qualitative interviews have been performed with five persons who have been subject to Ibogain treatment and one psychologist/psychotherapist at an addiction treatment clinic, Lars Lundell. In addition to these interviews an Ibogaine treatment clinic located in London has been visited. At the clinic an observational study of the treatment was carried out as well as interviews with the responsible physician Dr Brackenridge one of his patients, named Will in this paper. The perspective of this study is substance abuse treatment with Ibogaine based on the informants experiences and our own observations. The interviews have been formed based on the following three questions: 1. How is a treatment carried out? 2. How have their lives been affected by the Ibogain treatment? 3. What are the informant’s views on Ibogain treatment? The analysis was made looking for similarities and dissimilarities in the informants answers, divided into the three previously described questions. This information was subsequently interpreted using literature, observations and our own thoughts. The study shows that among the informants there is an almost unanimous opinion that without the Ibogaine treatment they would not be alive today. The study clearly shows that the informants feel that they have a much better quality of life after the treatment. The conclusion of this study is that Ibogaine can be a successful treatment for substance abuse.

Svarbią vietą psichikos sveikatos priežiūroje, keldamos rimtą grėsmę modernios valstybės vizijai ir sėkmingai ekonominei bei socialinei plėtrai, užima priklausomybės ligos. Lietuvai įsitvirtinant Vakarų erdvėje, valstybė turi nukreipti Lietuvos ekonomiką laiduoti prieinamą, laiku suteikiamą, saugią bei veiksmingą sveikatos, tame tarpe ir psichikos sveikatos, priežiūrą, nes šalies žmonių sveikata priklauso nuo socialinių ir ekonominių sąlygų, o nuo žmonių sveikatos priklauso valstybės ekonominis klestėjimas. Plečiantis teikiamų priklausomybės ligų gydymo bei prevencijos paslaugų tinklui būtina pasirūpinti valstybiniu reguliavimu, kurio paskirtis optimalus šios sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų dalies sistemos efektyvumas. Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti administraciniu teisiniu požiūriu priklausomybių ligų bei su jomis susijusių procesų valstybinio reguliavimo mechanizmą ir pateikti šio mechanizmo sėkmingo veikimo reglamentavimo problemas. Nagrinėjant pasirinktą temą, buvo atlikta teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių priklausomybės ligas bei su jomis susijusius procesus, analizė; panaudojant anketinį metodą, buvo apklausti ekspertai, dirbantys priklausomybės ligų gydymo bei prevencijos paslaugų teikimo srityse, siekiant ištirti jų patirtį/požiūrį į priklausomybių ligų bei su jomis susijusių procesų valstybinį reguliavimą, funkcijų pasiskirstymą tarp šių procesų valdymo subjektų. Susisteminus gautus duomenis, juos įvertinus, suformuluotos išvados bei siūlymai. / The objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanism of state regulation of addictive disorders and processes related thereto from the administrative legal point of view and to present the problems of regulation of the successful mechanism operation. Analysing the chosen topic, the study of legal acts regulating addictive disorders and processes related thereto was made; using a questionnaire method, experts working in the field of addictive disorders treatment and the provision of prevention services were surveyed in order to find out about their experience/attitude towards the state regulation of addictive disorders and processes related thereto as well as the distribution of functions among parties managing these processes. / Abhängigkeitskrankheiten nehmen in der Pflege der psychischen Gesundheit einen wichtigen Platz ein, indem sie für die Vision eines modernen Staates und die erfolgreiche wirtschaftliche sowie soziale Entwicklung eine erhebliche Gefahr darstellen. Während sich Litauen in dem westeuropäischen Raum einbürgert, muss der Staat die Wirtschaft Litauens in die Richtung lenken, einen rechtzeitigen, sicheren und effektiven Zugang zur Gesundheitspflege, darunter auch zur Pflege der psychischen Gesundheit, zu leisten, weil die Gesundheit der Bürger direkt von den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen und das wirtschaftliche Wachstum des Staates von der Gesundheit der Menschen abhängt. Das Netz der zu erweisenden Dienstleistungen zur Vorbeugung sowie Behandlung von Abhängigkeitskrankheiten wird immer größer, deswegen muss eine staatliche Regulierung geschaffen werden, welche das Ziel verfolgen würde, eine optimale Systemeffizienz in diesem Teil der Dienstleistungen zur Gesundheitspflege zu erreichen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, den Mechanismus der staatlichen Regulierung von Abhängigkeitskrankheiten und damit verbundener Prozesse unter dem verwaltungsrechtlichen Standpunkt einzuschätzen und die Reglamentierungsprobleme der wirkungsvollen Anwendung von diesem Mechanismus darzustellen. Bei der Analyse des gewählten Themas wurden Rechtsakte, die die Abhängigkeitskrankheiten und damit verbundene Prozesse reglamentieren, untersucht. Durch die Anwendung der Fragebogen-Methode... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]

Problema. Visuomenėje stebimas paauglių elgesio problemos augimas ir sveikatos blogėjimas. Daugelis socialinių problemų, tokių kaip savižudybės, rūkymas, alkoholio ir narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas, nesugebėjimas prisitaikyti bendruomenėje yra susiję su asmens neigiama savigarba. Tyrusieji šiuos reiškinius nustatė, kad paauglystėje tarp savigarbos ir žalingų įpročių yra ryšys. Todėl siekiant pažinti ir įvertinti paauglio psichologinę savijautą, svarbu išanalizuoti psichologinius mechanizmus, sąlygojančius priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo ir patiriamų problemų sąsajų su savigarba atsiradimą. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo ir patiriamų problemų sąsajas su savigarba. Metodai. Tyrime naudota anketa, kurią sudaro klausimai apie alkoholio, tabako ir kitų priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimą, M. Rosenberg savigarbos skalė ir paauglių problemų atrankos testas. Tiriamasis kontingentas. Tiriamasis darbas buvo atliekamas Ignalinos rajono gimnazijoje I-II klasių moksleiviams. Dalyvauti tyrime sutiko 200 moksleivių, tačiau teisingai anketas užpildė 154 moksleiviai: 61 berniukas (39,6%) ir 93 mergaitės (60,4%). Paauglių amžius nuo15 iki 17 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 16 metų. Rezultatai. Paauglių savigarba yra susijusi su priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimu ir patiriamomis problemomis. Didelę reikšmę paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimui bei jų agresyviam elgesiui turi paauglių savigarba. / Background. In nowadays society there is a big growth in adolescents behavior problems and health deterioration. Most of the social problems, such as suicides, smoking, use of alcohol and drugs, adaptability difficulties in different social groups, are related to negative self-esteem. Researchers have found that there is a link between adolescents self-esteem and addiction. On purpose to understand and assess psychological well-being of a teenager, it is important to analyze psychological mechanisms, which can influence development of correlation problems in self-esteem and addictive substances use with experienced problems. Objective. Find correlations between teenagers‘ self-esteem and addictive substances use with experienced problems. Measures. In this study it was used a questionnaire, which includes questions about the use of alkohol, tobacco and other addictive substances, M. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and adolescent problems scale screening test. Participants. Research work was carried out in Ignalina gymnasium for I-II year students. 200 students agreed to participate in a study, but only 154 students completed questionaires correctly: 61 boy (39.6%) and 93 girls (60.4%). Age of adolescents was between 15 and 17, avarage age - 16 years old. Results. Adolescents self-esteem is strongly related to addictive substance use with experienced problems. There is a great importance of adolescents self-esteem to addictive substance use and their aggressive behavior... [to full text]

Šio darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti kaip įsitraukimas į kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimą siejasi su paauglių agresyviu elgesiu bei kaip gimimo eiliškumas siejasi su įsitraukimu į kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimą ir priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimu. Atliktame tyrime dalyvavo 224 10, 11 ir 12 klasių Jurbarko Giedraičio-Giedriaus gimnazijos mokiniai, kurių amžius 16 - 19 m. 14 apklausoje dalyvavusių paauglių yra mergaitės, 75 – berniukai. Kiekvienas tiriamasis turėjo užpildyti po keletą klausimynų: Įsitraukimą į kompiuterinius žaidimus matuojančią skalę ir Buss – Durkee klausimyną paauglio agresyvumo lygiui vertinti. Tiriamųjų buvo paprašyta atsakyti į 116 anketos klausimų. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad didesnis įsitraukimas į kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimą siejasi su didesne fiziniu agresyviu elgesiu tarp merginų. Fizinis agresyvus elgesys tarp vaikinų nesiskiria skirtingo įsitraukimo į kompiuterinius žaidimus grupėse. Verbalinis agresyvus elgesys vienodai būdingas tiek mažiau įsitraukusiems į kompiuterinius žaidimus paaugliams, tiek ir daugiau įsitraukusiems. T skirtų paaugliams ir M skirtų subrendusiesiems kategorijų kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimas nesisieja su didesniu paauglių agresyviu elgesiu. Taip pat didesnis įsitraukimas į kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimą nesisieja su didesniu priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimu tarp vaikinų. Didesnis įsitraukimas į kompiuterinių žaidimų žaidimą siejasi su didesniu merginų alkoholio ir kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this work was to determine how involvement in computer game play is associated with adolescent aggressive behaviour and how birth order refers to the access to computer game play and consumption of addictive substanes. The research was conducted with 224 students from 10, 11 and 12 classes in Jurbarkas Giedraitis - Giedrius High School, aged 16 - 19. There were 14 girls and 75 boys among surveyed teenagers. Each had to answer several questionnaires: involvement in computer games, measuring scale and Buss – Durkee questionnaire to access the level of adolescent aggression. Subjects were asked to answer 116 questions. The results showed that greater involvement in computer game play associated with greater physical agressive behaviour among girls. The physical aggressive behaviour among boys is no different to the involvement of different groups of computer games. Verbal aggressive behaviour is equally inherent for less or more involving in computer games among teenagers.T for teens and M for mature categories, computer games play is not associated with greater aggressive behaviour among teenagers. It is also greater involvement in computer game play is not associated with higher consumption of addictive substance using among boys. Increased involvement in comouter game play is associated with increased female using of alcohol and other drugs. Birth order in the family is not associated with higher consumption of addictive substance using and greater... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti lietuvių, airių ir Airijoje gyvenančių lietuvių sveikatą žalojančio elgesio ypatumus. Tyrime dalyvavo 422 (237 moterys ir 185 vyrai) 18- 65 metų tiriamieji: iš jų 147 lietuviai, 133 airiai ir 142 Airijoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Siekiant nustatyti rūkymo vartojimo intensyvumą, naudota dalis klausimų iš A.Goštauto (1999) mokymo medžiagos sveikatos psichologijos kursui; alkoholio vartojimui tirti paimta PSO Alkoholio vartojimo sutrikimų nustatymo testas (AUDIT); narkotinių medžiagų vartojimui tirti paimta PSO alkoholio, rūkymo ir kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimo nustatymo testas (ASSIST V3); nepakankamam fiziniam aktyvumui tirti naudota Tarptautinio fizinio aktyvumo klausimyno trumpoji, lietuviška versija, paimta iš oficialaus International Physical Activity Questionnaire; nesveikos mitybos įpročiams įvertinti paimtas G. Turconi, M. Celsa (2003) mitybos klausimynas (A Dietary Questionnaire on food habits, eating behaviour and nutritional knowledge); rizikingam varavimui įvertinti naudotas J. Reason ir D. Parker (1990) Vairuotojų elgesio klausimynas (Drive Behavior Questionaire). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Airijoje ir Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai rūko daugiau nei airiai; Airijoje ir Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai bei airiai vartoja alkoholį vienodai vyrų grupėje, Airijoje gyvenančios lietuvės vartoja daugiau alkoholio nei Lietuvoje gyvenančios lietuvės bet mažiau nei airės; Airijoje bei Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai ir airiai pagal narkotinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Aim of the Survey: determine specific features of health destructive behaviour of Lithuanians, Irish and Lithuanians living in Ireland. 422 subjects (237 females and 185 males), aged 18- 65, participated in the survey: 147 Lithuanians, 133 Irish and 142 Lithuanians living in Ireland. In order to determine cigarette consumption and smoking intensity, a portion of questions, provided in A.Goštautas teaching material (1999), prepared for health psychology course, has been used; to conduct survey on alcohol consumption, The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), developed by WHO, has been applied; to conduct survey on drug consumption, The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3), developed by WHO, has been used; to conduct survey on lack of physical activity, a short Lithuanian version of official International Physical Activity Questionnaire has been used; to assess unhealthy nutrition habits, A Dietary Questionnaire on Food Habits, Eating Behaviour and Nutritional Knowledge by G. Turconi, M. Celsa (2003) has been applied; to assess risky driving behaviour, A Drive Behaviour Questionnaire by J. Reason and D. Parker (1990) has been applied. Survey results have demonstrated that Lithuanians living in Ireland and Lithuania smoke more than Irish; Lithuanians living in Ireland and Lithuania and Irish consume alcohol equally in a group of surveyed males, Lithuanian women living in Ireland consume more alcohol than Lithuanian women living... [to full text]