El objetivo general del presente trabajo es explicar, desde el marco epistemológico correspondiente, cómo se organiza el conocimiento en la administración. En otras palabras, se exponen y se explican los puntos de vista que existen sobre la naturaleza y organización del conocimiento en las ciencias administrativas. En primer lugar, se explica la perspectiva de comprender a la administración como ciencia. Luego, se exponen los fundamentos que la conciben como una disciplina científica transdisciplinaria y compleja, decisiva para tomar decisiones de impacto social. A continuación, se explica la perspectiva que asume a la administración como una técnica o conjunto de técnicas destinadas a gestionar el trabajo y sus recursos. Asimismo, se explica la perspectiva que concibe a la administración como una tecnología relacionada con las actuales tendencias de la globalización. También se expone la perspectiva que la conceptualiza como ciencia y arte. Finalmente, se explica la literatura que concibe a la administración como ciencia social. Nuestro aporte consiste en interpretar a las ciencias administrativas como ciencias humanas. Metodológicamente, este trabajo es cualitativo. Por un lado, se constituye en una investigación documental que aplica las técnicas de recolección, evaluación, selección y registro de las fuentes necesarias, y, por otro lado, analiza y sistematiza esas fuentes. Se debe enfatizar la importancia de la investigación por dos motivos fundamentales: el tema por desarrollar corresponde de forma central a la línea de investigación de las ciencias administrativas e intenta responder a interrogantes que indagan acerca de los basamentos esenciales de esas ciencias. / The general objective of this work is to explain, from the corresponding epistemological framework, how knowledge is organized in the administration. In other words, the views that exist on the nature and organization of knowledge in administrative sciences are exposed and explained. First, the perspective of understanding management as a science is explained. Then, the fundamentals that conceive it as a transdisciplinary and complex scientific discipline, decisive for making decisions of social impact, are exposed. Next, the perspective assumed by the administration as a technique or set of techniques aimed at managing the work and its resources is explained. It also explains the perspective that conceives the administration as a technology related to the current trends of globalization. The perspective that conceptualizes it as science and art is also exposed. Finally, the literature that conceives of the administration as social science is explained. Our contribution is to interpret administrative sciences as human sciences. Methodologically, this work is qualitative, on the one hand, it constitutes a documentary investigation that applies the techniques of collection, evaluation, selection and registration of the necessary sources, and, on the other hand, analyzes and systematizes those sources. It should be noted that research is two fundamental reasons: because the topic to be developed corresponds centrally to the line of research in administrative sciences and because it attempts to answer questions that inquire about the essential foundations of those sciences. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

En esta investigación se aborda el desarrollo bibliográfico discursivo “Administración: practica y disciplina del saber”, un tema importante para entender y profundizar los conocimientos sobre este campo. En primer lugar, esta investigación busca explicar de manera detallada los principios y orígenes de la teoría y práctica de la administración, para la recolección de información y aclaración de paradigmas entre uno y otro. Se hará énfasis en el significado real de la administración y su epistemología, donde se detallan los orígenes filosóficos, su objeto y naturaleza. Luego, se expone las posturas de diversos autores sobre la administración práctica y la disciplina del saber y la simbiosis entre estas. Por último, la investigación presenta un análisis sobre las mallas curriculares de la carrera de Administración de Empresas de las diferentes universidades de Lima, desde el punto de vista práctico y teórico. / This research addresses the discursive bibliographic development "Administration: practice and discipline of knowledge", an important topic to understand and deepen knowledge in this field. First, this research seeks to explain in detail the principles and origins of the theory and practice of administration, for the collection of information and clarification of paradigms between one and the other. Emphasis will be placed on the real meaning of administration and its epistemology, where the philosophical origins, its object and nature are detailed. Then, the positions of different authors on the practical administration and discipline of knowledge and the symbiosis between them are presented. Finally, the research presents an analysis of the curricula of the business administration career of the different universities of Lima, from the practical and theoretical point of view. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

This dissertation examines the administrative principles found in retired Supreme Court Justice Byron White's administrative law case opinions. The purposes of the dissertation are to explore and identify the dominant themes found in White's administrative law opinions and to discover what public administration can learn from a Supreme Court justice who took more than a passing interest in governance matters.This study has the following research expectations: • There is an identifiable White administrative law jurisprudence; • Within this jurisprudence, there are principles that recognize and are sensitive to the demands of modern governance; and • White's administrative thought can be translated and used by public administrators to guide and instruct their work.The first part of the dissertation is descriptive as the dominant themes in White's administrative law jurisprudence are identified and examined. Standard case briefing analysis is used for this exploration. The second half of the project is normative, wherein Rohr's 'regime values' framework is used to explore what public administrators may learn from studying White's administrative law opinions. Moreover, this section of the dissertation will explore the extent to which White's conception of modern governance incorporates what scholars have referred to as the judicialization of the modern administrative state by the federal courts and what is White's conception of a constitutionally competent civil servant. / Ph. D.

Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, o setor público viu-se sob maior pressão para melhorar seu desempenho e demonstrar maior transparência e avaliação de resultados. Historicamente, o setor público brasileiro apresenta uma estrutura departamental e burocrática, o que dificulta a coordenação das atividades e diminui a eficiência e a eficácia de seus serviços. Diante desta realidade, algumas instituições públicas do setor brasileiro vêm buscando melhorias em sua forma de operar. A abordagem por processo fornece uma alternativa para a estrutura estática e fragmentada da organização, proporcionando uma visão sistêmica, com foco no cliente ou cidadão. Neste contexto, o objeto de estudo deste trabalho foram as instituições públicas de ensino superior (IPES) brasileiras, com foco no aperfeiçoamento de seus processos administrativos. Os objetivos alcançados com o trabalho foram os seguintes: estudo das características administrativas de instituições públicas de ensino superior brasileiras, sua forma de operar e sua cultura organizacional; pesquisa sobre metodologias de aperfeiçoamento de processos, desenvolvidas tanto no setor privado como no setor público; realização de estudo de múltiplos casos de aperfeiçoamento de processos administrativos em IPES; identificação de padrões e diferenças entre os casos estudados, avaliando os modelos viáveis em diferentes situações; e, por fim, proposta de modelo de aperfeiçoamento de processos administrativos para IPES, com base nos casos estudados. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação direta (a autora participou dos casos como consultora), análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como conclusão deste trabalho, foi possível identificar atividades que devem ser enfatizadas ao se realizar intervenções de mudança em IPES brasileiras: (1) Preparar a organização para a intervenção - atividade essencial para o sucesso das mudanças, necessária para se obter uma compreensão adequada dos objetivos da intervenção e o comprometimento de todos, inclusive da alta direção; (2) Implantar melhorias nos processos com a participação ativa dos funcionários, que devem ter alto grau de autonomia na geração de sugestões de melhoria, visando obter maior motivação e menor resistência às mudanças; (3) Capacitar os funcionários da organização, difundindo os conceitos e técnicas utilizados durante a intervenção, com o objetivo de obter participação ativa dos mesmos e aumentar a motivação e a compreensão sobre os trabalhos executados; (4) Divulgar os resultados alcançados para motivar a continuação dos trabalhos; (5) Criação de grupo interno, com o objetivo de dar suporte aos gestores dos processos e de dar continuidade aos trabalhos. Considerando que na literatura existem poucos relatos sobre aperfeiçoamento de processos no setor público brasileiro, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho consistem em contribuição para a teoria, uma vez que abrangem fatores específicos do setor público e sua influência sobre programas de melhoria. Além disso, diante da grande necessidade de melhoria dos processos administrativos do setor, a descrição dos casos e a análise dos resultados das intervenções apresentam evidente aplicação prática, uma vez que proporcionam uma base para trabalhos futuros. / During the past two decades, the public sector has been under pressure for improving its performance and showing more transparency and assessment of results. Historically, the Brazilian public sector has developed a departmental and bureaucratic structure, which makes difficult the activity coordination and service efficiency and efficacy. In this scenario, some public institutions of the Brazilian public sector have searched for improvements in its modus operandi. Process approach provides an alternative to the static and fragmented structure of organization, providing a systemic vision, focused on the customer or citizen. In this context, the object of the present study were Public Institutions of Undergraduate Education (PIUE), focusing on their administrative processes. The objectives reached with this work were: study of administrative PIUE characteristics, their modus operandi and organizational culture; research of process improvement methodologies, developed both in private and public sectors; multiple-case study of administrative process improvement in PIUE; identification of patterns and differences in the studied cases, evaluating viable models in different situations; and, finally, proposal of a model for administrative process improvement in PIUE, based on the studied cases. The methodology used was multiple-case study, with qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation (authors participated in cases as consultants), documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. As conclusion of the present work, it was possible to identify activities that must be emphasized in leading change interventions in Brazilian PIUE: (1) Prepare organization to intervention - essential to change success and necessary to obtain an appropriate comprehension of interventions\' objectives and the compromise of all, including high direction; (2) Implement process improvement with active participation of employees, which must have high autonomy level in generating improvement suggestions, in order to obtain more motivation and less change resistance; (3) Capacitate organizations employees, diffusing the concepts and techniques used during intervention, with the objective of obtaining active participation and improving motivation and work comprehension; (4) Report the results obtained to motivate work continuity; (5) Create an internal group, to support process owners and continue with the work. Considering that there are few academic studies about process improvement in the Brazilian public sector, the results obtained in this work consist of contribution to theory, since they enclose specific aspects of the public sector and their influence in improvement programs. Moreover, given the major need for improvement of the administrative processes of the sector, the cases description and the analysis of the interventions\' results present evident practical application, because they provide a base for future work.

Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, o setor público viu-se sob maior pressão para melhorar seu desempenho e demonstrar maior transparência e avaliação de resultados. Historicamente, o setor público brasileiro apresenta uma estrutura departamental e burocrática, o que dificulta a coordenação das atividades e diminui a eficiência e a eficácia de seus serviços. Diante desta realidade, algumas instituições públicas do setor brasileiro vêm buscando melhorias em sua forma de operar. A abordagem por processo fornece uma alternativa para a estrutura estática e fragmentada da organização, proporcionando uma visão sistêmica, com foco no cliente ou cidadão. Neste contexto, o objeto de estudo deste trabalho foram as instituições públicas de ensino superior (IPES) brasileiras, com foco no aperfeiçoamento de seus processos administrativos. Os objetivos alcançados com o trabalho foram os seguintes: estudo das características administrativas de instituições públicas de ensino superior brasileiras, sua forma de operar e sua cultura organizacional; pesquisa sobre metodologias de aperfeiçoamento de processos, desenvolvidas tanto no setor privado como no setor público; realização de estudo de múltiplos casos de aperfeiçoamento de processos administrativos em IPES; identificação de padrões e diferenças entre os casos estudados, avaliando os modelos viáveis em diferentes situações; e, por fim, proposta de modelo de aperfeiçoamento de processos administrativos para IPES, com base nos casos estudados. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação direta (a autora participou dos casos como consultora), análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como conclusão deste trabalho, foi possível identificar atividades que devem ser enfatizadas ao se realizar intervenções de mudança em IPES brasileiras: (1) Preparar a organização para a intervenção - atividade essencial para o sucesso das mudanças, necessária para se obter uma compreensão adequada dos objetivos da intervenção e o comprometimento de todos, inclusive da alta direção; (2) Implantar melhorias nos processos com a participação ativa dos funcionários, que devem ter alto grau de autonomia na geração de sugestões de melhoria, visando obter maior motivação e menor resistência às mudanças; (3) Capacitar os funcionários da organização, difundindo os conceitos e técnicas utilizados durante a intervenção, com o objetivo de obter participação ativa dos mesmos e aumentar a motivação e a compreensão sobre os trabalhos executados; (4) Divulgar os resultados alcançados para motivar a continuação dos trabalhos; (5) Criação de grupo interno, com o objetivo de dar suporte aos gestores dos processos e de dar continuidade aos trabalhos. Considerando que na literatura existem poucos relatos sobre aperfeiçoamento de processos no setor público brasileiro, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho consistem em contribuição para a teoria, uma vez que abrangem fatores específicos do setor público e sua influência sobre programas de melhoria. Além disso, diante da grande necessidade de melhoria dos processos administrativos do setor, a descrição dos casos e a análise dos resultados das intervenções apresentam evidente aplicação prática, uma vez que proporcionam uma base para trabalhos futuros. / During the past two decades, the public sector has been under pressure for improving its performance and showing more transparency and assessment of results. Historically, the Brazilian public sector has developed a departmental and bureaucratic structure, which makes difficult the activity coordination and service efficiency and efficacy. In this scenario, some public institutions of the Brazilian public sector have searched for improvements in its modus operandi. Process approach provides an alternative to the static and fragmented structure of organization, providing a systemic vision, focused on the customer or citizen. In this context, the object of the present study were Public Institutions of Undergraduate Education (PIUE), focusing on their administrative processes. The objectives reached with this work were: study of administrative PIUE characteristics, their modus operandi and organizational culture; research of process improvement methodologies, developed both in private and public sectors; multiple-case study of administrative process improvement in PIUE; identification of patterns and differences in the studied cases, evaluating viable models in different situations; and, finally, proposal of a model for administrative process improvement in PIUE, based on the studied cases. The methodology used was multiple-case study, with qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation (authors participated in cases as consultants), documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. As conclusion of the present work, it was possible to identify activities that must be emphasized in leading change interventions in Brazilian PIUE: (1) Prepare organization to intervention - essential to change success and necessary to obtain an appropriate comprehension of interventions\' objectives and the compromise of all, including high direction; (2) Implement process improvement with active participation of employees, which must have high autonomy level in generating improvement suggestions, in order to obtain more motivation and less change resistance; (3) Capacitate organizations employees, diffusing the concepts and techniques used during intervention, with the objective of obtaining active participation and improving motivation and work comprehension; (4) Report the results obtained to motivate work continuity; (5) Create an internal group, to support process owners and continue with the work. Considering that there are few academic studies about process improvement in the Brazilian public sector, the results obtained in this work consist of contribution to theory, since they enclose specific aspects of the public sector and their influence in improvement programs. Moreover, given the major need for improvement of the administrative processes of the sector, the cases description and the analysis of the interventions\' results present evident practical application, because they provide a base for future work.

Much research regarding efficiency in manufacturing industry has historically been focused on the material activities of the shop floor. However, companies that merely focus on material activities when trying to improve lead times, risk losing potential for improvements within immaterial activities such as planning, engineering, design, and purchasing, which often constitute the most time consuming parts of the order fulfillment processes. Engineer to order (ETO) products are particularly time consuming regarding their immaterial activities, and the customer is waiting for the products from the very beginning of the order fulfillment process. Shortening the lead time to customer for ETO products is therefore important for customer satisfaction. The aim of this study is to adapt an existing lead time tree model currently focused on material activities to also include immaterial activities, enabling a full visualization of all activities contained in order fulfillment processes. The lead time tree model would thereby be able to use as a tool when working on shortening the lead time to customer. A further aim of the study is to investigate how the adapted lead time tree model can be used in further areas as well, in addition to visualizing immaterial activities. The adaption of the lead time tree model has been based on the original literary source of the lead time tree model. The original lead time tree model has been analyzed towards theoretical data from a literature study, and towards empirical data about immaterial activities in order fulfillment processes for ETO products, from the case company Kongsberg Maritime Sweden AB (previously Rolls-Royce AB). The result of this has been an adapted lead time tree model that can visualize immaterial activities. Several adaptions of the original lead time tree model have been made for it to be able to visualize immaterial activities, while still keeping the basics of the original model. The adapted lead time tree model comprises information that is normally kept separated and that is important when planning and improving a process. Additional information that is needed for each specific case can also easily be included in the lead time tree. The adapted lead time tree model has proven to have additional areas of use within project planning, improvement work regarding lead time reduction and root-cause analysis, and as a boundary object for communication between internal actors and between internal and external actors. The adapted lead time tree model is presumably able to map and visualize immaterial activities in other fields of business as well, other than manufacturing, as the nature of immaterial activities remains the same across business environments.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo teve por objetivo evidenciar quais são as funções da contabilidade e os processos administrativos mais afetados, com a maior de integração dos sistemas de informações. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto às empresas industriais de médio e grande porte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, constantes no cadastro obtido junto à Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FIERGS), atualizados até setembro de 2006. A amostra foi constituída por 85 empresas, sendo 41 com sistemas de informações totalmente integrados e 44 com sistemas de informações parcialmente integrados. O método utilizado foi uma Survey. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário respondido pelos seus contadores. Foram abordados aspectos referentes aos estágios de integração dos sistemas, como confiabilidade e tempestividade na geração da informação pela contabilidade, geração de relatórios, fluxo de informações e avaliação dos controles internos, caracterizando as funções da contabilidade e proc / This paper has the objective to show which functions of accounting and administrative processes are more affected by the integration of the systems of information. To do this we made a research with medium and big industries of Rio Grande do Sul, according to data collected in Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FIERGS), up-to-date until September 2006. Sample consisted of 85 industries, 41 with systems of information totally integrated and 44 with systems of information partially integrated. Method was a Survey in the industries using a questionnaire which was answered by their accountants. We analised the quantitative aspects of the stages of integration of systems, such as reliability and tempestivity in the generation of information for the accounting, generation of reports, flux of information and evaluation of internal controls, characterizing the functions of accounting and administrative processes that are more affected in each stage of integration of information. As a result, we

Continuous improvement of various processes within a company is a necessity to remain competitive on the market. There are many different improvement methodologies to streamline work routines; however the different methodologies do not sufficiently embrace administrative processes or the employee motivation regarding changes. The purpose of this thesis has been to develop a model for streamlining administrative processes, while maintaining the employee motivation during the improvement projects implementation phases. The model has been developed theoretically through literature reviews including different improvement methodologies, such as Lean, TQM, Six Sigma, 5S, ISO 9000 and related subjects, while incorporating perspectives of the relations between quality, production and economy. Besides the aspect of continuous improvement, the methodology of Change management has permeated the model development and model outcome. The developed model for improving administrative processes should over time lead to shorten lead-times and streamlined high quality information flows. The first phases in the model have been implemented at Electrolux Laundry Systems providing the company a solid foundation for further implementation of the rest of the model. The results include several highlighted areas, which shall be further reviewed and improved to streamline the current routines at Electrolux Laundry Systems. / Kontinuerliga förbättringar av ett företags olika processer är en ständig kamp för företag som vill behålla en konkurrenskraftig position på marknaden. Det finns många olika förbättringsmetoder för att effektivisera arbetsrutiner men de olika metoderna har sällan tillräckligt fokus på administrativa processer eller anställdas motivation när det gäller förändringar. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utveckla en modell för att effektivisera administrativa processer, samtidigt som de anställdas motivation under förbättringsprojektens genomförande tagits i beaktande. Modellen har utvecklats teoretiskt genom litteraturstudier av olika förbättringsmetoder såsom Lean, TQM, Six Sigma, 5S, ISO 9000 och relaterade ämnen, samt även inkluderat perspektiv på förhållanden mellan kvalitet, produktion och ekonomi. Förutom aspekten av ständiga förbättringar, har teorier om Change management genomsyrat modellutvecklingen. Den utvecklade modellen för att förbättra administrativa processer avser att leda till minskade ledtider och effektiviserade informationsflöden. De första faserna i modellen har genomförts på Electrolux Laundry Systems vilka ger företaget en stabil grund för fortsatt genomförande av resten av modellen. I delresultaten finns flera identifierade områden som Electrolux Laundry Systems bör se över för att effektivisera sina nuvarande rutiner.