A dual-factor model of mental health conceptualizes mental health status as a combination of both psychopathology and subjective well-being. Current literature indicates that complete mental health (i.e., low psychopathology, high subjective well-being) is associated with the best academic and social functioning among youth. Thus, the absence of psychopathology alone is not sufficient for student success. While research on interventions for improving subjective well-being, termed positive psychology interventions (PPIs), is increasing, PPIs for youth in particular lag behind similar interventions for adults. Additionally, a majority of youth-focused PPIs have targeted singular constructs (e.g., gratitude, character strengths), have neglected to include relevant stakeholders in youth's lives, and have not examined the impact of booster sessions on maintaining gains in subjective well-being. Research questions answered in the current study pertain to: (a) the impact of a comprehensive, multi-target, multi-component, small-group youth-focused PPI on students' subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology, and (b) the extent to which booster sessions can prevent students from experiencing post-intervention declines in subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology. To answer these questions, 42 seventh grade students were randomly assigned to either immediately receive the PPI or to a wait-list control group; all participants' subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology were analyzed across time. At immediate post-intervention, students who participated in the PPI made significant gains in all components of subjective well-being, and there was a trend for them to report less internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology relative to students in the wait-list control group. By seven-week follow-up, students who participated in the PPI exhibited sustained high levels of positive affect, and there was a trend for them to report sustained low levels of negative affect and internalizing symptoms of psychopathology relative to students in the wait-list control group. Thus, findings from the current study support this multi-component PPI as an evidence-based method for making long-lasting improvements in early adolescents' positive affect, a primary indicator of subjective well-being. Implications for school psychologists, contributions to the literature, and future directions are discussed.

Objective: The study compared how specific affect focuses in early stages of treatment predict outcome (SCL-90) for specific cluster C personality disorders. Method: The sample consisted of patients with cluster C personality disorders from a randomized controlled trial comparing 40-sessions of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive psychotherapy. Thirty-one patients had an avoidant personality disorder (AVPD), 17 patients had an obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and 10 had a dependent personality disorder (DPD). The Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90 was used as the outcome measure and the Achievement of Therapeutic Objective Scale (ATOS) was used as a process measure to rate patients affects in an early session (session 1 and 6). Results: The results indicated that focus on closeness and anger predicted outcome for AVPD, focus on positive feelings for self predicted outcome for OCPD and focus on grief predicted outcome for DPD. Conclusion: Specific affect focuses in early stages of treatment is significant for various cluster C personality disorders to predict outcome.

The purpose of this paper is to use the model revised by Ferris et al. (2002) to study the the Effect of personal positive affect¡Bpersonal negative affect¡Borganizational formalization and organizational centralization on perceptions of organizational politics by SPSS 15.0 for windows and hierachical linear model( HLM). The sample consisted of 1890 employee selected from 41 organizations covering 9 industrial sectors in Taiwan. The data was analyzed by statistical methods are descriptive static, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and HLM analysis. For SPSS analysis,the major findings of this study as fallow: 1. perceptions of organizational politics were found have significant relevant with personal positive affect, personal negative affect and organizational centralization 2. perceptions of organizational politics were found have no significant relevant with organizational formalization. For HLM analysis,the major findings of this study as fallow: 1.Personal positive affect had a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 2.Personal negative affect had a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 3.Organizational centralization had a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 4.Organizational formalization had no significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 5.Organizational centralization had moderate effect on the relationship between personal negative and perceptions of organizational politics. 6.Organizational centralization had no moderate effect on the relationship between personal positive and perceptions of organizational politics. 7.Organizational formalization had no moderate effect on the relationship between personal negative and perceptions of organizational politics. 8.Organizational formalization had no moderate effect on the relationship between personal positive and perceptions of organizational politics.

L'étude des passions au XVIIe siècle , oscillant entre philosophie morale et théories psychologiques, dévoile une tension flagrante qui caractérise la naissance de l'idée moderne du "moi". En équilibre instable entre exigences de connaissance et exigences de contrôle, l'étude des passions est l'expression d'une tension intime entre philosophie pratique et théorétique, qui se déploie dans les antinomies entre éthique et psychologie, prescription et description, manuels de préceptes et "art de connaître les hommes". Cette recherche concerne principalement deux attitudes différentes, dont l'opposition mutuelle va rendre possible le discernement de l'action de cette tension entre philosophie morale et théorétique qui constitue un caractère fondamental de l'étude des passions. D'une part, on considère le thème de la construction, dans l’Éthique de Spinoza, d'une 'théorie' des affects, analysée par rapport au rôle de la raison et à sa disposition taxinomiste. Cette disposition de la raison spinozienne jaillit d'une évidence complexe de contrôle au sein de laquelle la gnoséologie et l'éthique finissent par se résoudre organiquement l'une dans l'autre, dans le contexte d'une action cognitive qui ne peut pas faire abstraction de sa nature 'éthique'. De l'autre, on analyse les Pensées de Pascal, avec leur refus ambigu de l'autoportrait comme moment de la construction d'une image du "moi", accompagné par la naissance d'une notion - paradoxale et 'négative' - de conscience de soi. Dans ce cadre, donc, on s'interroge sur les résultats de la tension entre philosophie théorétique et pratique, entre étude et "histoire" du moi. / Theories of passions in Seventeenth century, throughout the never-ending tension between moral and psychological issues, do reveal the contradictions and difficulties characterising the birth of the modern idea of the Self. Within its precarious balance between control and knowledge, the art of studying passions is the actual expression of an intimate tension between practical and theoretical philosophy, developed through the antinomies of ethics and psychology, prescription and description. This study deals with two different attitudes toward the idea of a "theory" of passions.The mutual opposition between those two attitudes reveals the strenght of the contrast between moral and theoretical philosophy characterizing the construction of any paradigm of interpretation and study of the passions. On the one hand, the subject of the making of an actual "theory" of passions in Spinoza's Ethics is taken into account. Such enterprise is analysed through Spinoza's notion of reason and the taxonomic structure of the Ethics system, resolving ethics and theory of knowledge into a wider cognitive act, which is conceived as constitutively ethic, and supposedly combines the self-consciousness acquired through emotional experience with the actual knowledge of a causal-related world. On the other hand, Pascal's Pensées are examined, paying special attention to their ambiguous rejection of any autobiographical temptation, their construction of a negative yet brand-new image of the Self (the 'moi') endowed with a "negative" notion on self-consciousness which cannot be described in the language of reason, but could only be dramatically "performed" in the mimetic semantics of emotions.

The current study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factor-to-factor relations and temporal associations between disturbances in negative affect (NA) and positive symptoms of psychosis (PP). Data were drawn from a large, public-domain data set (MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study). A dimensional approach was used to conceptualize and identify latent variables of NA (depression, anxiety, and guilt) and PP (hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder) among individuals with a diagnosis of primary psychotic disorder. Results showed that anxiety, guilt, and depressed mood modeled an NA latent variable, and that hallucinations and unusual thought content modeled a PP latent variable. As predicted, results revealed strong, significant cross-sectional (synchronous) associations between NA and PP at each measured time-frame, suggesting that NA and PP occurred concurrently within the sample. Contrary to predictions, no significant cross-lagged effect between NA and PP was identified (10 weeks and 20 weeks respectively).

The purpose of this study was to determine whether affect influences mediate association. A second purpose of this experiment was to test whether there could be found an interaction between affect and meaningfulness in the verbal mediation scores. The subjects were all of the students registered for an Educational Psychology class at Utah State University, Spring Quarter, 1969. These students were randomly assigned to one of two groups, designated Phase I or Phase II. Phase I was designed to study the influence of affect upon mediation and the subjects in this group learned two lists of seven paired associates. Phase II was designed to examine the possible interaction of affect and meaningfulness in mediation and the subjects in this group learned two lists of eight paired associates. Phase III was added to the study to determine if there would be a correlation between mediation and association ability of all of the subjects. Affect level was determined by the magnitude of the Galvanic Skin Response readings on Stoelting Psychogalvanoscope in reaction to the mediating words of the B list. Meaningfulness level of the non-mediators was defined as the association value of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant trigrams used in the A-C lists. Mediation was defined as the number of correctly paired A-C trigrams in the multiple-choice mediation test. To test whether affect influences mediation, a comparison was made between mediation scores produced by high affect mediators and mediation scores produced by low affect mediators. The test of the interaction was made by a factorial design with two levels (high, low) of affect and four combinations of levels (high-high, high-low, low-high, and low-low) of meaningfulness. The procedure first assessed the affect level of the mediators. Then either Phase I, which tested Hypothesis 1, or Phase II, which tested Hypothesis 2, was administered to each subject. Each phase followed the chaining model (A-B, B-C, A-C) of mediation. There was no learning of the A-C list, but mediation was tested by pairing the A-C items in a multiple-choice test. Also, a test of association ability was made after presenting twelve paired associates using a similar multiple-choice test to that used to test mediation. Statistical analyses were applied to these test scores to determine the empirical support of the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 proposed that there would be a significant difference between the amount of recall scores mediated by high and low affect words when the meaningfulness of the non-mediators is held constant at a medium level. This hypothesis was supported by the data obtained. Hypothesis 2 predicted that there would be an interaction between levels of affect and combinations of levels of meaningfulness. This hypothesis was strongly supported by the data of this study. An additional finding was that a low, but significant correlation was obtained between mediation scores and association scores. The findings of this study showed that affect level of the mediator affects the amount of mediation produced in a chaining paradigm. There appears to be strong evidence for an affect and meaningfulness interaction in mediation data. Within this interaction, there was an indication that affect is prepotent over meaningfulness. Also, analysis of this interaction shows that the meaningfulness of the stimulus term rather than the response term seems to be critical in producing superior mediation. Finally, a low correlation seems to exist between simple or paired association and mediate association, because simple (paired) association and mediate association do not seem to be identical processes.

<p>  </p> <p>Personality pathology has been consistently linked with negative relationship outcomes, though little work has focused on interpersonal dynamics that might explain the association between the two. In the current study, we used Actor Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) with self-reported personality features from the Personality Inventory for the DSM-4+ for individuals in committed romantic relationships. Scores on the personality disorder scales were used to predict self-reported change in positive and negative affect across a conflict resolution task as well as variability in affective valance and arousal during the conflict resolution task as coded by third-party raters. In general, both positive and negative affect increased after the conflict resolution task as compared to before. Variability in emotional arousal appeared largely unrelated to PD features. The most consistent finding across models was that change in internal affect and variability in expressed affect was most related to men’s PD features but not women’s, with some exceptions. Taken together, results suggest that couples are likely to exhibit greater variability in affect during conflict in couples in which a male partner is high in PD features. </p>

Sleep problems are common among college students and are associated with numerous negative outcomes including anxiety, depression, executive dysfunction, and poor academic performance. When sleep is limited, individuals may suffer impaired cognitive capacities, such as reduced memory and difficulty focusing attention. Difficulty with these cognitive functions can result in difficulty disengaging from negative thoughts, thereby contributing to negative mood. Poor sleep contributes to negative mood states, but few studies have examined in what way poor sleep may exacerbate negative mood. The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive factors as explanatory variables between sleep and state affect. Participants were undergraduate students from a university in the Midwest. Participants (N = 150, completed baseline questionnaires and wore an actigraphy watch for one night. They returned to the lab the following day to complete additional self-report measures and a computerized cognitive control task. Participants were primarily female (66.67%, n = 100) and white (67.33%, n = 101). To test the hypothesis that the relationship between sleep and affect is explained by cognitive factors, a path analytic model was fit to the data. It was hypothesized that cognitive factors (i.e., Posner task performance, repetitive negative thinking, and self-report attention control) would explain the relationship between sleep (as measured by objective total sleep time and self-report sleepiness) and state affect. The hypothesized model yielded poor global and local fit to the data. While several direct effects emerged in the model, no indirect effects were statistically significant. The model was re-specified, adding paths where large magnitude correlational residual statistics coincided with statistically significant standardized residual statistics. The final model yielded good global and local fit to the data, with primary modifications being added covariances among control variables (e.g., GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores) with cognitive factors. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the relationship between sleep and next-day affect is complex and cannot be simply explained by cognitive factors. However, the current study found several significant relationships among study variables, suggesting that sleep, cognitive functioning, and emotion are highly related constructs that warrant further study. Future research should examine alternative models incorporating these constructs to find a comprehensive model with utility that can explain the relationships among these constructs.

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