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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Aderência, invasão e persistência intracelular de estreptococos do grupo B em células epiteliais respiratórias A549 / Adhesion, invasion and intracellular persistence of group B Streptococci in respiratory epithelial cells A549

Camila Serva Pereira 26 February 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) comumente colonizam adultos saudáveis, sem sintomas, mas sob certas circunstâncias possui a capacidade de invadir tecidos do hospedeiro, evadir da detecção imunológica e causar doenças invasivas graves. Por conseguinte, os EGB continuam sendo uma das principais causas de mortalidade neonatal, pneumonia, sepse e meningite. Contudo, a patogênese desta infecção ainda está pouco elucidada. O sorotipo V é freqüentemente associado à doença invasiva em mulheres adultas não gestantes e o segundo mais prevalente em mulheres grávidas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a aderência, invasão e persistência intracelular de amostras pertencentes ao sorotipo V (88641-vagina/portador e 90186-sangue/paciente) usando as células epiteliais respiratórias A549. As amostras de EGB demonstraram capacidade de aderir e invadir as células epiteliais A549, mas somente a amostra 90186-sangue apresentou maior invasão quando comparada com a de vagina (P <0.001). Ambas as amostras demonstraram persistência intracelular sem replicação no interior das células A549. Apenas o isolado 90186-sangue sobreviveu dentro das células epiteliais até 24h de incubação (P <0,05). A fusão dos lisossomas das células epiteliais com vacúolos contendo bactérias foi observada em células A549 tratadas com Lyso Tracker Grenn DND-26 para todas as amostras testadas. Nossos dados indicam pela primeira vez que as amostras viáveis do sorotipo V permanecem dentro de vacúolos ácidos epiteliais. Curiosamente, a amostra 90186- sangue induziu vacuolização celular e a amostra 88641-vagina promoveu a morte celular após 7h de incubação. Finalmente, nossos resultados aumentam o nosso conhecimento sobre eventos celulares da fagocitose e da patogênese das doenças invasivas promovidas pelos EGB. / Group B Streptococcus (GBS) commonly colonizes healthy asymptomatic adults, yetunder certain circumstances displays the ability to invade host tissues, evade the immune system and cause serious invasive disease. Consequently, GBS remains the major cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. However, the pathogenesis of this infection is poorly understood. The serotype V is frequently associated with invasive diseases in non-pregnant adults and the second most prevalent in pregnant women. The aim of this work was to study the adherence; invasion and persistence intracellular of the GBS serotype V (88641-vagina/carriers and 90186-blood/patient) in epithelial cells A549. All GBS strains showed ability to adhere and invade the epithelial A549 cells, but GBS 90186-blood was more invasive than the vagina isolate (P<0,001). Both strains persisted intracellular, but without replicating into the A549 cells. Only 90186-blood strain survived within epithelial cells even after a 24h incubation (P<0,05). Fusion of epithelial lysosomes with bacteria containing phagocytic vacuoles was observed in A549 cells treated with Lysotracker Grenn DND-26 for all strains tested. Our data indicate for the first time that viable strains of serotype V remain within acidic epithelial vacuoles. Interestingly, the 90186-blood strain induced cellular vacuolization and 88641-vagina strain caused cell death after 7h incubation. Lastly, our results increase our knowledge about cellular events of phagocytosis and pathogeneses of GBS diseases.
42

Detecção e contagem de Streptococcus agalactiae em leite bovino pela reação em cadeia da polimerase / Detection and counting of Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine milk by polymerase chain reaction

Nara Ladeira de Carvalho 31 July 2013 (has links)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi: a) comparar dois métodos de detecção e contagem de S. agalactiae, (cultura microbiológica e qPCR) em leite de vacas e de tanques; b) determinar a sensibilidade analítica e a repetibilidade do diagnóstico por qPCR em relação à cultura microbiológica para detecção de S. agalactiae em amostras compostas de leite de vaca e de tanque. Foram utilizadas amostras de leite de vaca (n=31) e de tanque (n=150), as quais foram submetidas à cultura microbiológica e contagem de S. agalactiae por cultura de microbiologia convencional e qPCR. Para avaliar a sensibilidade analítica, foi construída uma curva padrão com amostras de leite desnatado reconstituído estéril contaminado artificialmente com S. agalactiae (ATCC 13813). Em apenas duas amostras não foi possível amplificação de DNA, o que indica que a qPCR foi capaz de detectar S. agalactiae, em 96% e 97%, do leite de vaca e de tanque, respectivamente. Embora a técnica qPCR tenha apresentado alta sensibilidade analítica, não houve equivalência de resultados de contagem S. agalactiae entre os dois métodos propostos. Os coeficientes de variação interensaio utilizados para avaliar a técnica qPCR foram < 5%, o que demonstra que a técnica possui repetibilidade adequada. Portanto, não houve equivalência entre a contagem de S. agalactiae por cultura microbiológica padrão e a técnica de qPCR, provavelmente pela alta sensibilidade da técnica qPCR em quantificar DNA de células inviáveis. No entanto, a qPCR apresentou-se como uma técnica sensível para identificação de S. agalactiae em amostras de leite de vaca e de taque. / The aim of this study was to: a) to compare two methods of detection and enumeration of S. agalactiae (microbiological culture and qPCR) in cow`s milk and bulk tank milks, b) to determine the analytical sensitivity and repeatability of the diagnosis by qPCR in relation to microbiological culture for detection of S. agalactiae on composite samples of cow\'s milk and bulk tank milk. Samples of cow\'s milk (n = 31) and bulk tank milk (n = 150), which were submitted to microbiological culture and enumeration of S. agalactiae by conventional microbiology culture and qPCR. To evaluate the analytical sensitivity, a standard curve was made with samples of sterile reconstituted skim milk artificially contaminated with S. agalactiae (ATCC - 13813). In two samples was not possible the amplification of DNA, indicating that qPCR was able to detect S. agalactiae, 96% and 97% cow\'s milk and bulk tank milk, respectively. Although the technique has presented qPCR high analytical sensitivity, there was no equivalent result of counting S. agalactiae between the two proposed methods. The interassay coefficients of variation technique used to evaluate the qPCR were <5%, which demonstrate that the technique has adequate repeatability. So there was no equivalence between the counts of S. agalactiae by standard microbiological culture and qPCR technique, probably due to the high sensitivity of qPCR technique to quantify DNA of unviable cells. However, the qPCR presented as a sensitive technique for identifying S. agalactiae in samples of cow\'s milk and bulk tank milk.
43

Diversité, dynamique et mobilité des éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) de Streptococcus agalactiae intégrés dans l'extrémité 3' du gène codant un ARNt Lysine / Diversity, dynamic and mobility of "Integrative Conjugative Elements" (ICEs) of Streptococcus agalactiae integrated into the 3' end of tRNA lysine gene

Puymège, Aurore 05 September 2013 (has links)
Les éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) et les éléments en dérivant jouent un rôle important dans le transfert horizontal de gènes chez les bactéries. Les ICE s'excisent par recombinaison site-spécifique sous forme circulaire, se transfèrent par conjugaison et s'intègrent dans un réplicon de la cellule réceptrice. Streptococcus agalactiae est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste responsable d'infections néonatales sévères chez l'Homme et d'infections chez les animaux (bovins, poissons, ...). Une analyse in silico antérieure de 8 génomes séquencés de Streptococcus agalactiae avait permis d'identifier plusieurs éléments intégrés dans l'extrémité 3' d'un gène codant un ARNtLys CTT dont 4 ICE putatifs. Cette étude élargie à 246 génomes a confirmé la prévalence et la diversité des éléments intégrés dans ce locus (présence d'ICE, éléments mobilisables en trans ou en cis, éléments composites, ... chez 98 % des souches). Une nouvelle famille d'éléments mobilisables putatifs s'intégrant dans l'oriT d'ICE a été caractérisée. L'étude fonctionnelle de 5 ICE a montré que 4 s'excisent du chromosome mais que seuls ICE_FSL S3-026_tRNALys et ICE_515_tRNALys se transfèrent par conjugaison au sein de l'espèce et vers S. pyogenes pour l'un des 2. Des éléments composites ont été obtenus par transfert d'ICE_515_tRNALys vers une souche possédant déjà un élément intégré dans ce locus. Un de ces éléments composites est capable de s'exciser et de se transférer par conjugaison conduisant à une mobilisation en cis de l'élément résident. En conclusion, les ICE et les éléments mobilisables (en cis ou en trans) sont très répandus chez S. agalactiae et contribuent à la plasticité génomique chez cette espèce / Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) and related elements are widespread in bacteria and play a key role in horizontal gene transfer. ICEs excise by site-specific recombination as a circular intermediate, promote their own transfer by conjugation and then integrate into a replicon of the recipient cell. Streptococcus agalactiae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe human invasive neonatal infections as well as infections in animals (bovine, fish...). Previous in silico analysis of eight sequenced genomes of S. agalactiae identified in each genome a different element integrated in the tRNALys CTT gene with four putative ICEs. This study, carried on 246 other genomes of S. agalactiae, confirmed the prevalence and diversity of elements integrated in this locus with 98% of the strains carrying an element (ICE, trans or cis mobilizable elements composite elements...). A novel family of putative mobilisable elements which can integrate in the oriT of ICE has been characterized. Functional analysis of 5 ICEs demonstrated that four can excise of the chromosome but that only ICE_FSLS3-026_tRNALys and ICE_515_tRNALys can transfer by conjugation inside the species or to S. pyogenes for one of them. Composite elements have been obtained after transfer of ICE_515_tRNALys to a recipient strain already carrying an element integrated in the same locus. One of this composite element is able to excise and transfer by conjugation to a new strain leading to cis-mobilization of the resident element.In conclusion, ICEs and cis and trans mobilizable elements are widespread in S. agalactiae and contribute to the genomic plasticity in this bacterial species
44

Caractérisation des fonctions codées par les éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) intégrés dans un gène codant un ARNt lysine chez Streptococcus agalactiae : rôle dans le maintien des ICE, l'adaptation et la virulence de l'hôte / Caracterization of the functions encoded by conjugative and integrative elements (ICE) integrated in a gene encoding a tRNA lys in streptococcus agalactiae : role in the maintenance of ICE, adaptation and virulence

Chuzeville, Sarah 18 December 2012 (has links)
Le transfert horizontal participe à l'évolution rapide des génomes bactériens. Les éléments intégratifs et conjugatifs (ICE) sont des îlots génomiques capables de se transférer par conjugaison vers une bactérie receveuse. Streptococcus agalactiae est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui est à l'origine de problèmes sanitaires et économiques majeurs. Des études ont révélé la présence de nombreux ICE chez cette espèce, notamment à l'extrémité 3' d?un gène codant un ARNtLys. La fonctionnalité de l'ICE intégré à ce locus chez la souche 515 de S. agalactiae a été démontrée. Les fonctions véhiculées par ICE_515_tRNALys et pouvant conférer un avantage adaptatif ont été caractérisées et leur transfert vers d'autres espèces a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que l'ICE confère à S. agalactiae des propriétés d'adhésion à l'hôte et de formation de biofilm et pourrait être impliqué dans l'agrégation cellulaire. Un antigène I/II codé par l'ICE est impliqué dans des phénotypes d'adhésion. De plus, un nouveau facteur co-hémolytique de type CAMP, codé par l'ICE et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la virulence et la survie des souches, a été caractérisé. La fonctionnalité de ces facteurs de virulence chez des espèces bactériennes pathogènes et non pathogènes a été établie. Les travaux ont également révélé la prévalence et la dynamique évolutive des ICE appartenant à la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys et des fonctions adaptatives codées par ces éléments chez plusieurs espèces de streptocoques. En conclusion, les ICE de la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys représentent des vecteurs de traits phénotypiques importants pour la virulence et la survie chez les streptocoques / Horizontal gene transfer is a rapid mechanism of evolution. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are genomic islands which can transfer by conjugation to recipient bacteria. Streptococcus agalactiae is a human and animal opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for major health and economic problems. Studies revealed the presence of numerous ICEs in S. agalactiae, in particular at the 3' end of a tRNALys encoding gene. The functionality of the element present in strain S. agalactiae 515 was demonstrated and was thus chosen as a model for this study. This work focused on the characterization of adaptive and virulence functions encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys and their transfer to other species. Results indicated that this ICE confers adhesion properties to host, increases biofilm formation and may be involved in cell aggregation. A new protein belonging to the antigens I/II family is involved in fibronectin binding and contributes to the biofilm phenotype. In addition, a new co-hemolytic CAMP factor encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys, which could be involved in virulence and bacterial survival, was identified and characterized. These virulence factors are functional in other bacterial species. This work also revealed the prevalence and evolutionary dynamics of ICE belonging to the family of ICE_515_tRNALys and adaptive functions encoded by these elements in several species of streptococci. In conclusion, ICEs of the ICE_515_tRNALys family represent vectors of phenotypic features important for virulence and survival in streptococci
45

Le transfert horizontal de gènes chez les mycoplasmes : de l'acquisition de l'antibiorésistance à la dynamique des génomes. / Horizontal gene transfer in mycoplasmas : from acquisition of antibiotic resistance to genomes dynamics.

Faucher, Marion 08 November 2018 (has links)
Les mycoplasmes sont des bactéries atypiques, dépourvues de paroi et souvent considérées comme des cellules minimales du fait de la taille réduite de leur génome. De nombreuses espèces sont pathogènes et ont un impact économique important dans les filières d'élevage, notamment pour les ruminants. Les mycoplasmes n'échappent pas au phénomène mondial de la résistance aux antibiotiques. Contrairement à la plupart des autres bactéries, les mycoplasmes ne contiennent pas de plasmides conjugatifs souvent incriminés dans la dissémination horizontale de gènes de résistance, la base moléculaire principalement décrite étant la mutation chromosomique des gènes cibles. De façon générale, le transfert horizontal de gènes (HGT) chez les mycoplasmes a longtemps été sous-estimé. Récemment, deux mécanismes de HGT ont été décrits chez Mycoplasma agalactiae : le transfert d'élément conjugatif et intégratif (ICE), et le transfert non-conventionnel de régions chromosomiques par conjugaison appelé MCT (Mycoplasma Chromosomal Transfer). Nos travaux se sont attachés à explorer ce dernier mécanisme et à évaluer son impact sur l'acquisition de la résistance aux antibiotiques. Une analyse de génomique comparative a été conduite à partir du séquençage de nombreux mutants spontanément résistants et de transconjugants générés par des expériences de mating et sélectionnés pour leur résistance. Nos résultats montrent que le MCT conduit de façon distributive au transfert simultané de nombreux fragments. En une seule étape de conjugaison impliquant deux souches, ce phénomène génère une population variée de génomes hautement mosaïques. Il accélère la dissémination de l'antibiorésistance, permettant l'acquisition de plusieurs mutations distantes associées à la résistance en un seul événement. De par les multiples possibilités de réassemblage génomique qu'il produit, le MCT pourrait avoir des conséquences importantes sur d'autres processus adaptatifs comme la virulence ou la spécificité d'hôte. Enfin, les modalités distributives et l’ampleur du MCT expliquent l'origine des transferts de gènes précédemment détectés in silico entre de nombreux mycoplasmes. Ce phénomène pourrait donc avoir eu des répercussions importantes sur l'évolution de ces bactéries minimales et être un facteur clé de leur persistance et virulence actuelles. / Mycoplasmas are wall-less bacteria often portrayed as minimal cells because of their reduced genomes. Several species are pathogenic and have a significant economic impact on livestock production, especially for ruminants. Mycoplasmas are also concerned with the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance. In contrast to the majority of bacteria, these simple bacteria are deprived of conjugative plasmids that are frequently implicated in the horizontal dissemination of resistance genes: in mycoplasmas antibiotic resistance mainly relies on chromosomal mutations in target genes. In Mycoplasmas, the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has long been underestimated. Recently, two conjugative mechanisms of HGT were described in Mycoplasma agalactiae: the transfer of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE), and the unconventional transfer of chromosomal DNA further designed by “MCT” for Mycoplasma Chromosomal Transfer. Our current study focused on exploring MCT mechanisms and on estimating its impact on antibiotic resistance dissemination. Comparative genomic analyses were performed from the sequencing (i) of spontaneous resistant mutants and (ii) of transconjugants selected by mating experiments and selected based on their resistance. Data revealed that MCT generated the simultaneous transfer of multiple, unrelated donor-fragments following a distributive process. In one conjugative step involving two strains, MCT generated a variety of highly mosaic genomes. This phenomenon was also shown to accelerate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, by allowing in one step the acquisition of multiple and dispersed mutations associated with resistance. Due to the limitless ability of this phenomenon in reshuffling genomes, MCT may offer a valuable contribution in other adaptive processes such as virulence or host specificity. Finally, the distributive nature and the extent of MCT explain the origin of genes transfers detected in silico in several mycoplasma species. MCT is certainly a major player in the evolution of these minimal bacteria and a key factor of their persistence and virulence.
46

Transferência transplacentária de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B nos recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo / Placental transfer of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in term and preterm newborn babies

Brasil, Tatiana Braga 25 June 2008 (has links)
O Streptococcus do Grupo B (EGB) é um dos principais agentes de infecção no período neonatal, sendo responsável por altos índices de morbimortalidade materno-fetal. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a passagem transplacentária de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B e imunoglobulina G em recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo, bem como comparar seus níveis séricos. Foi realizado estudo transversal incluindo 44 recém-nascidos (18 pré-termo e 26 de termo) do Berçário Anexo à Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP no período de dezembro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Após consentimento esclarecido, foram obtidas amostras de sangue das mães e do cordão umbilical de seus respectivos recém-nascidos, realizadas dosagens de IgG total por nefelometria e de anticorpos anti-EGB através do ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Observou-se que nos dois grupos de mães da casuística, compostos por 16 mães de RN pré-termo e 26 mães de RN de termo, não houve diferença significativa em relação aos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-EGB. O nível sérico médio de anticorpos maternos anti-EGB foi de 1697,98, com variação de 456 a 5200 (em títulos). O nível sérico médio de anticorpos anti-EGB das mães de RNPT foi de 1570,72, com variação de 588 a 3829 (em títulos), enquanto nas mães de RNT o nível médio foi de 1786,08, com variação de 456 a 5200. Os níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus do grupo B dos recém-nascidos foram significantemente mais baixos nos RN pré-termo em relação aos RN de termo. O nível sérico médio de anticorpos anti-EGB dos RNPT foi de 1059,22, com variação de 416 a 3924 (em títulos), enquanto nos RNT foi 2025,50, com variação de 542 a 5476. Houve correlação positiva entre os níveis de imunoglobulina G e de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B com a idade gestacional, demonstrando correlação entre prematuridade e baixos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-EGB. A associação entre idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas e diminuição dos níveis de anticorpos anti-EGB concorda com a maior vulnerabilidade dos neonatos pré-termo à infecção por esta bactéria. Os autores concluem que houve passagem transplacentária de imunoglobulina G e anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B nos RN de termo e pré-termo, sendo, porém, os níveis séricos significantemente mais baixos nos RNPT, tanto em relação às suas mães quanto em relação aos níveis observados nos RN de termo. Os recém-nascidos de termo apresentaram níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B semelhantes aos maternos, devido ao incremento da transferência transplacentária no final da gestação. Houve correlação positiva entre os níveis de imunoglobulina G e de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B com a idade gestacional, enfatizando a importância da prematuridade como fator determinante das baixas concentrações séricas destes componentes imunológicos. Não houve diferença significante entre as mães dos recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo em relação aos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B. / Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the leading causes of infections in mothers and newborn babies, and it is responsible for high mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transplacental transfer of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies and immunoglobulin G in term and preterm newborns and compare the serum levels between these two groups. A transversal study was conducted with 44 newborns (18 preterm and 26 term infants) admitted to the Nursery next to FMUSP Hospital das Clínicas Maternity in the period of December 2006 to July 2007. After they gave their informed consent, blood and umbilical cord samples were collected from the mothers and from their respective newborn babies. Total IgG measurements were performed using nephelometry and the presence of antibodies anti-GBS was evaluated by the immunoenzimatic test (ELISA). In both groups of mothers (16 preterm`s mothers and 26 term`s mothers) the serum levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies were similar and there was no statistical significance between them. The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in mothers was 1697,98, ranging from 456 to 5200 (in titles). The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in mothers of preterm babies was 1570,72, ranging from 588 to 3829 (in titles), while in term`s mothers the mean level was 1786,08, ranging from 456 to 5200. Anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in the newborns demonstrated significantly lower levels in preterm newborn compared to the levels of the term newborns. The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in preterm newborns was 1059,22, ranging from 416 to 3924 (in titles), while in term newborns the mean level was 2025,50, ranging from 542 to 5476. There was a positive correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies and the gestational age which shows the correlation between prematurity and low levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies. The association between gestational age less than 37 weeks and reduction of anti-GBS antibody levels corroborates with the fact that preterm neonates are more vulnerable to the infection by this bacteria. The authors have come to the conclusion that transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies have been proved in term and preterm newborns. The transfer of immunoglobulin and antibodies was less effective in preterm newborns, whose serum levels were significantly lower compared to the levels of their mothers and the term newborns. Term newborns showed levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies similar to their mothers due to the increase of transplacental transfer of antibodies during the end of gestation. The positive correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies with gestational age, proves the importance of prematurity as a determining factor of the low serum concentrations in the components of this newborn\'s immunological repertoire. There was no significant difference between the levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in mothers of term and preterm newborns.
47

Transferência transplacentária de anticorpos em gestações gemelares / Placental transfer of immunoglobulins in twin pregnancies

Stach, Sônia Christina Leme 13 April 2016 (has links)
Há poucos dados na literatura sobre o transporte transplacentário de imunoglobulinas em gestações múltiplas. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar fatores que influenciam a concentração de imunoglobulina G (IgG) no cordão umbilical dos neonatos e a transferência transplacentária de IgG total e de IgG contra o Streptococcus grupo B (EGB), e lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp.. Métodos: estudo prospectivo realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 2012 a 2013. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue materno e de cordão umbilical no momento do parto. Os critérios de inclusão foram gestações gemelares com ausência de sinais de infecção por HIV, citomegalovírus, Hepatites B e C, toxoplasmose e rubéola e ausência de doenças autoimunes, malformação fetal e síndromes genéticas. A análise multivariada foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre os níveis de IgG em cordão umbilical e as taxas de transferência de anticorpos com a concentração materna de IgG, a corionicidade da gestação, a presença de insuficiência placentária, a restrição de crescimento intrauterino, a idade gestacional de nascimento, o peso de nascimento, o tabagismo, a doença materna e a via de parto. Resultados: a concentração de IgG total em cordão umbilical apresentou correlação positiva com os níveis maternos séricos de IgG total e a idade gestacional do parto. Os níveis de IgG total em cordão umbilical foram significativamente menores em gestações monocoriônicas quando comparadas às dicoriônicas. A taxa de transferência de IgG total apresentou correlação positiva com a idade gestacional do parto, mas negativa com as concentrações maternas de IgG total. As concentrações de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp. apresentaram associação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra esses antígenos e com o diabetes. Os níveis de IgG contra LPS de Klebsiella spp. também foram associados com o peso de nascimento e com hipertensão materna. As taxas de transferência de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Pseudomonas spp. apresentaram correlação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra os antígenos referidos. A taxa de transferência de IgG contra EGB também esteve associada com a idade gestacional do parto, enquanto a taxa de transferência de IgG contra LPS de Pseudomonas spp. apresentou correlação com diabetes. Não houve correlação entre a taxa de transferência de IgG contra a LPS de Klebsiella spp. com nenhum fator analisado. Conclusão: em gestações gemelares, a concentração total de IgG em cordão umbilical foi influenciada pela concentração materna de IgG total, pela idade gestacional do parto e pela corionicidade placentária. As concentrações de IgG total foram significativamente menores em gestações monocoriônicas que em dicoriônicas. As concentrações séricas de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp. em cordão umbilical apresentaram associação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra esses antígenos e com a presença de diabetes. Todos os outros parâmetros estudados apresentaram diferentes associações com as concentrações de IgG e com as taxas de transferências de IgG específicas contra cada antígeno investigado / There is a lack of data in the literature regarding the placental transport of immunoglobulins in twin pregnancies. The objective of this study was to examine factors that influence the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cord serum and the placental transfer of total IgG and of IgGs against Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Hospital das Clinicas in the São Paulo University Medical School between 2012 and 2013. Maternal and umbilical cord samples were collected at birth. The inclusion criteria were twin pregnancies with no evidence of infection with HIV, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B or C, toxoplasmosis, or rubella. Twin pregnancies with evidence of autoimmune disease, fetal malformations or genetic syndromes were also excluded. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cord serum concentrations of IgG and IgG transfer ratios as well as the associations between cord serum concentrations of IgG and maternal serum concentrations of IgG, pregnancy chorionicity, the presence of an abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility index, intrauterine growth restriction, gestational age at delivery (GAD), birth weight, placental weight, smoking during pregnancy, maternal disease, and mode of delivery. Results: Total IgG concentrations in cord sera were positively correlated with total IgG concentrations in maternal sera. Cord serum concentrations of IgG were also positively correlated with GAD. Cord serum concentrations of total IgG were significantly lower in monochorionic versus dichorionic pregnancies. The total IgG transfer ratio was positively correlated with GAD but was inversely correlated with total IgG concentration in maternal serum. Cord serum concentrations of IgGs against GBS, Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were significantly associated with maternal concentrations of specific IgGs and the presence of maternal diabetes. Cord serum concentrations of anti-Klebsiella spp. LPS IgG were also correlated with birth weight and the presence of maternal hypertension. The transfer ratios of IgGs against GBS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were related to maternal concentrations of specific IgGs. The transfer ratios of IgGs against GBS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were also associated with GAD and the presence of diabetes, respectively. None of the examined parameters were found to be correlated with the transfer ratio of IgG against Klebsiella spp. LPS. Conclusions: In twin pregnancies, in addition to the influences of maternal serum concentrations of total IgG and of GAD, chorionicity was also found to influence cord serum concentrations of total IgG. Compared with dichorionic twins, monochorionic twins were found to have lower concentrations of total IgG in cord sera. Umbilical cord serum concentrations of IgGs against GBS, Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were associated with maternal serum concentrations of specific IgGs and with maternal diabetes. All of the remaining parameters that were investigated had varying associations with concentrations of specific IgGs in cord serum and with placental transfer and were dependent on the antigen being studied
48

Transferência transplacentária de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B nos recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo / Placental transfer of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in term and preterm newborn babies

Tatiana Braga Brasil 25 June 2008 (has links)
O Streptococcus do Grupo B (EGB) é um dos principais agentes de infecção no período neonatal, sendo responsável por altos índices de morbimortalidade materno-fetal. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a passagem transplacentária de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B e imunoglobulina G em recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo, bem como comparar seus níveis séricos. Foi realizado estudo transversal incluindo 44 recém-nascidos (18 pré-termo e 26 de termo) do Berçário Anexo à Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP no período de dezembro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Após consentimento esclarecido, foram obtidas amostras de sangue das mães e do cordão umbilical de seus respectivos recém-nascidos, realizadas dosagens de IgG total por nefelometria e de anticorpos anti-EGB através do ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Observou-se que nos dois grupos de mães da casuística, compostos por 16 mães de RN pré-termo e 26 mães de RN de termo, não houve diferença significativa em relação aos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-EGB. O nível sérico médio de anticorpos maternos anti-EGB foi de 1697,98, com variação de 456 a 5200 (em títulos). O nível sérico médio de anticorpos anti-EGB das mães de RNPT foi de 1570,72, com variação de 588 a 3829 (em títulos), enquanto nas mães de RNT o nível médio foi de 1786,08, com variação de 456 a 5200. Os níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus do grupo B dos recém-nascidos foram significantemente mais baixos nos RN pré-termo em relação aos RN de termo. O nível sérico médio de anticorpos anti-EGB dos RNPT foi de 1059,22, com variação de 416 a 3924 (em títulos), enquanto nos RNT foi 2025,50, com variação de 542 a 5476. Houve correlação positiva entre os níveis de imunoglobulina G e de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B com a idade gestacional, demonstrando correlação entre prematuridade e baixos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-EGB. A associação entre idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas e diminuição dos níveis de anticorpos anti-EGB concorda com a maior vulnerabilidade dos neonatos pré-termo à infecção por esta bactéria. Os autores concluem que houve passagem transplacentária de imunoglobulina G e anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B nos RN de termo e pré-termo, sendo, porém, os níveis séricos significantemente mais baixos nos RNPT, tanto em relação às suas mães quanto em relação aos níveis observados nos RN de termo. Os recém-nascidos de termo apresentaram níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B semelhantes aos maternos, devido ao incremento da transferência transplacentária no final da gestação. Houve correlação positiva entre os níveis de imunoglobulina G e de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B com a idade gestacional, enfatizando a importância da prematuridade como fator determinante das baixas concentrações séricas destes componentes imunológicos. Não houve diferença significante entre as mães dos recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo em relação aos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus B. / Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the leading causes of infections in mothers and newborn babies, and it is responsible for high mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transplacental transfer of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies and immunoglobulin G in term and preterm newborns and compare the serum levels between these two groups. A transversal study was conducted with 44 newborns (18 preterm and 26 term infants) admitted to the Nursery next to FMUSP Hospital das Clínicas Maternity in the period of December 2006 to July 2007. After they gave their informed consent, blood and umbilical cord samples were collected from the mothers and from their respective newborn babies. Total IgG measurements were performed using nephelometry and the presence of antibodies anti-GBS was evaluated by the immunoenzimatic test (ELISA). In both groups of mothers (16 preterm`s mothers and 26 term`s mothers) the serum levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies were similar and there was no statistical significance between them. The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in mothers was 1697,98, ranging from 456 to 5200 (in titles). The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in mothers of preterm babies was 1570,72, ranging from 588 to 3829 (in titles), while in term`s mothers the mean level was 1786,08, ranging from 456 to 5200. Anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in the newborns demonstrated significantly lower levels in preterm newborn compared to the levels of the term newborns. The mean serum levels of anti-GBS antibodies in preterm newborns was 1059,22, ranging from 416 to 3924 (in titles), while in term newborns the mean level was 2025,50, ranging from 542 to 5476. There was a positive correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies and the gestational age which shows the correlation between prematurity and low levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies. The association between gestational age less than 37 weeks and reduction of anti-GBS antibody levels corroborates with the fact that preterm neonates are more vulnerable to the infection by this bacteria. The authors have come to the conclusion that transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies have been proved in term and preterm newborns. The transfer of immunoglobulin and antibodies was less effective in preterm newborns, whose serum levels were significantly lower compared to the levels of their mothers and the term newborns. Term newborns showed levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies similar to their mothers due to the increase of transplacental transfer of antibodies during the end of gestation. The positive correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin G and anti-Streptococcus B antibodies with gestational age, proves the importance of prematurity as a determining factor of the low serum concentrations in the components of this newborn\'s immunological repertoire. There was no significant difference between the levels of anti-Streptococcus B antibodies in mothers of term and preterm newborns.
49

Detecção e contagem de Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus agalactiae no leite por PCR em tempo real / Detection and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in milk by Real-Time PCR

Dibbern, Aline Gerato 29 January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho foi organizado em dois estudos. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi determinar o efeito da infecção intramamária (IIM) causada por S. aureus e S. agalactiae na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e na composição do leite (gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e extrato seco desengordurado), o efeito da contagem de S. aureus e S. agalactiae sobre a composição do leite e a estimativa da frequência de vacas e de quartos infectados com S. aureus e S. agalactiae por meio da contagem do tanque. O objetivo do segundo estudo foi avaliar a reação em cadeia da polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR) como metodologia alternativa à cultura microbiológica, por meio da sensibilidade diagnóstica, da concordância e da equivalência entre as metodologias para identificação e contagem de S. aureus e S. agalactiae de origem das vacas com IIM. O experimento foi realizado em quatro rebanhos comerciais com histórico de mastite causada por S. aureus e S. agalactiae. Foram coletadas 785 amostras compostas de leite, 3049 amostras de leite de quartos mamários de todas as vacas em lactação e 12 amostras de leite de tanque dos rebanhos selecionados, durante 3 meses consecutivos, totalizando 3 coletas por rebanho. As amostras de leite foram submetidas à detecção e contagem de S. aureus e S. agalactiae por meio de cultura microbiológica e de qPCR, e à análise de composição e CCS. No primeiro estudo, foi observado que amostras compostas de leite com S. agalactiae apresentaram menores teores de lactose e maiores teores de gordura, proteína, sólidos totais e CCS, e com S. aureus apresentaram menores teores de lactose e maiores teores de proteína e de CCS do leite. O aumento da contagem de S. aureus e S. agalactiae em amostras compostas de leite pode ocasionar aumento linear nos teores de lactose e de extrato seco desengordurado. Foi observado que as amostras compostas de leite e de quartos mamários apresentaram relação positiva referente às contagens de S. aureus e S. agalactiae e ao percentual (%) de amostras de leite com S. aureus e S. agalactiae. A partir de amostras compostas de leite pode-se estimar o percentual de quartos mamários com S. aureus e S. agalactiae. A contagem de S. aureus e de S. agalactiae de amostras de leite de tanque pode estimar o percentual de vacas com S. aureus e o percentual de quartos mamários com S. agalactiae. No segundo estudo, foi observado equivalência e concordância de resultados de identificação e contagem de S. agalactiae entre as metodologias de qPCR e cultura microbiológica somente em amostras de leite de tanque e de quartos mamários. Em amostras de leite com S. aureus e S. agalactiae, a qPCR apresentou sensibilidade diagnóstica de 71,54% e 90.20% em amostras de leite de quartos mamários, 71,79% e 87,72% em amostras compostas de leite e 50,00% e 90,91% em amostras de leite de tanque, respectivamente. Portanto, o leite de tanque e a qPCR podem se utilizadas para monitoramento da mastite bovina no rebanho leiteiro / This work was organized in two studies. The purpose of the first study was to determine the effect of intramammary infection (IMI) caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae in somatic cell count (SCC) and composition of milk (fat, protein, lactose, total solids and nonfat dry), the effect of S. aureus count and S. agalactiae on milk composition and an estimated frequency of cows and quarters infected with S. aureus and S. agalactiae by counting the tank. The purpose of the second study was to evaluate the polymerase chain reaction in real time (qPCR) as an alternative methodology to microbiological culture, through the diagnostic sensitivity, for consistency and equivalence between the methodologies for identification and enumeration of S. aureus and S. agalactiae source of cows with IMI. The experiment was conducted in four commercial herds with mastitis history caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae. We collected 785 samples composed of milk, 3049 milk samples from mammary glands of all lactating cows and 12 from the selected herds tank milk samples for 3 consecutive months, totaling 3 samples per herd. The milk samples were subjected to the detection and counting of S. aureus and S. agalactiae through microbial culture and qPCR, and the composition analysis and SCC. In the first study, it was observed that composite milk samples with S. agalactiae had lower lactose content and higher fat content, protein, total solids and SCC, and S. aureus showed lower lactose content and higher protein content and SCC milk. Increased count of S. aureus and S. agalactiae in composite samples of milk can cause a linear increase in the levels of lactose and nonfat dry. It was observed that the composite milk sample and mammary glands were closely related to the counts of S. aureus and S. agalactiae and the percentage (%) of samples of milk with S. aureus and S. agalactiae. From composite samples of milk can estimate the percentage of mammary quarters with S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The count of S. aureus and S. agalactiae of tank milk samples can estimate the percentage of cows with S. aureus and the percentage of mammary quarters with S. agalactiae. In the second study, it was observed equivalence agreement and identification results and S. agalactiae count between the methodologies of qPCR and microbiological culture only in tank milk samples and mammary glands. In milk samples with S. aureus and S. agalactiae, qPCR showed diagnostic sensitivity of 71.54% and 90.20% in milk samples from mammary quarters, 71.79% and 87.72% on composite samples of milk and 50.00% to 90.91% in tank milk samples, respectively. Therefore, the tank and the qPCR milk can be used for monitoring of bovine mastitis in dairy cattle
50

Transferência transplacentária de anticorpos em gestações gemelares / Placental transfer of immunoglobulins in twin pregnancies

Sônia Christina Leme Stach 13 April 2016 (has links)
Há poucos dados na literatura sobre o transporte transplacentário de imunoglobulinas em gestações múltiplas. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar fatores que influenciam a concentração de imunoglobulina G (IgG) no cordão umbilical dos neonatos e a transferência transplacentária de IgG total e de IgG contra o Streptococcus grupo B (EGB), e lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp.. Métodos: estudo prospectivo realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 2012 a 2013. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue materno e de cordão umbilical no momento do parto. Os critérios de inclusão foram gestações gemelares com ausência de sinais de infecção por HIV, citomegalovírus, Hepatites B e C, toxoplasmose e rubéola e ausência de doenças autoimunes, malformação fetal e síndromes genéticas. A análise multivariada foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre os níveis de IgG em cordão umbilical e as taxas de transferência de anticorpos com a concentração materna de IgG, a corionicidade da gestação, a presença de insuficiência placentária, a restrição de crescimento intrauterino, a idade gestacional de nascimento, o peso de nascimento, o tabagismo, a doença materna e a via de parto. Resultados: a concentração de IgG total em cordão umbilical apresentou correlação positiva com os níveis maternos séricos de IgG total e a idade gestacional do parto. Os níveis de IgG total em cordão umbilical foram significativamente menores em gestações monocoriônicas quando comparadas às dicoriônicas. A taxa de transferência de IgG total apresentou correlação positiva com a idade gestacional do parto, mas negativa com as concentrações maternas de IgG total. As concentrações de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp. apresentaram associação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra esses antígenos e com o diabetes. Os níveis de IgG contra LPS de Klebsiella spp. também foram associados com o peso de nascimento e com hipertensão materna. As taxas de transferência de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Pseudomonas spp. apresentaram correlação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra os antígenos referidos. A taxa de transferência de IgG contra EGB também esteve associada com a idade gestacional do parto, enquanto a taxa de transferência de IgG contra LPS de Pseudomonas spp. apresentou correlação com diabetes. Não houve correlação entre a taxa de transferência de IgG contra a LPS de Klebsiella spp. com nenhum fator analisado. Conclusão: em gestações gemelares, a concentração total de IgG em cordão umbilical foi influenciada pela concentração materna de IgG total, pela idade gestacional do parto e pela corionicidade placentária. As concentrações de IgG total foram significativamente menores em gestações monocoriônicas que em dicoriônicas. As concentrações séricas de IgG contra EGB e LPS de Klebsiella spp. e Pseudomonas spp. em cordão umbilical apresentaram associação com os níveis maternos de IgG específicos contra esses antígenos e com a presença de diabetes. Todos os outros parâmetros estudados apresentaram diferentes associações com as concentrações de IgG e com as taxas de transferências de IgG específicas contra cada antígeno investigado / There is a lack of data in the literature regarding the placental transport of immunoglobulins in twin pregnancies. The objective of this study was to examine factors that influence the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cord serum and the placental transfer of total IgG and of IgGs against Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Hospital das Clinicas in the São Paulo University Medical School between 2012 and 2013. Maternal and umbilical cord samples were collected at birth. The inclusion criteria were twin pregnancies with no evidence of infection with HIV, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B or C, toxoplasmosis, or rubella. Twin pregnancies with evidence of autoimmune disease, fetal malformations or genetic syndromes were also excluded. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cord serum concentrations of IgG and IgG transfer ratios as well as the associations between cord serum concentrations of IgG and maternal serum concentrations of IgG, pregnancy chorionicity, the presence of an abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility index, intrauterine growth restriction, gestational age at delivery (GAD), birth weight, placental weight, smoking during pregnancy, maternal disease, and mode of delivery. Results: Total IgG concentrations in cord sera were positively correlated with total IgG concentrations in maternal sera. Cord serum concentrations of IgG were also positively correlated with GAD. Cord serum concentrations of total IgG were significantly lower in monochorionic versus dichorionic pregnancies. The total IgG transfer ratio was positively correlated with GAD but was inversely correlated with total IgG concentration in maternal serum. Cord serum concentrations of IgGs against GBS, Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were significantly associated with maternal concentrations of specific IgGs and the presence of maternal diabetes. Cord serum concentrations of anti-Klebsiella spp. LPS IgG were also correlated with birth weight and the presence of maternal hypertension. The transfer ratios of IgGs against GBS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were related to maternal concentrations of specific IgGs. The transfer ratios of IgGs against GBS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were also associated with GAD and the presence of diabetes, respectively. None of the examined parameters were found to be correlated with the transfer ratio of IgG against Klebsiella spp. LPS. Conclusions: In twin pregnancies, in addition to the influences of maternal serum concentrations of total IgG and of GAD, chorionicity was also found to influence cord serum concentrations of total IgG. Compared with dichorionic twins, monochorionic twins were found to have lower concentrations of total IgG in cord sera. Umbilical cord serum concentrations of IgGs against GBS, Klebsiella spp. LPS and Pseudomonas spp. LPS were associated with maternal serum concentrations of specific IgGs and with maternal diabetes. All of the remaining parameters that were investigated had varying associations with concentrations of specific IgGs in cord serum and with placental transfer and were dependent on the antigen being studied

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