A presente pesquisa analisou as feiras agroecológicas realizadas por camponeses no estado da Paraíba, experiência que se constituiu na comercialização direta de alimentos produzidos em assentamentos rurais e pequenas propriedades. Essa iniciativa foi resultado de soluções para problemas provocados pelo uso de agrotóxicos, a venda da produção para atravessadores e a busca pela constituição da vida na terra conquistada. Os camponeses que encabeçaram essa experiência traziam uma vivência de enfrentamento contra os latifúndios improdutivos e oligarquias rurais. Foi na longa trajetória percorrida na luta pela terra que se formaram as bases políticas e sociais no sentido que pretendiam dotar a vida na terra conquistada. Dessa forma, a não utilização de agrotóxicos e de fertilizantes químicos, bem como a recusa em plantar as sementes transgênicas fizeram parte de uma prática agrícola contra-hegemônica, que buscou diminuir a dependência das famílias camponesas dos oligopólios mundiais. Diante disso, objetivamos compreender o protagonismo camponês na luta por condições mais justas no campo, diante da concentrada estrutura fundiária brasileira e dos privilégios governamentais concedidos ao agronegócio. Nesse contexto, identificamos que até concretizarem a realização da primeira feira agroecológica, as famílias camponesas enfrentaram uma série de dificuldades, desde a falta de apoio governamental até a proibição de instalação de feiras em algumas cidades. Mesmo diante das adversidades, constatamos uma série de resultados positivos, como melhoria da saúde das famílias, oferta de alimentos saudáveis para a cidade, melhoria do solo agrícola e aumento da renda familiar. Todavia, apesar das conquistas, o número de integrantes que praticam uma agricultura contra-hegemônica ainda é pequeno diante da agricultura convencional. Dessa forma, a partir dos estudos da geografia agrária, buscamos analisar os processos de monopolização do território e territorialização do monopólio na agricultura, para compreender os processos de criação e recriação do campesinato. Portanto, com base nesses processos, levantamos a tese da possibilidade de superação da condição de subordinação camponesa a partir da realização de projetos como o das feiras agroecológicas, enquanto concepção mais ampla de vida e de transformações sociais, interligadas às discussões da construção da soberania alimentar. / This research analysed the agroecological fairs held by peasants in the state of Paraíba, as an experience that was constituted in the direct commercialization of food produced in rural settlements and small properties, an initiative that was the result of solutions to issues such as the problems caused using agrochemicals, the sale of production for middlemen and the constitution of life in the conquered land. The peasants who led this experience brought an experience of confrontation against the unproductive latifundios and rural oligarchies. It was throughout the long trajectory crossed in the struggle for land that the political and social foundations were formed in the sense that they intended to endow their life in the conquered land. Thus, the non-use of agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers, as well as the refusal to plant transgenic seeds, were part of an anti-hegemonic agricultural practice that sought to reduce the dependence of peasant families on global oligopolies. Based on this, we aim to understand the peasant protagonism in the fight for fairer conditions in rural, facing the concentrated Brazilian land structure and the governmental privileges granted to agribusiness. In this context, we identified that until the first agroecological fair was held, the peasant families faced a series of difficulties, from the lack of government support to the prohibition of the installation of fairs in some cities. Even in the face of adversity, we have seen many positive results, such as improving the health of families, providing healthy food for the city, improving agricultural land and increasing family income. However, despite the achievements, the number of members who practice an anti-hegemonic agriculture is still small compared to conventional agriculture. Thus, from the studies of agrarian geography, we seek to analyse the processes of monopolization of the territory and territorialization of the monopoly in agriculture, in order to understand the processes of creation and recreation of the peasantry. Therefore, based on these processes, we raised the thesis of the possibility of overcoming the condition of peasant subordination from the realization of projects such as agroecological fairs, as a broader conception of life and social transformations, linked to the discussions of the construction of food sovereignty.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This research addresses the organic rice production process in the settlements Madre Terra, Cristo Rei and Zambeze and the impacts that such production engenders in São Gabriel / RS. With the crisis of conventional production model and the environmental, social and economic, resulting from the intensive use of agrochemicals, is included in the company an efficient production model, it is the agroecological agriculture developed during the production of organic rice process. From the literature focused on the topic of interest, as the struggle for land in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, the agro-ecological production strategies and the production of organic rice, it was possible to grasp the organic production system in question. To meet the objectives of the investigation, which presents a qualitative approach, was developed through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with family farmers and settlers technicians COPTEC and ATES. Finally, it is evident that the productive organization of organic rice requires active participation of the community and technicians during the production process, because the organic management requires manual and daily work, and also the constant search for techniques and technologies that best suit the reality of the place and the variety of cultivated rice, and this form of production builds relationships between society and nature, modifying the configuration of the territory, incorporating a form of organization and different life, creating a new agriculture and a new farmer . / A presente pesquisa aborda o processo de produção do arroz orgânico nos assentamentos Madre Terra, Cristo Rei e Zambeze e os impactos que tal produção engendra no município de São Gabriel/RS. Com a crise do modelo de produção convencional e os impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, decorrentes da intensa utilização de agroquímicos, se insere na sociedade um modelo de produção eficiente, trata-se da agricultura agroecológica desenvolvida durante o processo produtivo do arroz orgânico. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico centrado no tema de interesse, como a luta pela terra no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul, as estratégias de produção agroecológica e a produção do arroz orgânico, foi possível apreender o sistema produtivo orgânico em questão. Para atender os objetivos da investigação, que apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvida, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram realizadas com os agricultores familiares assentados e técnicos da COPTEC e ATES. Por fim, evidencia-se que, a organização produtiva do arroz orgânico necessita participação ativa dos assentados e técnicos durante o processo produtivo, pois o manejo orgânico exige trabalho manual e diário, e também, a busca constante por técnicas e tecnologias que melhor se adaptam a realidade do lugar e a variedade de arroz cultivado, sendo que, esta forma de produção constrói relações entre a sociedade e a natureza, modificando a configuração do território, incorporando uma forma de organização e vida diferente, gerando uma nova agricultura e um novo agricultor.

L’effet des pratiques agroécologiques traditionnelles et innovantes sur les paramètres de fertilité des sols agricoles cultivés en grande culture a été étudié. L’étude a été réalisée en milieu paysan dans la zone agricole de Sampieri à l’Est du Burkina Faso en milieu soudano-sahélien sur des lixisols. La perception des agriculteurs sur la dégradation des sols et la pratique de l’agroécologie, les déterminants de l’adoption des pratiques agroécologiques et l'effet de ces pratiques sur les paramètres physiques, chimiques et microbiologiques ont été déterminés pour des parcelles sous pratiques agroécologiques, versus traditionnelles, comparés aux sols témoins. L’effet de ces pratiques sur le rendement (grains et pailles) du sorgho a également été évalué. L’étude a montré que les pratiques traditionnelles dans la zone sont progressivement remplacées par des pratiques de culture agroécologiques qui ont été enseignées aux producteurs par les partenaires intervenants dans la zone.Les déterminants de l'adoption de ces pratiques sont entre autres l'augmentation des rendements des cultures, l'amélioration du revenu des producteurs, la fourniture ou non de ressources matérielles et humaines et la formation des acteurs. On note également que les agriculteurs ont des indicateurs qui leur sont spécifiques pour apprécier et décrire la fertilité de leurs sols. L’effet des pratiques a été plus significatif pour la plupart des paramètres chimiques (C, N, CE,…) surtout pour la couche 0-10 cm.Les pratiques agroécologiques ont un effet significativement positif sur l'activité minéralisatrice des microorganismes du sol. En outre, il existait une corrélation entre la superficie des parcelles aménagées en cordon pierreux et la plupart des paramètres de fertilité du sol. Par contre aucun gradient de fertilité des sols n’apparait en fonction de la pente lorsqu’on s’éloigne de la première ligne de cordon pierreux. / The effect of traditional and innovative agroecological practices on the fertility parameters of agricultural soils grown in the field was studied. The study was carried out in a peasant environment in the agricultural area of Sampieri in eastern Burkina Faso in the Sudano-Sahelian environment onlixisols. Farmers' perception of soil degradation and the practice of agroecology, the determinants of the adoption of agroecological practices and the effect of these practices on physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were determined for plots under agroecological practices, versus traditional, compared to control soils. The effect of these practices on the yield (grains and straws) of sorghum was also evaluated. The study showed that traditional practices are being gradually replaced by agroecological cultivation practices that have been taught to producers by the partners involved in the area. The determinants of the adoption of these practices are among others the increase in crop yields, the improvement of producers' income, the supply or not of material and human resources and the training of actors. It is also noted that farmers have indicators specific to them to appreciate and describe the fertility of their soils. The effect of the practices was more significant for most chemical parameters (C, N, CE,...) especially for the 0-10 cm layer. Agroecological practices have a significantly positive effect on the mineralizing activity of soil microorganisms. In addition, there was a correlation between the area of stony cord parcels and most soil fertility parameters. On the otherhand, no gradient of soil fertility appears as a function of the slope when one moves away from the first line of stony cord.

Trotz des erheblichen Ausmaßes der Bodenerosion in vielen Entwicklungsländern ist bislang weitgehend unklar, welches ihre wesentlichen anthropogenen Ursachen sind, und damit auch, wo Politiken und Maßnahmen für den Erhalt der Nahrungs- und Produktionsressource Boden ansetzen sollten. Jenseits unmittelbarer natürlicher und landnutzerischer Ursachen stehen heute sozioökonomische Faktoren im Mittelpunkt der Diskussion, von denen angenommen wird, daß sie die Anbau- und Bodenschutzentscheidungen der Landnutzer und darüber das Ausmaß an Bodenerosion beeinflussen, insbesondere: (i) verstärkte Armut, (ii) zunehmender Bevölkerungsdruck, (iii) verzerrte Agrarpreise, (iv) unangepaßter technischer Fortschritt sowie (v) unsichere Landbesitzverhältnisse. Der Bedeutung dieser Bestimmungsfaktoren wird vorwiegend im Rahmen produktionsökonomischer Ansätze und der Theorie der Induzierten Innovation nachgegangen. Allerdings wird die Wirkung einzelner Ursachen in der Literatur sehr unterschiedlich eingeschätzt. So wird beispielsweise in eher optimistischen Szenarien davon ausgegangen, daß Armuts- und Bevölkerungsdruck langfristig zur Entwicklung und Verbreitung bodenschonender Innovationen führen. In negativen Szenarien überwiegen hingegen Stimmen, die gerade in diesem Druck bei gleichzeitigem Preisdruck die wesentlichen Ursachen für die kurzsichtige Übernutzung des Bodens sehen. Empirische Studien zur Fundierung der kontrovers diskutierten Hypothesen liegen bislang nur für einen jeweils begrenzten lokalen Kontext vor und sind kaum verallgemeinerbar. Vor diesem Hintergrund bieten die Daten der ersten weltweiten Erhebung zum Stand der Bodenerosion (GLASOD, UNEP/ISRIC, 1991) nunmehr die Möglichkeit, sozioökonomische und landnutzerische Determinanten der Bodenerosion auf überregionaler Ebene empirisch zu untersuchen. Anhand der Aggregation und Analyse der im GLASOD enthaltenen Informationen wird zunächst deutlich, daß Afrika und Südostasien flächenmäßig mit jeweils rd. 4,5 Mio km2 am meisten zur Degradation durch Bodenerosion und Nährstoffverluste[1] in Entwicklungsländern beitragen, während der Anteil erodierter Fläche an der jeweiligen Gesamtfläche des Subkontinents[2] in Südwestasien (37%), Mittelamerika und Südostasien (jeweils rd. 25%) am höchsten ist. Extrem stark erodierte Länder finden sich v.a. in Mittelamerika und Afrika: In El Salvador, Haiti und Costa Rica sind zwischen 60% und 90% der jeweiligen Landesfläche betroffen. In Afrika sind vor allem die nord- und westafrikanischen Sahelländer Tunesien, Mauretanien, Libyen, Niger, Burkina Faso und Mali, im Osten die Hochlandstaaten Burundi und Rwanda sowie schließlich die Kapverdischen Inseln, besonders stark erodiert (40% bis 80% der Landesfläche). Wassererosion hat den größten Anteil an der Erosionsfläche, in Mittelamerika und Südostasien sind sogar mehr als 70% der erodierten Fläche von Wassererosion betroffen. Für die empirische Analyse der Zusammenhänge zwischen Bodenerosion und möglichen Bestimmungsfaktoren wird ein exploratives, ökonometrisches Vorgehen auf Grundlage nationaler Daten gewählt[3]. Die spezifische Aufeinanderfolge verschiedener Korrelations-, Faktoren- und Regressionsanalysen wird der großen Anzahl in Frage kommender Indikatorvariablen für mögliche Erosionsdeterminanten sowie den zu erwartenden Problemen der Multikollinearität und Modellspezifizierung in besonderem Maße gerecht. Letztere ergeben sich einerseits aus anzunehmenden Abhängikeiten unter verschiedenen Erosionsdeterminanten. Andererseits macht der latente Charakter[4], den die aus einem mikroökonomischen Kontext abgeleiteten Erosionsursachen auf aggregierter Ebene haben, es notwendig, für jede der angenommenen Determinanten verschiedene, u.U. korrelierte Indikatorvariablen zu definieren, was zusätzlich Kollinearität bedingt. Für Bodenerosion werden auf der Basis der national aggregierten GLASOD-Daten verschiedene Erosionsindizes definiert, die prinzipiell den von Wasser- und Winderosion sowie durch Nährstoffverluste betroffenen Anteil der nutzbaren Landesfläche wiedergeben. Die Datengrundlage für mögliche Erosionsdeterminanten wird ausgehend von Datensammlungen internationaler Organisationen für den Zeitraum 1961-1990 zusammengestellt. Für eine große Anzahl der in der Literatur diskutierten sozioökonomischen, landnutzerischen und auch natürlichen Rahmenbedingungen können repräsentative Indikatorvariablen definiert werden. Mangels geeigneter Indikatoren und Daten bleiben allerdings die Art und Sicherheit der Landbesitzverhältnisse unberücksichtigt. Insgesamt umfaßt die Datengrundlage rund 150 Variablen. Die Ergebnisse der Einfachkorrelationsanalysen zwischen den Erosionsindizes und möglichen Determinanten dienen einer ersten Einschätzung der Zusammenhänge. Sie zeigen, daß länderübergreifend insbesondere Variablen des Bevölkerungsdrucks sowie der durchschnittliche Waldanteil mit dem Ausmaß Bodenerosion in Zusammenhang stehen. Die Abholzungsraten in den 80er Jahren sind vor allem mit dem Ausmaß der Wassererosion korreliert. Bei Betrachtung der Länder mittleren Klimas[5] können Zusammenhänge mit Variablen nachgewiesen werden, die die Landnutzungsintensität und die Ausdehnung der tatsächlichen Nutzfläche in Relation zur potentiellen Nutzfläche wiedergeben. Weiterhin stehen in der mittleren Klimazone tendenziell sinkende Produzentenpreise für Agrarprodukte in Zusammenhang mit dem Ausmaß der Erosion. Erwartungsgemäß ist die Bedeutung natürlicher Faktoren für einzelne Erosionsformen und Klimazonen charakteristisch. Insgesamt scheinen Variablen, die das Ergebnis einer vermutlich längerfristigen Entwicklung wiedergeben, mehr Bedeutung für das Ausmaß der Erosion zu haben als solche, die Veränderungen im Referenzzeitraum 1961-1990 erfassen. Anhand verschiedener Faktorenanalysen für 62 Variablen und 73 Länder mit annähernd vollständigen Datensätzen können sodann strukturelle Zusammenhänge unter der Vielzahl möglicherweise relevanter Erosionsdeterminanten aufgedeckt und die Variablenanzahl auf Grundlage dieser Zusammenhänge auf eine geringere Anzahl weitgehend voneinander unabhängiger Größen reduziert werden. Es zeigt sich, daß die Struktur der Variablen durch etwa zehn gut interpretierbare Faktoren bei rd. 75% erklärter Gesamtvarianz klar wiedergegeben werden kann, und daß diese Faktoren auch bei Variation der Ausgangsvariablen sowie der Faktorextraktions- und Rotationsmethode stabil bleiben. Bemerkenswert ist, daß viele der Faktoren einen deutlichen Bezug zu den in der Literatur diskutierten Wirkungsketten unter möglichen Erosionsdeterminanten haben. So werden in dem für die Erklärung der Gesamtvarianz wichtigsten Faktor Variablen gebündelt, die die langfristige Intensivierung der Landnutzung im Zusammenhang mit strukturellem Bevölkerungsdruck und begrenzter Verfügbarkeit landwirtschaftlich nutzbarer Flächen erfassen. Weitere wichtige Faktoren beziehen sich auf strukturelle Armut in Verbindung mit erhöhtem ländlichen Bevölkerungswachstum; auf die mit Bevölkerungsdruck einhergehende langfristige wie auch rezente Expansion der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche und Abholzung von Naturwald; auf Entwicklungswege, die eher auf die Produktion hochwertiger Produkte statt auf eine Flächenexpansion abzielen. Für die Preisentwicklung im Referenzzeitraum kann anhand einer Faktorenanalyse mit reduzierter Länderanzahl[6] gezeigt werden, daß ein Zusammenhang zwischen langfristig geringen oder negativen Preiszuwächsen im Agrarsektor und dem Faktor "Rezente Abholzungsraten" besteht. Um die relative Bedeutung dieser Faktoren für Bodenerosion zu quantifizieren, werden schrittweise Regressionsanalysen mit Bodenerosion als abhängiger Variablen und ausgewählten Repräsentantenvariablen für jeden Faktor als angenommenen unabhängigen Variablen durchgeführt[7]. Es lassen sich drei besonders relevante anthropogene Entwicklungen identifizieren, anhand derer das Erosionsausmaß bis zu rund 75% erklärt werden kann: (1) die langfristige, historische Ausdehnung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche auf Kosten des Waldbestandes in Zusammenhang mit einem Gesamtbevölkerungsdruck, der gegen Ende der 80er Jahre die agrar-ökologische Tragfähigkeit überschreitet; (2) die rezente Abholzung von Naturwald, die in Zusammenhang mit dem Wachstum der Gesamtbevölkerung zu sehen ist. Hier scheinen weniger der Druck der Agrarbevölkerung und die Ausdehnung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche - also die Produktionsseite - im Vordergrund zu stehen, als vielmehr der Druck der Nachfrageseite, in Kombination mit einem tendenziell sinkenden Agrarpreisniveau, das den Expansionsdruck auf das Land verstärkt hat. (3) Die langfristige, bevölkerungsdruckinduzierte Intensivierung der Agrarproduktion, vor allem durch Umwandlung von Dauergrünland in Ackerland, verkürzte Brachezeiten und erhöhte Viehbesatzdichten. Ein weiteres Ergebnis ist, daß in keinem Fall ein wesentlicher Einfluß von Armut auf das landesweite Ausmaß der Bodenerosion nachgewiesen werden kann - wie bereits die Ergebnisse der Einfachkorrelationsanalysen für immerhin 15 verschiedene Armutsindikatoren vermuten lassen. Es bestehen Unterschiede in den Erklärungsmustern für verschiedene Erosionsformen und Klimazonen. Die rezenten Abholzungsraten haben für Wassererosion, insbesondere in Ländern der extrem humiden Klimazone, herausragende Bedeutung. Zusätzlich zu den Faktoren (1) und (2) ist die Intensität der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion (3) vor allem für Wassererosion und in Ländern der mittleren Klimazone von Bedeutung. Hier ist auch die negative Wirkung einer sinkenden Agrarpreisentwicklung am stärksten. Gleichzeitig gilt hier: je eher der eingeschlagene Entwicklungsweg auf die Produktion hochwertiger Produkte im Gegesatz zur reinen Flächenexpansion abzielt, desto geringer ist das Erosionsausmaß. Für das Ausmaß der Winderosion und der Degradation durch Nährstoffverluste hingegen sind insbesondere die agroklimatischen Bedingungen ausschlaggebend. Die als erosionsrelevant identifizierten anthropogenen Rahmenbedingungen sind mit zentralen theoretischen Hypothesen konsistent. Fraglos gehören sie eher zu den Größen, deren kurzfristige Beeinflussung durch politische Maßnahmen schwierig ist. Dennoch können folgende Ansätze für eine Schwerpunktsetzung bei der Gestaltung von Politikmaßnahmen zur wirksamen Erosionsverminderung abgeleitet werden: Die Reduktion des Bevölkerungsdrucks durch eine an die natürlichen Bedingungen und relativen Faktorknappheiten angepaßte Erhöhung des Produktionspotentials, gerade auch in Regionen mit relativ niedrigem Potential. Eine stärkere Fokussierung auf Forstpolitiken bzw. auf eine Regulierung der kommerziellen Nutzung von Wäldern, vor allem in humiden Klimazonen. .Eine selektive, langfristig angelegte Verbesserung der incentive-Struktur für bodenschonende Produkte und Anbaumethoden über wirtschaftspolitische Eingriffe sowie durch verbesserte institutionelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen. Von Politiken zur Armutsbekämpfung ist hingegen nicht zu erwarten, daß sie maßgebliche Impulse zur Verminderung der Bodenerosion geben können. Es muß jedoch immer präsent bleiben, daß arme Landnutzer sicherlich am stärksten und häufig existentiell von Erosionsschäden betroffen sind. Die Qualität zukünftiger Forschungsbemühungen auf globaler Ebene wird vor allem von der zukünftigen Datenverfügbarkeit und -qualität bestimmt: Für den Stand der Bodenerosion sind Informationen für verschiedene Zeitpunkte erforderlich; für anthropogene Erosionsdeterminanten eröffnen georeferenzierte Daten der Forschung gänzlich neue Perspektiven. Parallel zu überregionalen Analysen sind weitere lokale, sub-nationale Studien unbedingt notwendig, um umfassend zu ergründen, warum und welche Landnutzer die Ressource Boden in einem konkreten sozioökonomischen Kontext degradieren. Fußnoten: [1]Neben der Wasser- und Winderosion wird eine weitere Degradationsform, der Verlust von Nährstoffen und organischer Substanz, mitberücksichtigt und vereinfachend mit "Nährstoffverluste" bezeichnet.[2]Gemeint ist die nutzbare Landesfläche, Ödland ausgenommen. [3]Georeferenzierte Daten liegen derzeit für sozioökonomische Erosionsdeterminanten noch nicht vor.[4]D.h. Größen, von denen a priori nicht bekannt ist, wie sie beobachtet und gemessen werden können. [5]Dies sind Länder, in denen weder extrem aride noch extrem humide Bedingungen vorherrschen. [6]Für die entsprechende Variable liegen nur Daten für 56 Länder vor.[7]Umgekehrte Wirkungen der Erosion auf die als unabhängig angenommenen anthropogenen Variablen sind im Betrachtungszeitraum - bis auf die Armutswirkung starker Erosion - unwahrscheinlich. / By the end of this century, soil erosion has reached an alarming extent in many developing countries. Still, uncertainty prevails regarding the human-induced causes of soil erosion. In consequence, many efforts to design efficient anti-erosion policies and instruments remain erratic. The actual discussion about human-induced causes of soil erosion focusses on socioeconomic factors that assumably influence the land users´ decisions on agricultural production and soil protection, and, hence, the degree of soil erosion. The most frequently discussed factors are: (i) poverty, (ii) population pressure, (iii) biased agricultural prices, (iv) the introduction of inadequate technical innovations and (iv) insecurity of land tenure. They are basically deduced from and discussed on base of production theory and the theory of induced innovation. Nevertheless, the different views on the importance to be assigned to the single factors are quite controverse. For example, in a rather optimistic scenario, it is argued that poverty and population pressure lead to the development of soil-conserving innovations in the long run. On the other side, poverty and population pressure, in combination with falling agricultural prices, are assumed to lead to a short-termist overuse of the soil. Empirical evidence that supports some of the controverse hypotheses on the causes of soil erosion is restricted to local studies based on local data on soil erosion, their results can hardly be generalized. In this context, the spatial data compiled within the global assessment of human-induced soil degradation (GLASOD; UNEP/ISRIC, 1991) for the first time permits a large-scale empirical analysis of socioeconomic and landuse factors relevant to erosion. By aggregating the information of the GLASOD data, countries and regions whith marked soil erosion can be identified. While Africa and Asia most contribute to the extent of soil erosion and the loss of nutrients[8] in absolute terms (4,5 mio sqkm each), it is in Southwest Asia (37%), Central America and Southeast Asia (25% each), where the proportion of of the land area - excluding wastelands - that is affected reaches the highest levels. Looked at on a national level, countries with an extreme extent of soil erosion are to be found in Central America and Africa: In El Salvador, Haiti and Costa Rica, 60 to 90 percent of the land area[9] are affected. In Africa, Sahelian Countries as Tunesia, Mauretania, Libya, Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali, as well as the eastafrican highlands of Burundi and Rwanda, and also Cape Verde show the highest proportions of eroded land area2 (40 to 80 %). Water erosion is the most widespread type of erosion, in Central America and Southeast Asia it even contributes with about 70% to the area affected by erosion and the loss of nutrients1. The methodological approach chosen for the empirical analysis of human-induced causes of soil erosion is an explorative, econometric one, based on national cross-country data[10]. A specific combination of correlation analyses, factor analysis, and regression analysis is designed, that can handle the great number of possible indicators for the assumed causes of erosion, and cope with related problems of multicollinearity and model specification. Those problems result from supposed interrelationships among different human-induced causes of soil erosion. At the same time, many of the causes of erosion have a latent character when considered on a national level[11], since they are deduced from a microeconomic context. This makes it necessary to define various indicator variables for each of them, which, again, implies additional multicollinearity. On the basis of the aggregated GLASOD data, a set of operational variables for soil erosion is defined. They basically indicate the proportion of a country´s degradable land area (i.e. land area minus wastelands) that is eroded through wind, water, or degraded by the loss of nutrients and organic matter by the end of the 80´s. In turn, the database for possible determinants of erosion is compiled departing from standard international data sets for the time span 1961-1990. Representative indicators can be defined for many of the causative factors discussed in literature, as well for socioeconomic ones, as for landuse, and also for natural factors. They are adapted in a way that they not only best fit and capture the hypothesized determinants, but also the ecological and timely dimension of the analysis. One important field that is not covered is land tenure. The resulting database comprises about 150 variables for possible causative factors, with a varying number of country-data available. The results of correlation analyses between the indicator variables for soil erosion and for possible causative factors facilitate a first assesion of relevant relationships. They show, that variables that quantify population pressure and the proportion of forested area are correlated with soil erosion for all countries. Deforestation rates in the 80´s are especially related to water erosion. Considering only countries without extreme climatic conditions[12] correlations are found between soil erosion and variables for the intensity of land use and the degree of expansion of the agricultural frontier. Producer price declines for relevant agricultural products are also found to be correlated with soil erosion in these countries. Corresponding to theoretical assumptions, the importance of different natural factors vary for different types of erosion and climatic zones. Altogether, variables that express structural conditions and can be regarded as the outcome of historical, long-term developments, seem to have stronger correlation with the extent of soil erosion than variables that quantify changes that took place within the time span under consideration, 1961 to 1990. The next methodological step consists in different factor analyses for 62 of the variables that express possible causative factors and for 73 countries with approximatively complete data sets. The principal objectives are to detect structural interrelationships among the multitude of variables and to reduce their number on the basis of these interrelations, in a way to obtain a set of variables that are largely independent of each other. It turns out that the structure of the 62 variables under consideration can clearly be reproduced by about 10 factors, with about 75% of their total variance being explained. These factors prove to be robust with respect to changes in the set of included variables, and in the methods of extraction and rotation. It is noteworthy, that many of the identified factors refer to cause-effect relationships that are discussed in literature. For instance, the factor that explains the greatest part of total variance, combines variables that quantify the long-run intensification of land use with others that stand for structural population pressure and a limited buffer for the expansion of the agricultural area. Other important factors relate to structural poverty, in combination with high rates of rural population growth; to the long-term and recent deforestation and to total population pressure; to development paths that aim at sopisticated animal procuction and permanent culture rather than at a mere expansion of the agricultural area. Other factors stand for the prevailing natural conditions. Based on a factor analysis for a reduced number of countries, it can be shown that declinig aggregate agricultural producer prices[13] are associated with the factor ´recent deforestation rates´. To quantify the relative importance of the identified factors, stepwise regression analyses are then carried out, with soil erosion as the dependent variable and selected representative variables for each of the factors as presumed independent variables[14]. Three human-induced factors, or developments, show to have particular relevance for the extent of soil erosion, that they can explain to up to 75%: (1) the long-run historical expansion of the agricultural frontier at the expense of the forested area, in combination with a population pressure well above the corresponding supporting capacities in the 80´s; (2) recent deforestation rates in conjunction with total population growth. This effect can rather be associated with a growth of demand for agricultural and forestral products and declining agricultural prices than with pressures directly resulting from agricultural population and expansion; (3) the long-run intensification of land use, mainly throug the conversion of permanent pastures to arable land, the shortening of fallow periods, and the increase of animal densities. This type of intensification is associated with and possibly induced by high structural population pressure in agricultural areas. Another important result is that poverty seems to have minor impact on the extent of soil erosion at the aggregate, national level. None of the included variables that represent the factor ´poverty´ shows a significant relative impact, neither in the models for the sum of erosion nor for specific types of erosion or climatic zones. This fact supports the low correlation coefficients for altogether 15 different poverty indicators that were calculated in the context of simple correlation analysis. Specific models for specific types of erosion and climatic zones show that there exist characteristic patterns of explanation for each type and zone. Recent deforestation rates and the associated features (factor (2))are particularily important in the explanation of water erosion, especially in countries with predominant humid climate. The impact of production-intensity in terms of factor (3) is specific for water erosion, and for countries without extreme climatic conditions, together with the factors (1) and (2). This is also where the negative effect of declinig agricultural prices appears to be strongest. At the same time, the development of sopisticated animal procuction and the growth of the area under permanent culture in contrast to a mere expansion of the agricultural area seem to be favourable to the soil in this context. In the explanation of wind erosion and loss of nutrients, natural factors are in the foreground. The identified, human-induced pressures related to long-term population growth, intesification, agricultural price decline and recent deforestation are consistent with important theoretical hypotheses. Those pressures are clearly not of the type that can be overcome over night through political intervention. Nevertheless, they lead to the following areas of intervention that should be given priority in the design of policy measures for the reduction of soil erosion: A reduction of population pressure through an increase in site-specific production potentials, based upon innovations that match the prevailing agro-ecological and economic conditions. Special attention should be given to low potential areas.A stronger focus on forest policy and the regulation of commercial forest use especially in the humid zone.A selective, long-term improvement of economic incentives for the production of soil-conserving crops with soil-conserving methods, by means of economic policy as well as through improved institutional conditions. Policies that aim at the reduction of poverty can not be expected to play a decisive role in the reduction of soil erosion. In spite of that, it is most necessary that policy makers keep in mind that the poor certainly are most affected by and vulnerable to erosion damages. At a global scale, the quality of future research on the topic will largely be determined by data availability and quality: concerning soil erosion, information at different points in time is necessary; for anthropogenic factors, spatial datasets will bring a new dimension into scientific research. Parallel with global analyses, further in depth local studies are necessary for a comprehensive and detailed insight into why and which land users degrade the resource they depend on in a specific socioeconomic context. footnotes: [8]The loss of nutrients and organic matter, independent of soil erosion, is also considered and is abbreviated with the term ´loss of nutrients´ in this text. [9]Again, it is the land area excluding wasteland that is being referred to. [10]Spatial data sets are not avaiable yet for socioeconomic factors related to soil erosion. [11]I.e. it is not known a priori, how these causes can be measured and quantified. [12]I.e. countries without predominant arid, hyper-arid or humid agroclimatioc conditions. [13]The availability of data for the variable in cause is limited to 56 coutries. [14]Reciprocal effects that soil erosion might have on anthropogenic factors are not very likely to occurr within the considered time span, except a possible increase of poverty due to erosion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO DE MESTRADO - GIZELA GOTUZZO - 10 DEZ 09.pdf: 1007305 bytes, checksum: 7138b61eda2716363b0ff829c2379356 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-07 / This paper analyzes the role performed by the Regional Association of Agroecological Producers of the Southern Region (ARPA-SUL) and also by the South Ecological Cooperative of Familiar Agriculturists Ltd., organizations of solidarity economy of familiar agroecological agriculturists, in the promotion of the sustainability of this segment in the region of Pelotas The associated agroecological agriculturists establish an important level of dependence on these organizations, since, by allowing the activity of ecological basis production of those, they are enabled to absence themselves of living in a situation of social vulnerability as well as benefit both economically and socially. Therefore, such organizations of solidarity economy, present themselves as a means for the agroecological agriculturists of the region of Pelotas have access to the market and to the social policies promoted by the State, besides, through self management work, practice the right to citizenship / Esta dissertação analisa o papel desempenhado pela Associação Regional de Produtores Agroecologistas da Região Sul (ARPA-SUL) e também pela Cooperativa Sul Ecológica de Agricultores Familiares Ltda, organizações estas de economia solidária de agricultores familiares agroecológicos, na promoção da sustentabilidade deste segmento na região de Pelotas. Os agricultores agroecológicos associados estabelecem importante grau de dependência a estas organizações, uma vez que, ao viabilizarem a atividade de produção de base ecológica daqueles, possibilitam absterem-se de viver em situação de vulnerabilidade social bem como beneficiarem-se econômico e socialmente. Assim sendo, tais organizações de economia solidária, se apresentam como o meio de os agricultores agroecológicos da região de Pelotas ter acesso ao mercado e às políticas sociais promovidas pelo Estado, além de, mediante o trabalho autogestionário, exercerem o direito à cidadania

Os sistemas de produção agrícola atuais são em sua maioria ecologicamente impactantes e utilizam altas quantidades de recursos naturais. Nesse contexto, a produção de hortaliças é uma atividade que se caracteriza pelo uso intensivo da terra com alta demanda por insumos e requer a adoção de estratégias de manejo com enfoque agroecológico de modo a sustentar sua produção. Dessa maneira, tendo em vista a crise ambiental na qual o planeta se insere, há a necessidade de se buscar formas sustentáveis de produção. Com o intuito de se avaliar a viabilidade de se aliar duas práticas utilizadas em sistemas de produção sustentáveis, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da consorciação de adubos verdes com alface quanto ao seu desempenho agronômico. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de alface consorciada em linha e em sistema de adição com os adubos verdes aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] e tremoço-branco (Lupinus albus L.). Os adubos verdes foram semeados em 4 épocas distintas anteriormente ao transplante da hortaliça, sendo que estas épocas foram 60, 40, 20 e 0 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados para o desempenho de alface foram peso fresco de cabeça, peso seco de cabeça, diâmetro de cabeça, altura de cabeça, número de folhas por cabeça, peso fresco de raiz, peso seco de raiz, comprimento de raiz e altura do pendão floral. Foram também avaliados peso fresco e peso seco dos adubos verdes. Concluiu-se que a alface não-consorciada exibiu desempenho superior para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. As espécies adubos verdes, bem como sua época de semeadura em relação ao estabelecimento do consórcio influenciaram de maneiras diferentes o desempenho da hortaliça. Dentre os adubos verdes, o tremoço-branco resultou em melhor desempenho da alface consorciada em comparação com o caupi. O plantio simultâneo da alface e dos adubos verdes resultou nos melhores desempenhos da hortaliça, e a semeadura dos adubos verdes com 40 dias de antecedência do transplante da alface resultou em desempenhos inferiores para a maioria dos parâmetros. / The agricultural production systems currently used are in most cases ecologically impacting and use high amounts of natural resources. Within this context, vegetable production is an activity characterized by intensive land use and high demand for farm inputs, requiring the adoption of an agroecological management approach for sustaining its production. Thus, with the environmental crisis which the planet is in, it is necessary to search for healthy agriculture methods. With the purpose of evaluating the viability of joining two sustainable agriculture practices, the present work aimed at studying the effect of intercropping green manures with lettuce in its performance. A randomized complete blocks design, with six replicates was used. Treatments consisted of lettuce intercropped in rows in additive design with the green manures black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Intercropping was established in four different green manure sowing dates (60, 40, 20 and 0) prior to lettuce transplanting. Measurements in lettuce included fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, diameter of head, length of head, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length and length of bolting plants. Measurements in green manures included fresh and dry weight. The monocropped lettuces had a better performance than the intercropped ones in most evaluated parameters. Green manure species and sowing date prior to lettuce transplant had different effects on the vegetable performance. Among the green manures, white lupin resulted in a better intercropped lettuce performance compared to cowpea. The simultaneous lettuce and green manures planting resulted in a better vegetable performance. When the green manures were sowed 40 days before lettuce transplanting the vegetable had its worst performance for most evaluated parameters.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-27T12:41:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Trindade de Carvalho.pdf: 1422295 bytes, checksum: d6603d43faf44ce0cf46c46609f9f1ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T12:41:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Trindade de Carvalho.pdf: 1422295 bytes, checksum: d6603d43faf44ce0cf46c46609f9f1ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aimed to demonstrate how the use of new social technologies in rural territories, such as the Integrated Sustainable Agroecological Program (PAIS), can provide cultural, economic, social and environmental transformations, delineating a specific regional development in a more democratic and inclusive way. For this, a bibliographical and documentary study of diverse experiences was carried out, as a methodology to analyze the process of implantation of productive units, observing the strengths and limitations of the Brazilian PAIS program as a proposal of clean production and aggregation of values, specifically evaluating selected cases of its application in Bahia. Social technologies such as PAIS have contributed to social inclusion, generation of labor and income and to the promotion of sustainable rural development mainly among family farmers, as verified in the results of the studies of the program actions presented here, which indicate that this social technology in that region, effectively contributes to the promotion of food security and sovereignty, the adoption of agroecological practices and income generation, in familiar agricultural production units / O objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar como a utilização de novas tecnologias em territórios rurais (tecnologias sociais), a exemplo do Programa Agroecológico Integrado Sustentável (PAIS), pode proporcionar transformações culturais, econômicas, sociais e ambientais, delineando um desenvolvimento territorial das regiões de forma mais democrática e inclusiva. Para isso, foi feito um estudo bibliográfico e documental de experiências diversas como metodologia para analisar o processo de implantação das unidades produtivas, observando os pontos fortes e as limitações do programa PAIS como proposta de produção limpa e agregadora de valores, avaliando especificamente casos selecionados de sua aplicação na Bahia. Tecnologias sociais como a PAIS têm contribuído para a inclusão social, a geração de trabalho e renda e a promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável principalmente entre os agricultores familiares, como verificado nos resultados dos estudos das ações do programa aqui apresentados, que indicam que esta tecnologia social naquela região, contribui efetivamente para a promoção da segurança e soberania alimentar, a adoção de práticas agroecológicas e geração de renda, em unidades de produção agrícola familiares

Dans les agroécosystèmes, l'utilisation de la biodiversité pour la régulation naturelle des arthropodes nuisibles vise à proposer une protection agroécologique des cultures, en alternative à la protection agrochimique actuelle. Notre étude a porté sur les agroécosystèmes à base de manguiers à La Réunion, avec l'objectif de comprendre les facteurs qui influencent la biodiversité et la régulation des arthropodes nuisibles. Cet agroécosystème est caractérisé par une importante diversité (797 espèces d'arthropodes et 114 espèces de plantes) et nos résultats ont révélé l'existence de contrôles ascendants et descendants positifs de cette biodiversité au sein des communautés. Nous avons également mis en évidence les services et disservices des espèces dominantes de fourmis envahissantes : deux d'entre elles fournissent un service de prédation et l'une d'elles réduit la diversité des ennemis naturels omnivores, ce qui semble expliquer la relation négative entre la diversité des omnivores et le service de prédation. Enfin, nous avons montré l'effet positif de la diversité des parasitoïdes et de la diversité des prédateurs, respectivement sur l'abondance des populations de la Cochenille des Seychelles et sur le service de prédation. Le seul effet significatif du paysage qui a été décelé est l'effet positif de la proportion des vergers de manguiers sur l'abondance du Thrips Sud-Africain des agrumes. L'ensemble de ces résultats nous permet d'identifier deux leviers pour la protection agroécologique des vergers de manguiers : l'implantation d'enherbements diversifiés dans les vergers ; la gestion collective du paysage en y limitant la proportion des vergers de manguiers. / In agroecosystems, the use of biodiversity for natural control of arthropod pests aims to propose an agroecological crop protection, as an alternative to current agrochemical protection. Our study focused on mango agroecosystems in Reunion Island, with the goal of understanding the factors that influence biodiversity and control of arthropod pests. This agroecosystem is characterized by a large diversity (797 arthropod species and 114 plant species) and our results highlight the positive bottom-up and top-down controls of biodiversity in communities. We also highlight the services provided by the dominant species of invasive ants in pest regulation. Two species provide a predation service, and one reduces the diversity of natural enemies of omnivores and appears to explain the negative relationship between omnivore diversity and predation. Finally, we highlight the positive effect of parasitoid diversity and predator diversity on, respectively, the abundance of Seychelles mealybugs and on predation in general. The only significant landscape effect measured in our work is the positive effect of the proportion of mango orchards on the abundance of South African citrus Thrips. These results allow us to identify two factors in the agroecological protection of mango orchards in Reunion: the management of diversified ground cover in orchards; and collective landscape management by limiting the proportion of mango orchards.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-29T11:46:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDNALDO DA ROCHA ARNAUD - - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1990272 bytes, checksum: b17fb5961aee7de0c8875e63fdd95bba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T11:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDNALDO DA ROCHA ARNAUD - - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1990272 bytes, checksum: b17fb5961aee7de0c8875e63fdd95bba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O uso de espécies espontâneas da caatinga representa uma opção de fertilização orgânica para os agricultores familiares que labutam na produção de hortaliças, sendo a florde-seda, espécie de grande ocorrência na região de estudo, além de ser encontrado em diversas localidades da região nordeste do país em condições edáficas diferentes. Um experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, no período de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade agroeconômica da aplicação da flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera) na cultura da beterraba em cultivo solteiro. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda (0; 0,7; 1,4; 2,1 e 2,8 kg m-2 de canteiro em base seca), com quatro períodos de incorporação (0; 14; 28 e 42 dias antes do plantio). A cultivar de beterraba plantada foi a Early Wonder. As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, rendimentos de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, produtividade comercial de raízes e produtividade de massa seca de raízes. Também foram utilizados alguns indicadores econômicos, tais como: renda bruta e custo de produção, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade, as quais foram utilizadas para verificar a viabilidade econômica. Não se observou interação entre os fatores estudados. O melhor desempenho produtivo da beterraba foi observado na quantidade 2,3 kg m-2 de canteiro de flor-de-seda incorporada ao solo, com valor médio de 2,44 kg m-2 de canteiro de beterraba, com rentabilidade de liquida de 4.040,00 R$, taxa de retorno da ordem de 2,65 R$ e índice de lucratividade de 62,3%. Em relação aos períodos de incorporação, 0 dia foi o que promoveu a maior produtividade comercial de beterraba com valor médio de 2,2 kg m-2 de canteiro de beterraba, com rentabilidade liquida de 3.500,00 R$, taxa de retorno da ordem de 2,43 R$ e índice de lucratividade de 58,9%. O cultivo da beterraba adubado com flor-de-seda constitui em uma alternativa viável para o produtor. / - The use of spontaneous species of the caatinga represents an option of organic fertilizer for farmers who labor in the production of vegetables, been the silk flower, species of large occurrence in the study area, and it is found in various locations the northeast region of the country in different soil conditions. An experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, located in Alagoinha district, a rural area of Mossoró-RN, from October 2010 to February 2011, in order to evaluate the agricultural economic viability of the application of the silk flower (Calotropis procera) in beet cultivation in monocrop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a factorial 5 x 4 with three replications. The treatments were a combination of four amounts of silk flower (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 kg m-2 site on a dry basis), with four periods of incorporation (0 , 14, 28 and 42 days before planting). The planted cultivar of beet was the Early Wonder. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, fresh weight yields and shoot dry, commercial root yield and dry matter yield of roots. They were also used some economic indicators such as gross income and cost of production, net income, rate of return and profitability index, which were used to verify the economic viability. There was no interaction between treatments. The best beet production performance was observed in the amount 2.3 kg m-2 site of silk flower incorporated into the soil, with an average value of 2.44 kg m-2 beet site, with net profitability 4040.00 £, rate of return of around £ 2.65 and 62.3% profitability index. For periods of incorporation, 0 days was what promoted the highest commercial yields of beet with a mean value of 2.2 kg m-2 beet site, with net profit of R $ 3,500.00, rate of return order 2.43 R $ and 58.9% profitability index. The cultivation of beet fertilized with silk-flower constitutes a viable alternative to the producer.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-30T13:39:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LAUVIA MOESIA MORAIS CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1077684 bytes, checksum: 06696a7eb3de446bb3f88e673777eaff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-30T13:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAUVIA MOESIA MORAIS CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1077684 bytes, checksum: 06696a7eb3de446bb3f88e673777eaff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O consórcio de plantas apresenta-se como um dos métodos mais adequados à prática da olericultura, em moldes agroecológico, com inúmeras vantagens no aspecto ambiental, produtivo e econômico. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de hortelã com coentro fertilizado com jitirana mais esterco bovino. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido no período de 11/08/2015 a 05/11/2015 sendo o segundo experimento no período de 27/11/2015 a 22/03/2016, no delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x4, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído do cultivo solteiro e consorciado da hortelã e do coentro, e o segundo fator constituído das diferentes doses da mistura de jitirana com esterco bovino (0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 kg m-2 de canteiro). Para a cultura da hortelã utilizou-se a cultivar “Mentha piperita”. Para o coentro utilizou-se a cultivar “Verdão”. As características avaliadas para a cultura da hortelã foram as seguintes: altura da biomassa, massa fresca, número de molhos, massa seca, teor e rendimento de óleo. Para a cultura do coentro foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura de planta, número de hastes planta-1, produtividade, número de molhos e massa seca. Também foram utilizados indicadores econômicos, tais como: razão de área equivalente (RAE), custo de produção, renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. A utilização de jitirana mais esterco bovino contribuiu para o aumento das características produtivas do consórcio nas duas épocas de cultivo, com número de molhos de hortelã de 17,6 e 5,8 nas doses de 3,0 e 2,2 kg m-2, respectivamente. Para a cultura do coentro, os valores foram de 16,5 e 15,3 molhos m-2 na dose de 3,0 kg m-2, respectivamente. A razão de área equivalente obtida nos dois experimentos foram de 1,72 e 1,78, respectivamente. A maior eficiência econômica do consórcio foi observada na primeira época de cultivo com a aplicação de 3,0 kg m-2 de jitirana mais esterco bovino em uma área de 100 m-2, com renda bruta de R$ 3.761,00; renda líquida de R$ 2.727,50; taxa de retorno de R$ 3,64 e índice de lucratividade de 72,52%. / The intercropping of plants comes as one of the most suitable methods for the practice of olericulture, in agroecological molds, with innumerable advantages in the environmental, productive and economic aspect. Two experiments were conducted at the Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, in the Alagoinha district, rural area of Mossoró-RN, with the goal of evaluating the agroeconomic viability of the mint intercropping with coriander fertilized with jitirana plus bovine manure. The first experiment was conducted in the period from 08/11/2015 to 05/11/2015 and the second experiment was in the period of 11/27/2015 to 03/22/2016, in a randomized complete block design with the treatments arranged in 2x4 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The first factor consisted of single and intercropping of mint and coriander, and the second factor composed of the different doses of the jitirana mixture with bovine manure (0,0, 1,0, 2,0 and 3,0 kg m-2 of bed). The cultivar "Mentha piperita" was used for the mint crop. For the coriander the cultivar "Verdão" was used. The evaluated characteristics for the mint crop were the following: biomass height, fresh mass, number of bunches, dry mass, oil content and yield. For the coriander culture the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, number of stems plant-1, productivity, number of bunches and dry mass. Economic indicators were also used, such as equivalent area ratio (RAE), cost of production, gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability index. The use of jitirana plus bovine manure contributed to the increase of the productive characteristics of the intercropping in the two growing seasons, with a number of mint bunches of 17.6 and 5.8 at 3.0 and 2.2 kg m-2, respectively. For the coriander culture, the values were 16.5 and 15.3 m-2 sauces at the dose of 3.0 kg m-2, respectively. The equivalent area ratio obtained in the two experiments was 1.72 and 1.78, respectively. The highest economic efficiency of the intercropping was observed in the first growing season with the application of 3.0 kg m- 2 of jitirana plus bovine manure in an area of 100 m-2, with a gross income of R$ 3,761.00; net income of R$ 2,727.50; rate of return of R$ 3.64 and profitability index of 72.52%.