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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / In recent years there has been a growth in literature from multiple disciplines on the potential effects of climate change and a corresponding growth in literature on potential mitigation and adaptation response strategies, including multiple means of shifting to a low-carbon future. Multiple assessment techniques have been developed to understand the potential vulnerability to, and impacts of climate change. At the same time, there is a lack of methodology to understand the potential vulnerability to, and impacts of, responses to climate change on a micro level. This research report describes the development of a reference framework to be used to monitor the vulnerability of the Cape Town International Airport to changes in carbon pricing and/or a shift to a low-carbon future. A theoretical approach was taken, which reviews existing techniques and proposes an integrated framework approach which was then applied to the case study of Cape Town International Airport. Existing literature on what is understood by a low carbon future shows that there is uncertainty about what mitigation and adaptation approaches will be adopted on various scales, and, similarly, uncertainty on what this means for a low carbon economy. Existing scenario development, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment and impact assessment methodologies were then reviewed, revealing a dearth of integrated approaches and an emphasis on the direct impacts of climate change, with a lack of attention to the impacts of responses to climate change. Finally, an overview of what are considered key driving forces in airport feasibility is provided in order to identify potential areas of vulnerability that require attention in any assessment of an airports’ vulnerability to different futures. Building on the various methodologies reviewed, and the understanding of key airport drivers, a reference framework is developed with special focus on the Cape Town International Airport and its current financial structure and planning framework. The final section of the paper discusses preliminary findings as illustrative of the approach, concluding that the framework can be applied via multidisciplinary collaboration, but that further work would be required both internally and externally in order to better manage uncertainties.

Esta pesquisa trata o Problema de Programação de Tripulantes (PPT), presente no planejamento operacional das empresas aéreas. O principal objetivo do PPT é atribuir o conjunto de tripulantes requeridos para a operação dos voos de uma malha aérea de maneira a minimizar o custo total da tripulação, levando em conta a legislação pertinente e a satisfação dos tripulantes. O PPT é normalmente dividido na literatura em dois subproblemas independentes, modelados e resolvidos sequencialmente: Problema de Determinação de Viagens (PDV) e Problema de Atribuição de Escalas (PAE). Esta decomposição não incorpora os atributos (disponibilidade, qualificação, senioridade e preferências individuais) dos tripulantes de forma global, o que não permite uma estimativa real de custo e afeta a qualidade da solução final. O estado da arte envolve a solução integrada do PPT, eliminando a necessidade de se resolver inicialmente o PDV e permitindo a obtenção de uma solução mais realista. O PPT, no entanto, é de natureza combinatória. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa propõe e explora modelos baseados em programação linear inteira e em heurísticas para a solução integrada do PPT. Essas heurísticas incorporam fundamentos da meta-heurística GRASP, da heurística de economias de Clarke e Wright e da heurística day-by-day. Os modelos foram testados com sucesso para a solução de instâncias baseadas na malha real de três empresas aéreas brasileiras. / This doctoral research treats the Crew Scheduling Problem (CSP), as part of the airlines operational planning. The CSP consists of optimally assigning the required crew members to planned flights, in such a way that it minimizes the total cost of the aircrew, taking into consideration the proper legislation and the satisfaction of the crew members. The CSP is usually divided into two independent subproblems, modeled and solved sequentially: Crew Pairing Problem (CPP) and Crew Rostering Problem (CRP). This decomposition does not incorporate all the crew members attributes (availability, qualification, seniority and individual preferences), which does not lead to a real cost estimate and affects the quality of the final solution. The state of the art involves the integrated solution of CSP, without solving the CPP at first and providing a more realistic solution. The CSP, however, has a combinatorial nature. This research proposes and explores models based on integer linear programming and on heuristics to solve the CSP in an integrated way. These heuristics incorporate GRASP metaheuristic, Clarke and Wright savings heuristic and day-by-day heuristic. The models were successfully tested to solve instances related to the networks of three Brazilian airlines.

<div>Airlines are legally required to provide adequate service to passengers with disabilities; this research examines the quality of service provided based on the analysis of airline complaint data and the results of a survey of passengers with disabilities. The provision of adequate service to airline passengers is challenging since passenger counts continue to rise and passengers are increasingly diverse. Airline passengers with disabilities are protected by federal legislation under the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA), 49 U.S. Code § 41705, which prohibits discriminatory treatment of people with disabilities in air transportation. Regulations outlined in 14 CFR Part 382, Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel, require that airlines and airports are accessible, and require that airline, airport and contract personnel provide appropriate accommodations and services to people with disabilities.</div><div><br></div><div>To track operational efficiency and compliance with the ACAA, the Department of Transportation collects data on airline performance. Data are published in monthly and annual reports. One component of these reports is complaint data. Complaints are an important metric because they identify deficiencies in service.</div><div><br></div><div>Individual complaints are forwarded to airport and airline service providers for investigation; however, complaint data do not appear to be used to systematically assess the adequacy of service, as evidenced by a disproportionately high and rising number of disability complaints.</div><div><br></div><div>The objective of this research is to investigate the provision of air service for passengers with disabilities. This investigation includes identification of the regulations that affect commercial air travel for passengers with disabilities, an examination of disability-related complaints, specifically the number and rate of these complaints compared to complaints for all travelers, and an assessment of service based on a survey of passengers with disabilities.</div><div><br></div>

Au cours des dernieres decennies, la demande de trafic au niveau des aeroports a augmente regulierement a tel point que le trafic au sol est devenu critique pour la securite et l'efficacite des operations aeroportuaires. Cette these propose une approche a deux niveaux pour l'analyse et l'optimisation du trafic avion au sol sur les aeroports. Elle est divisee en trois parties: - La premiere partie introduit la problematique generale et son environnement - La deuxieme partie traite la gestion a moyen terme du trafic au sol des avions. Une approche globale pour estimer la capacite theorique et la capacite pratique du trafic avion est proposee. Celle-ci met en Suvre une approche d'optimisation du flux dans un reseau qui conduit a la formulation de differents problemes de programmation mathematique - La troisieme partie traite du niveau tactique et une approche adaptative est developpee pour definir les routes et les horaires associes aux mouvement d'arrivee ou de depart des avions. Une approche de resolution operationnelle est alors proposee.

The successful elimination of the Y2K vulnerability from the information technology (IT) systems of a large, complex critical sector organization provided a model to study how organizations contend with problems affecting the security of electronically stored and transmitted information, and how context influences their solutions. This dissertation proposed that the institutionalized environments of sub-unit business areas influenced compliance solutions during the Year 2000 Program process at Delta Air Lines, Inc. The investigation applied rival organization theories. A comparative case study method was employed to explain the Y2K compliance solutions of four business areas as embedded sub-cases. Data for the study were the Delta Year 2000 Program archive, and personal interviews with individuals related to the Delta Year 2000 Program. Data analysis revealed characteristics of both the institutional and the rational-contingency models. Case results showed that: * A positive relationship among entities in the sectoral environment benefited the air transportation field in addressing the Y2K problem. In this cooperative setting, addressing common issues in one place helped a vast network of related organizations. Recognizing that all were stakeholders made it work. * Business area decisions were influenced by the institutionalized environments of their respective fields. * The Year 2000 Program team lacked awareness that the Y2K bug was an information security issue. * In the process of eliminating the Y2K bug from the Delta systems, new vulnerabilities were introduced. While tradeoffs are always required among security, functionality, and efficiency within the IT structures and systems of the present time, this negative effect might have been anticipated; but it was not. * The success of this complex, short-term project at Delta underscored the importance of leadership, understanding of IT, vision, motivation, IT skills, understanding of assets, and appropriate strategy. The Delta case study contributes to the fields of information security and organization studies. Results have implications for policymaking and for future research in the field of information security.

In the process of globalization, air transportation plays an important role for the development of regional and national economy. There has been considerably increasing demand for air transportation and will continue in the foreseeable future. In this respect this research demonstrates a case study of Sabiha G&ouml / k&ccedil / en International Airport, the second and recently built airport of istanbul, and its relation with the region. The main aim of this study is to understand the initial transportation benefits of the Sabiha G&ouml / k&ccedil / en International Airport investment.The objectives of the research are to understand the contribution of Sabiha G&ouml / k&ccedil / en International Airport to istanbul and particularly the Anatolian side, in terms of air travel mobility as well as savings in cost and time, to identify the current and potential role of Sabiha G&ouml / k&ccedil / en International Airport in the multi-airport system of istanbul and to assess the usage of the airport by analyzing the current customer profile in order to understand the spatial aspects of the current demand.

This thesis is focused on airport departure operations; its objective is to assign a value to surface surveillance information within a collaborative framework. The research develops a cooperative concept that improves the control of departure operations at busy airports and evaluates its merit using a classical and widely accepted airport departure model. The research then assumes departure operations are collaboratively controlled and develops a stochastic model of taxi operations on the airport surface. Finally, this study investigates the effect of feeding back different levels of surface surveillance information to the departure control process. More specifically, it examines the environmental and operational impact of aircraft surface location information on the taxi clearance process. Benefits are evaluated by measuring and comparing engine emissions for given runway utilization rates.

Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait. / Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait.

The topic of the diploma written assignment is "Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic" and it was chosen for elaboration of the wholesome view on the road, train, ship and plane transportation of the hazardous materials and mixtures. These transportations represent a possible risk of damage to life, health, property or environment for the society. Hazardous materials and mixtures nowadays are being transported in large measures and there is an assumption in the future that the volume of the transported hazardous materials and mixtures will increase. For elaboration of this written assignment three hypothesis were given: a) Legal regulations of the European Union and the Czech Republic solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough. b) The public has enough information about the transportation of the hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. c) People that work in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials or mixtures are well informed about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. For determining whether the legal regulations solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough the literary sources which deal with this issue, legal regulations of the Czech Republic and the European Union and other international agreements were used. After working through these sources it was found out that the international, the EU and Czech legal regulations or agreements solve this issue well enough and emphasis is given on convergence of legal regulations of all transportations. Implementation of international agreements and legal regulations of the European Union into the legal regulations of the Czech Republic happens in the present time very fast and without failures. For figuring out the awareness of the public and awareness of the people working in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures for the diploma written assignment on the topic of "The Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Mixtures on the Territory of the Czech Republic" there was a quantitative research made. The quantitative research was made with the help of handed out questionnaires. The public was represented by the employees of the Regional Municipalities of the Czech Republic. Both of the groups were given the same questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire research were evaluated, expressed in percentage and statistically assessed. For the statistical assessment the double selection T-test was used to find out whether the difference between the assessed groups is statistically important. People working in the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures have sufficient information which was confirmed by the questionnaire research. By the made statistical assessment it was found out that the difference between the groups is statistically significant and so the public does not have sufficient information related to the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures. Due to the results of the questionnaire research and mainly that the hypothesis b) - The public has enough information about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures was not confirmed. In the conclusion of the written assignment there are a couple of suggestions for improvement of the awareness of the public. For example as a part of education at primary and high schools and training schools where this education is already running as a part of The Protection of Human during Incidents. This education has been going on since 2003. And that is why the older people in the public are not well met with this issue and they should be introduced to it by for example a media campaign by means of short TV spots on public television channels or by means of spots that already the Independent BESIP Department of the Ministry of Transportation makes up. These spots are called Besipky.