I’m setting out to find beauty in the universal and common. In the used and unwanted. Giving primary value to these components, materials and techniques that are perhaps not usually considered primary or wanted in an interior context. To challenge our conception of what a beautiful piece of furniture can be. This exercise will be presented as nine chairs. Each chair has its own story, about the site and the material. We do not know what the materials of tomorrow will be. But by looking back at our predecessors we can learn a lot. They were not hindered by scarcities, they used what they had and, in my opinion, created beautiful objects that was durable enough to still be around today. Moving forward we will have to be open, and not afraid of change. It is inevitable, let’s embrace the circumstances as they come and make the best out of it then. Beauty will not be lost because we might need to use other materials. Looking back at these pre-industrial pieces, inspired by this ingenuity and creativity comes a new strain of evolution, or perhaps rather mutation. Artifacts that evoke reflection upon preferences, conventional production, the value of objects and beauty.

This bachelor thesis in Architecture, Visualization, and Communication is based on the assumption that modern cities will increasingly introduce car-free zones in the city center. Consequently, several parking garages may end up empty. The research question formulated from this problem was as follows: How will the evolution of multi-storey carparks look like and what is their role in the society of the future? What is the adaptive potential of multi-storey carparks? And what new functions can be established in multi-storey carparks today? To answer these research questions, a design-oriented research was conducted using case studies, design-oriented discussion material, and feedback interviews. The case studies examined parking garages today, primarily in Malmö, but also in Portugal and Denmark. Based on three scenarios for future urban development, three design-oriented discussion materials were created. The testbed for the design-oriented discussion material was executed on an existing car park, Öresund multi-storey car park, and its specific issues. Discussion material materialized from theories surrounding flexible and adaptive architecture. The materials were discussed with a selection of experts from various backgrounds within the built environment in the form of what was defined as discussion meetings. Since the experts in question are accustomed to reading drawings and technical information, they could question and make informed guesses based on the information. The conclusions from the discussion meetings and case studies resulted in a final and reality-based design proposal for an alternative use of the Öresund multi-storey car park. The design process was integrated with the research method to generate insights and solutions that ultimately addressed the research questions. / Detta kandidatarbete inom programmet Arkitektur, Visualisering och Kommunikation utgår från antagandet att moderna städer i allt större utsträckning kommer att införa bilfria innerstadszoner. Som följd kan därmed flera parkeringshus stå tomma. Frågeställningen som formulerades utifrån detta problem var följande; Hur kommer parkeringshusens evolution se ut och vad kan deras roll omvandlas till i framtidens samhälle? Vad är den adaptiva potentialen hos parkeringshus? Och Vilka funktioner kan redan idag etablera sig i parkeringshus? För att besvara dessa forskningsfrågor genomfördes en designinriktad studie som använde fallstudier, designorienterat diskussionsunderlag och återkopplande intervjuer.  Fallstudierna tittade på parkeringshus idag, främst i Malmö, men också i Portugal och Danmark. Med utgångspunkt i tre scenarier för framtida stadsutveckling, skapades tre designorienterade diskussionsunderlag. Testbädden för det designorienterade diskussionsunderlaget utgick från ett befintligt parkeringshus, Öresunds parkeringshus, och dess specifika problem. Diskussionsunderlag materialiserade ur teorier kring flexibel och adaptiv arkitektur. Underlaget diskuterades med ett urval experter från olika bakgrunder inom byggd miljö i form av något som definierades som diskussionsmöten. Eftersom experterna i fråga har en stor vana av att läsa ritningar och teknisk information, kunde de på basis av informationen ifrågasätta och ställa kvalificerade gissningar. Slutsatserna från diskussionsmötena och fallstudierna resulterade i ett slutgiltigt och verklighetsförankrat gestaltningsförslag för en alternativ användning av Öresunds parkeringhus. Designprocessen integrerades med forskningsmetoden för att generera insikter och lösningar som slutligen svarade på forskningsfrågorna.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No-tillage was only possible with the development of machines to work on specific seeding soils with straw on the surface, equipped with a plow blade and to facilitate the deposition of seed in the soil depths in uniform and with reduced tillage in furrow, in conditions conducive to germination / seedling emergence and root growth good for the crop. However, with the expansion of no-tillage and increasing crop areas, some of subterranean insects that spend at least one phase of its life cycle within the soil as larvae and Sternechus subsignatus and Diloboderus abderus passed the condition of plague, mainly due to the untilled soil. Another important aspect is the low efficiency of insecticides applied as seed treatment, caused these soil pests to increase in number each year in agriculture. On this basis, the general objective of this study was: (1) evaluate the performance (tensile strength, fuel consumption and slippage of the drive wheels of the tractor) to pull a planter adapted for application of liquid insecticides and lump in the groove sowing and, (2) compare three alternatives for the application of insecticides (seed treatment (ST), application of granular insecticides at sowing (GR) and application of liquid insecticides at sowing (LS) for the control of the main soil insect pests of soybean, wheat and rice led to tillage. Carbofuran had a phytotoxic effect of the seed and soybean seedlings, regardless of the position of application of carbofuran in the furrow, however, the closer the seed greater its phytotoxic effect. The demand of the traction force increases with increasing velocity of the tractor-planter. There was an increase of 12.31% in demand for heavy load, when the forward speed increased from 5.0 to 7.0 km.h-1. The average traction force applied by the seed line was 1.35 kN. Fuel consumption has not increased with increasing velocity of the tractor-planter. When we increased the forward speed of 5.0 to 7.0 km.h-1 produced a reduction in fuel consumption per hectare in the order of 29.3%. The slip of the drive wheels of the tractor was larger, the deeper the performance of furrow fertilizer. Among the three alternatives for the application of insecticides (TS, LS and GR), had no control efficiencies greater than 80% over Diloboderus abderus in wheat. In rice control and the three alternatives Oryzophagus oryzae control (TS, LS and GR) were effective. / O plantio direto somente foi possível com o desenvolvimento de máquinas semeadoras específicas para trabalho em solos com palha na superfície, equipadas com disco de corte e sulcador que facilitam a deposição da semente no solo em profundidades uniforme e com reduzido revolvimento no sulco de semeadura, em condições que favoreçam a germinação/emergência das plântulas e bom crescimento radicular para a cultura. Entretanto, com a expansão do sistema de plantio direto e do aumento das áreas de cultivo, alguns insetos de hábito subterrâneo, que passam pelo menos uma fase do seu ciclo de vida no interior do solo, como as larvas de Sternechus subsignatus e Diloboderus abderus passaram a condição de praga, devido principalmente ao não revolvimento do solo. Outro aspecto importante é a baixa eficiência dos inseticidas aplicados via tratamento de sementes, fez com que essas pragas de solo aumentassem em número a cada ano agrícola. Com base nisso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi: (1) avaliar o desempenho (força de tração; consumo de combustível e patinagem das rodas motrizes do trator) para tracionar uma semeadora-adubadora adaptada para aplicação de inseticidas líquidos e granulados no sulco de semeadura e; (2) comparar três alternativas de aplicação de inseticidas (tratamento de sementes (TS); aplicação de inseticidas granulados no sulco de semeadura (GR) e aplicação de inseticidas líquidos no sulco de semeadura (LS), para o controle dos principais insetos-praga de solo das culturas da soja, trigo e arroz irrigado conduzido em sistema plantio direto. Carbofurano apresentou efeito fitotóxico as semente e plântulas de soja, independente da posição de aplicação de carbofurano no sulco de semeadura, entretanto, quanto mais próximo da semente maior é seu efeito fitotóxico. A demanda de força de tração aumenta com o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto trator-semeadora. Houve um incremento de 12,31 % na demanda de força de tração, quando a velocidade de deslocamento passou de 5,0 para 7,0 km.h-1. A força de tração média requerida por linha de semeadura foi de 1,35 kN. O consumo de combustível não aumentou com o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto tratorsemeadora. Quando se aumentou a velocidade de deslocamento de 5,0 para 7,0 km.h-1 houve uma redução no consumo de combustível por hectare na ordem de 29,3%. A patinagem das rodas motrizes do trator foi maior, quanto mais profundo de atuação do sulcador de adubo. Dentre as três alternativas de aplicação de inseticidas (TS, GR e LS), nenhuma apresentou eficiência de controle superior a 80% sobre Diloboderus abderus em trigo. Em arroz irrigado o controle e Oryzophagus oryzae nas três alternativas de controle (TS, GR e LS) apresentaram-se eficientes.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-29T17:09:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1613228 bytes, checksum: 413a904d28e67ca0f9efc4509d9e4bcc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1613228 bytes, checksum: 413a904d28e67ca0f9efc4509d9e4bcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dialectic rationality is applied to the field of human knowledge where there is no absolute essential, which law is one of the expressions. Legal norms are therefore, endoxa, good consensus shared in a given society without truth qualifying. This makes the validity of judicial decisions to be connected to the use of legal norms, not to an unquestionable foundation presented as reason. The use of such non- absolute premises was described by Aristotle through the dialectical and rhetorical (enthymeme) syllogisms. Based on this theory, Perelman developed the auditorium idea (universal and particular) and the use of particular arguments in speech. For this author, the speaker is able to search the accession of listeners (audience) and for this makes use of the premises already accepted by them, which guarantees validity. The judge makes the same process in judicial decisions, he decides and only then he searches at the legal order for sufficient elements to justify his decision before other citizens. This perspective is associated to the context of discovery and to the context of justification studied by Atienza. On the formation of the judicial decision, Cardozo points to the existence of subconscious elements, ie, the influence of non-legal factors in this process. In relation to the justification for the decision taken, Vihweg points to the topic-problematic reasoning, and Esser refers to the use of pragmatic legal principles. What judges do, in this way, is to use the legal norms to justify decisions, even if other factors were predominant for the choice made. In Brazil, a panel of judges at the beginning of the 1990s, known as the Alternative Law Movement, said to make use of law in an ideologically motivated way. Amilton Bueno de Carvalho divided into three forms this alternative practice: combative positivity; alternative use of the law; and alternative right in the strict sense. There is a connection between legal alternativism and topic - problematic use of legal norms, Analyzing some decisions of the movement this argument founds its foundation, for what these judges did, to justify decisions, it was to address the right in a pragmatic way. From this perspective, social reality prevails at the time of preparation of the judicial decision, but legal norms are the basis of the justification provided. / A racionalidade dialética é aplicada ao campo do conhecimento humano onde não há fundamentos absolutos, do qual o direito é uma das expressões. As normas jurídicas são, portanto, éndoxa, boas opiniões compartilhadas em uma dada sociedade, sem qualificativo de verdade. Isto faz com que a validade das decisões judiciais esteja ligada à forma de utilização das normas jurídicas, não a um fundamento inquestionável apresentado como razão. O uso de tais premissas não absolutas foi descrito por Aristóteles por meio dos silogismos dialéticos e retóricos (entimema). Com base nesta teoria, Perelman desenvolveu a ideia de auditório (universal e particular) e o uso de argumentos particulares no discurso. Para este autor, o que o orador busca é conseguir a adesão dos ouvintes (auditório) e para isto utiliza-se das premissas já aceitas por estes, o que lhe garante validade. No direito, o magistrado faz o mesmo processo, decide e depois busca no ordenamento jurídico os elementos suficientes para justificar sua decisão perante os demais cidadãos. Esta perspectiva está ligada ao contexto da descoberta e ao contexto da justificação, tratados por Atienza. Sobre a formação da decisão judicial, Cardozo aponta para a existência de elementos subconscientes, ou seja, influência de fatores não jurídicos neste processo. Em relação à justificação da decisão tomada, Viehweg aponta para o raciocínio tópico-problemático, e Esser refere-se ao uso de princípios (jurídicos) pragmatistas. O que os magistrados fazem, desta forma, é utilizar as normas jurídicas para justificar as decisões tomadas, mesmo que outros fatores tenham sido preponderantes para a escolha feita. No Brasil, um grupo de juízes, no começo da década de 1990, conhecidos como Movimento do Direito Alternativo, afirmou fazer uso das normas jurídicas de forma ideologicamente direcionada. Amilton Bueno de Carvalho divide em três as formas desta atuação alternativista: positividade combativa; uso alternativo do direito; e direito alternativo em sentido estrito. Há uma aproximação entre o alternativismo jurídico e uso tópico-problemático das normas jurídicas. Analisando algumas decisões do movimento esta tese encontra fundamento, pois o que estes magistrados fizeram, ao justificar as decisões tomadas, foi abordar o direito de forma pragmatista. Nesta perspectiva, a realidade social tem primazia na hora de elaboração da decisão judicial, mas as normas jurídicas são as bases da justificação apresentada.

The aim of the work is regeneration and reclamation of the main formal places and points in the Polna town, on the level of the town (part of the town), the castle complex and the main court. Using the town acupuncture method and focusing on the main and the most important parts, I created the system of segments (plateaus), which like the separate elements create the appearance of the town as a whole. In my diploma thesis I focused on segment of castle complex. Using the gradual regeneration of the main formally important places and points, I created its overall “ideal” condition. The result of my work is the design of alternative use of castle complex and castle court elements.

This design project delves into the realm of public spaces, considering sociocultural, sociopolitical, and participatory design aspects, catalyzed by the Covid-19 pandemic's lockdowns. By repurposing a parking lot, the project endeavors to scrutinize, trial, and understand the reactions and needs through a design interaction and multifunctional furniture set, the simple story of Prototype.