Thèse (LL.D)--Université Laval, 2009. / Présenté en co-tutelle: Faculté de droit, Université Laval, Québec et Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris, France. Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Dept. of Political Science, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis investigates the Medicean ability to present divergent messages to different audiences through the manipulation of art and architecture of the Palazzo Medici. I examine several works of art commissioned and authored by the Medici. First, Donatello’s bronze David, located in the Medici Courtyard, is interpreted through the traditional Christian perspective as seen by the vicini, making the Medici appear pious, reverent, and religiously devout. This work is also interpreted from the amici point of view using ancient and contemporary authors to trace the development of ideas amongst the circle of Classically educated friends of the Medici. Second, Donatello’s bronze Judith and Holofernes, located in the adjacent Medici Garden, is examined in the same way to highlight the divergent message of humility juxtaposed with pride. This exercise shows the Medici had the ability to use one piece of art to set the stage for several different messages. Each type of visitor would view the same piece of art and come away with a different message specifically tailored to them, which allowed the family to increase support for their political faction and maintain their status as de facto rulers of Florence. The Medici family’s success is undisputed amongst scholars, but Cosimo’s use of the Augustan model and his use of the palace as propaganda is a subject that has been left scarcely examined. Much research has been conducted on the exterior due to what is extant, but how those in the Medici faction viewed it is non-existent. This work builds upon F.W. Kent’s position that Renaissance palace were built with several groups in mind. Through this examination of the Medici’s use of polyvalent messaging, a new understanding of the Medici emerges, which shows they were masters of propaganda and can explain why the Palazzo Medici became the model for palaces through Florence, the Italian Peninsula, and eventually greater Europe.

L'amicus curiae est un mécanisme procédural par lequel un tribunal invite ou autorise une personne ou une entité à participer à une instance existante entre des parties afin qu'elle lui fournisse des infonnations susceptibles d'éclairer son raisonnement. Naguère requis par le juge et principalement le juge de common law de manière exceptionnelle, il a subi une transformation quantitative et qualitative. L'amicus curiae intervient désormais spontanément et de manière systématique dans des instances présentant des enjeux juridiques et sociaux importants. La transformation du mécanisme, corrélative à l'évolution de la fonction du contentieux dans l'ordonnancement normatif, n'altère pas son fondement juridique qui réside dans la maîtrise du juge sur le bon déroulement de la procédure. Parallèlement à son développement dans les pratiques judiciaires internes, l'amicus curiae s'internationalise sous l'impulsion des groupements d'intérêts, principalement des organisations non gouvernementales américaines et canadiennes. Compte tenu des enjeux auxquels sont confrontés les mécanismes internationaux de règlement des différends, l'internationalisation de l'amicus curiae est opportune à condition que ce mode de participation au service de la procédure ne se transforme pas en droit au profit des tiers. Semblable transgression des fondements du mécanisme conduirait à une instrumentalisation de la procédure au détriment des parties. Les efforts d'encadrement entrepris par les organes de règlement des différends, les organisations et les conventions internationales ne l'excluant pas expressément, les craintes que les représentants autoproclamés de la société civile ne s'imposent comme de nouveaux acteurs de la procédure sont fondées. Seule la proposition de lignes directrices relatives à l'admission et à la participation d'amici curiae écarte ce risque tout en tenant compte des revendications des acteurs de la société civile d'être associés à l'élaboration de décisions qui les concernent. Les règles proposées s'efforcent de donner les moyens aux tribunaux de trancher les litiges et de dire le droit dans des affaires mettant en cause des intérêts plus généraux que ceux des parties sans que les tiers ne puissent imposer leur présence dans les prétoires.

Using a structural topic model text analysis approach in a mixed methods framework, these studies seek to better understand the language, rhetoric, and rationales amici curiae employ to defend or deride affirmative action in cases before the Supreme Court. Through a better understanding of the content and framing of these briefs, the next time an affirmative action case is before the court a larger, more articulate, and more united network of advocates from the higher education sector and beyond will be better position to have their voices heard.

Orientador: José Duarte Neto / Banca: Daniel Damasio Borges / Banca: Roger Stiefelmann Leal / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a atuação do amicus curiae no âmbito do controle concentrado de constitucionalidade e, mais particularmente, nas arguições de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (ADPFs) cujo mérito foi julgado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) até julho de 2017. Inspirado em estudos empíricos que se debruçaram sobre o amicus curiae no direito norte-americano, especialmente no âmbito da Suprema Corte, são examinadas onze ADPFs, levantando-se os argumentos trazidos pelos principais atores do processo, aí inclusos os amici curiae, e verificando como esses argumentos reverberaram nas decisões da Corte. A dissertação está organizada em três capítulos. Os dois primeiros são de caráter propedêutico, ao passo que o terceiro encerra o centro da investigação. Naqueles, examinam-se, respectivamente, os traços principais da ADPF e do amicus curiae. Neste, procede-se ao exame detalhado das onze ADPFs selecionadas. As principais conclusões do estudo são as seguintes: os amici curiae apresentam argumentos novos no processo, embora invariavelmente também retomem argumentos já expressos por outros atores do processo; os argumentos dos amici são levados em consideração nas decisões dos ministros, embora de modo irregular e, por isso, imprevisível; não há correlação entre o desfecho majoritariamente defendido pelos amici em um dado processo e a decisão do STF, de modo que a chamada "teoria do barômetro" não é apta a explicar o impacto dos amici no processo decisório no universo aqu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work investigates the participation of the amicus curiae in the Brazilian system of abstract judicial review, more particularly in the so-called arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (literally, Claim of Non-Compliance with a Fundamental Precept, an action aimed at countering the violation of a fundamental constitutional norm, hereafter ADPF). The scope of the investigation is all the ADPFs having been decided with prejudice until July 2017, which amounts to eleven cases. The major source of inspiration for this work was a set of US empirical studies devoted to the amicus curiae, especially in the context of Supreme Court cases. The arguments raised by the different participants of the trial are listed and confronted with the votes of the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, STF) ministers. The dissertation is divided in three chapters. The first two are introductory, examining the key features of the ADPF and of the amicus curiae in Brazilian law, whereas the third comprises the empirical examination of the ADPFs. The main results of the study are: the amici curiae have presented many new arguments in the context of each case, although they never fail to repeat arguments already voiced by other participants; the arguments of the amici are taken in consideration in the votes, but in an irregular and therefore unpredictable way; there is no correlation between the outcome expected by the amici in a case and the Court's decision, which renders the so-called "Barometer Theory" unable to explain the impact of the amici on the decision process, at least within the set of decisions examined in this investigation / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000830727.pdf: 1044852 bytes, checksum: f3ff5b97fa640f0a490bad41d3dde30d (MD5) / Discute-se a possibilidade de aprimorar a legitimidade democrática do Supremo Tribunal Federal, com o fito de tornar mais bem compatibilizado o seu Ativismo Judicial com as premissas do Estado Democrático de Direito. Isto porque se observa que o fenômeno do Ativismo, não obstante as suas críticas, ocorre nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas, de modo que se mostra necessária uma discussão que busque meios de se legitimar democraticamente o exercício jurisdicional de caráter proativo. Para tanto, apresentar-se-ão formas de adensar a legitimidade do Supremo Tribunal Federal, sobre a perspectiva da legitimidade objetiva e de exercício. Quanto à legitimidade objetiva, entende-se que a concretização de Direitos Fundamentais é instrumento de seu aprimoramento; assim, o Ativismo Judicial justificar-se-á quanto mais estiver comprometido com a efetivação desses direitos. Já no que toca a legitimidade de exercício, sua democratização dar-se-á através da inserção de atores sociais interessados no processo decisório. Por essa razão, analisa-se o mecanismo de participação amicus curiae e sua efetiva capacidade de pluralizar o debate, averiguando em que medida o uso desse instrumento nos moldes como é feito atualmente o torna apto a influir na dinâmica do processo decisório. Portanto, sob esses dois aspectos de densificação - da legitimidade objetiva e de exercício - acredita-se que se manteria o Supremo Tribunal Federal enquanto importante arena para a concretização de direitos fundamentais, todavia, melhor conformado com o princípio democrático / We discuss the possibility of improving the democratic legitimacy of the Supreme Court, aiming to better settle its Judicial Activism with the premises of the Democratic State of Law. It is observed that the phenomenon of Activism, despite of the critics, occurs in contemporary western societies, so that a discussion that pursues means to democratically legitimize the exercise of judicial proactive is demanded. For this, we will present manners to densify the legitimacy of the Supreme Court, on the prospect of objective legitimacy and exercise. Regarding the objective legitimacy, it is understood that the realization of Fundamental Rights is an instrument of its improvement; thus, the Judicial Activism the more it is committed to the realization of these rights the more it is justified. Regarding the legitimacy of the exercise, its democratization will occur through the inclusion of social parties interested in decision making. For this reason, we analyze the mechanism of amicus curiae participation and its actual ability to pluralize the debate, examining to what extent the use of such instruments in the manner as it is currently done makes it able to influence the dynamics of the decision-making process. Therefore, under these two aspects of densification - the objective legitimacy and exercise - it is believed that the Supreme Court would remain as an important arena for the realization of fundamental rights, however, best conformed to the democratic principle

Orientador: José Duarte Neto / Banca: Daniel Damasio Borges / Banca: Thiago Massao Cortizo Teraoka / Resumo: Discute-se a possibilidade de aprimorar a legitimidade democrática do Supremo Tribunal Federal, com o fito de tornar mais bem compatibilizado o seu Ativismo Judicial com as premissas do Estado Democrático de Direito. Isto porque se observa que o fenômeno do Ativismo, não obstante as suas críticas, ocorre nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas, de modo que se mostra necessária uma discussão que busque meios de se legitimar democraticamente o exercício jurisdicional de caráter proativo. Para tanto, apresentar-se-ão formas de adensar a legitimidade do Supremo Tribunal Federal, sobre a perspectiva da legitimidade objetiva e de exercício. Quanto à legitimidade objetiva, entende-se que a concretização de Direitos Fundamentais é instrumento de seu aprimoramento; assim, o Ativismo Judicial justificar-se-á quanto mais estiver comprometido com a efetivação desses direitos. Já no que toca a legitimidade de exercício, sua democratização dar-se-á através da inserção de atores sociais interessados no processo decisório. Por essa razão, analisa-se o mecanismo de participação amicus curiae e sua efetiva capacidade de pluralizar o debate, averiguando em que medida o uso desse instrumento nos moldes como é feito atualmente o torna apto a influir na dinâmica do processo decisório. Portanto, sob esses dois aspectos de densificação - da legitimidade objetiva e de exercício - acredita-se que se manteria o Supremo Tribunal Federal enquanto importante arena para a concretização de direitos fundamentais, todavia, melhor conformado com o princípio democrático / Abstract: We discuss the possibility of improving the democratic legitimacy of the Supreme Court, aiming to better settle its Judicial Activism with the premises of the Democratic State of Law. It is observed that the phenomenon of Activism, despite of the critics, occurs in contemporary western societies, so that a discussion that pursues means to democratically legitimize the exercise of judicial proactive is demanded. For this, we will present manners to densify the legitimacy of the Supreme Court, on the prospect of objective legitimacy and exercise. Regarding the objective legitimacy, it is understood that the realization of Fundamental Rights is an instrument of its improvement; thus, the Judicial Activism the more it is committed to the realization of these rights the more it is justified. Regarding the legitimacy of the exercise, its democratization will occur through the inclusion of social parties interested in decision making. For this reason, we analyze the mechanism of amicus curiae participation and its actual ability to pluralize the debate, examining to what extent the use of such instruments in the manner as it is currently done makes it able to influence the dynamics of the decision-making process. Therefore, under these two aspects of densification - the objective legitimacy and exercise - it is believed that the Supreme Court would remain as an important arena for the realization of fundamental rights, however, best conformed to the democratic principle / Mestre

Why do interest groups participate in state courts of last resort by filing amicus curiae briefs? Are they influential when they do? This dissertation examines these questions using an original survey of organized interests that routinely participate in state supreme courts, as well as data on all amicus curiae briefs and majority opinions in over 14,000 cases decided in all fifty-two state supreme courts for a four year period. I argue that interest groups turn to state judiciaries to achieve the dual goals of influencing policy and organizational maintenance, as amicus briefs can help organized interests achieve both outcomes. Furthermore, I contend that amicus briefs are influential in shaping judicial policy-making through the provision of legally persuasive arguments. The results suggest that interest groups do file amicus briefs to both lobby for their preferred policies and to support their organization's long-term viability. Additionally, the results indicate that organized interests also participate in counteractive lobbying in state courts of last resort by filing amicus briefs to ensure their side is represented and to dull the effect of oppositional amici. The findings also demonstrate support for the influence of amicus briefs on judicial policy-making on state high courts, as amicus briefs can influence the ideological direction of the court's majority opinions. Overall, this research extends our understanding of interest group lobbing in the judiciary and in state policy venues, and provides insight into judicial politics and policy-making on state courts of last resort.

Submitted by Ana Côrtes (ana.cortes@gvmail.br) on 2018-05-16T22:26:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VC Em busca de diálogo e reconhecimento no STF - Ana de Mello Côrtes.pdf: 1099102 bytes, checksum: 3c71780f7aba8c919be63f10f5520fea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-05-16T22:33:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VC Em busca de diálogo e reconhecimento no STF - Ana de Mello Côrtes.pdf: 1099102 bytes, checksum: 3c71780f7aba8c919be63f10f5520fea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-17T14:31:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VC Em busca de diálogo e reconhecimento no STF - Ana de Mello Côrtes.pdf: 1099102 bytes, checksum: 3c71780f7aba8c919be63f10f5520fea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T14:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VC Em busca de diálogo e reconhecimento no STF - Ana de Mello Côrtes.pdf: 1099102 bytes, checksum: 3c71780f7aba8c919be63f10f5520fea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / Tendo em vista a relevância das questões levadas ao STF relacionadas à alteração do registro civil para pessoas trans (ADI 4.275 e RE 670.244) e ao uso do banheiro de acordo com a identidade de gênero dessas pessoas (845.779) e o papel de democratização usualmente atribuído ao instituto amicus curiae, esta dissertação se propõe a fazer um exame dos agentes que participaram do processo constitucional como amici curiae nesses casos e de sua atuação, a fim de verificar os avanços dessa possibilidade de atuação da perspectiva dos atuantes bem como as limitações e dificuldades enfrentadas. Em uma apresentação dos casos e do contexto, são recuperadas teorias sobre mobilização do direito que embasam o trabalho e é exposto o histórico do movimento trans no Brasil assim como sua relação com o direito até chegar nos casos abordados. Trata-se de casos nos quais todas as tentativas de ingresso como amicus curiae foram feitas por parte de organizações que se colocaram em defesa dos direitos de pessoas trans estudados em um momento em que ainda não haviam sido julgados, mas em que já haviam sido colocados em pauta (de forma que não seriam aceitos novos amici curiae). Com um olhar em geral afastado da corte e do resultado e focado nas organizações de movimentos sociais e sua atuação, como fruto da pesquisa considerando todas as manifestações escritas e orais das entidades nos casos em pauta assim como entrevistas realizadas com a maior parte das organizações atuantes, as unidades de análise apresentam em categorias uma descrição do trabalho das entidades acompanhada da análise dos principais desafios e problemas enfrentados, relacionados especialmente a legitimidade para atuação, requisitos de ingresso exigidos para amici curiae e falta de financiamento para litigância estratégica em defesa de pessoas trans. São destacadas e colocadas em pauta especialmente a seletividade do STF e, buscando superá-la, a interação e as escolhas das entidades atuantes nesses casos específicos, que objetivando conquistas além do resultado no caso concreto se articulam para vencer desafios e superar limitações de acesso e admissibilidade. Levando à conclusão de que embora a participação como amici curiae represente um papel importante na democratização da jurisdição constitucional, há algumas questões, como a exigência de representação por profissional habilitado pela OAB, cuja revisão poderia significar que o papel atribuído de democratização fosse cumprido de forma mais efetiva. / Considering the importance of issues taken to Supreme Federal Court concerning transgender civil registry change and use restrooms according to gender identity and also the democratization role usually assigned to the amicus curiae institute, this dissertation proposes to exam the agents that took part in the constitutional process and their performance aiming to verify the benefits of this possibility of participation in the perspective of the actors as well as limitations and troubles faced. The cases and the context are presented by introducing theories about legal mobilization that base the work and exposing the history of the transgender movement in Brazil and its relation to law getting to the studied cases. In this cases all the entities that tried to engage in the processes were pro transgender rights and they were studied when there wasn’t a decision yet but new amici curiae would no longer be admitted. Looking beyond courts and decisions and focusing more broadly on social movement organizations and their performance, as the product of the research considering all the ways of participation in the processes in addition to interviews with the majority of the organizations, this dissertation presents a description of the organizations’ work and analyses the major challenges faced, especially related to legitimacy, requirements for amicus curiae participation in constitutional process and lack of financing for strategic litigation on transgender rights. Supreme Federal Court’s seletivity and organizations’ interaction and choices aiming to overcome the selectivity are highlighted. The goals of this kind of participation are also related to visibility and dialogue and go beyond the decision so the organizations articulate themselves to prevail over difficulties and limitations of access and admissibility. The dissertation conclusion points out that nevertheless the participation as amicus curiae plays an important role in the democratization of constitutional jurisdiction, there are some issues that could be reconsidered so the goal of democratization would be better accomplished.