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The study investigated factors influencing nursing turnover in selected private hospitals in England as the United Kingdom recruited 57 136 nurses from non-European countries from 1998 till 2003. Herzberg's Theory of Motivation was used to contextualise the research results obtained from 85 completed questionnaires. In terms of Herzberg's Theory of Motivation the intrinsic factors (motivators) that could influence nurses' turnover rates were nurses' dissatisfaction with irregular promotions, lack of recognition by doctors, and nurses' lack of autonomy. The extrinsic (hygiene) factors included dissatisfaction with their salaries, and marked dissatisfaction with organization and administration policies and nurses' inability to access information about patient care and about the management of their units. Nurses' turnover rates might be reduced if promotion policies could be consistent, doctors would value nurses' work and if nurses could be more autonomous. Enhanced communication about policies and about accessing information, as well as improved salaries,could contribute to reduced turnover rates among nurses. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_wj_me_ilha_prot.pdf: 5977807 bytes, checksum: b69a53f6ef92790ab2c12e142ddde420 (MD5) / Com a finalidade de contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre a distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de edifícios de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, foi desenvolvido no presente trabalho uma série de ensaios que visam a análise da eficiência de dois tipos de ligações usuais entre paredes: as ligações de amarração direta (contrafiada) e as ligações com amarração indireta, através de grampos metálicos e graute. Para a consecução desses objetivos foram desenvolvidos diferentes programas experimentais, que contemplaram desde a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas dos componentes da alvenaria (blocos, argamassa, graute e aço) até a ensaios em corpos-de-prova (paredes H) representativos das formas de ligações em estudo. Com o objetivo de se encontrar correlações com estes tipos de ligações, foram desenvolvidos, em paralelo, ensaios de cisalhamento em unidades (blocos) e ensaios em prismas especiais, aqui chamados prismas cavaletes. Por fim, os resultados experimentais obtidos no presente trabalho foram comparados com os resultados encontrados em modelos reduzidos, nas escalas 1:3 e 1:5, obtidos da revisão bibliográfica. / With the intend to contribute for a better understanding about the vertical loads spreading between the ceramic blocks walls of a structural masonry building, it was developed within the present work a series of tests aiming the analysis of the efficiency of two usual walls connections, one directly connected (stretcher, bond) and the other indirectly connected throughout steel staples and grout. For the attainment of these objectives it was developed different experimental programs, which contemplated since the mechanical properties characterization of the masonry componentes (blocks, mortar, grout and steel) until the tests on the studying connections representative specimen (H walls). Aiming to find the correlations for these types of connections, it was also developed, in parallel, shearing tests on the units (blocks) and tests on special prisms, called here by rack prisms. At the end, the experimental results obtained upon the present work were matched with the found small-scale results, on the (1:3) and (1:5) scales, obtained from the bibliographic revision.

O presente estudo tem como finalidade o conhecimento dos estressores, na atuação dos enfermeiros de centro cirúrgico e recuperação anestésica (CC/RA), assim como as estratégias de coping usadas. A população foi composta por todos os enfermeiros de CC/RA da cidade de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram dezessete entrevistados, sendo cinco atuando em hospital privado (29,41%) e doze em hospital público (70,59). Na coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos: formulário para levantamento de atividades diárias, e inventário de estratégias de coping. Os resultados foram tabulados e analisados usando-se testes não paramétricos. Obteve-se pela avaliação subjetiva e individual dos enfermeiros que 70,59% dos entrevistados percebem-se estressados ao atuar em CC/RA. Pela identificação dos estressores no desempenho das atividades diárias dos enfermeiros, concluiu-se que as condições de trabalho em CC correspondem à área de maior stress para 41,18% dos enfermeiros independentemente do cargo ocupado. Quanto às estratégias de coping mais utilizadas pelos enfermeiros, destaca-se a resolução de problemas. Detectou-se uma diferença significativa entre: stress total e stress percebido por meio da avaliação individual e subjetiva; stress total e o stress decorrente de possuir curso de pós-graduação; stress total e o stress referente ao relacionamento com equipe médica e de enfermagem; ao relacionamento com serviços diretamente ligados à assistência do paciente durante o ato anestésico cirúrgico; atividades relacionadas à administração de pessoal; e condições de trabalho para o desempenho das atividades do enfermeiro de CC. O enfermeiro de CC/RA é estressado, mas tem algumas estratégias que oferecem apoio à realização de sua atividade profissional. / This study intents to verify stress and coping among operating room (OR) nurses and recovery room nurses. The population was composed for all nurses in Santa Maria,RS, Brazil. The total of 17 nurses were intervened, that 29,4% was from private hospitals and 70,6% form governmental hospitals. The date was collected by “ Diary activities inventory” and “ways of coping questionnaire”. The results demonstrated that 70,6% of nurses perceived as stressed. The “ conditions of work” was the stressful item cried (41,18%) and was not dependent of function in OR. They answered that “solving problems” was the most useful coping strategy. Differences statistical significant were detected among; total of stress and perceived stress; total of stress and post-graduate curse; total of stress and relation ship with doctors, nurses, other departments, staff administration and work conditions. In conclusion, the OR nurses were stressed but the used coping strategies in order to work and live.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho analiso as formas de sociabilidade dos redeiros de Patos-PB, incluindo as vivÃncias com seus cÃnjuges, a partir da observaÃÃo e mergulho nos aspectos do cotidiano de suas vidas. A perspectiva teÃrica adotada tem como principais matrizes:os conceitos de dÃdiva e reciprocidade na constituiÃÃo de redes de sociabilidade (MarcelMauss0; a noÃÃo de honra (Bourdieu)e forma de sociabilidade (Simmel) (1) a contribuiÃÃo de Marcel Mauss, com sua discussÃo relativa Ãs redes de sociabilidade constituÃdas em torno das estruturas de dÃdiva e de reciprocidade; (2) a contribuiÃÃo de Bourdieu, em seus estudos sobre a honra entre os Kabilia; (3) a contribuiÃÃo de Simmel, com sua discussÃo a respeito das formas de sociabilidade. Para compreender a organizaÃÃo social dos redeiros-vendedores e das suas mulheres no contexto das vendas das redes, cangas e mantas, bem como as maneiras pelas quais eles constroem e reconstroem as mais diversas formas de sociabilidade e trabalho frente a outros sujeitos sociais nos mÃltiplos espaÃos por onde transitam ao efetivarem suas vendas, utilizei a etnografia como metodologia, realizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas, conversas informais, observaÃÃo participante e sistematizando algumas histÃrias de vida. Dentre as principais conclusÃes do trabalho destaco as seguintes: (1) a honra entre os redeiros de Patos-PB à construÃda a partir da lÃgica da dÃvida; (2) a sociabilidade dos redeiros à determinada pela reciprocidade obrigatÃria da dÃvida, que favorece a construÃÃo e fortalecimento de laÃos sociais; (3) a honra se expressa de vÃrias formas nos diferentes lugares e papÃis sociais ocupados e desempenhados pelos redeiros na relaÃÃo da dÃdiva / In this work I analyse forms of sociability among hammock sellers from Patos, PB, including living experiences with their marital partners, using the methodology of interviews and the direct observation of aspects of their daily lives. The theoretical perspective has as main founts: (1) contributions done by Marcel Mauss on the theme of sociability nets, which are built around structures of giving and reciprocity; (2) the contributions done by Bourdieu on the theme of honour among the Kabila; (3) the contributions done by Simmel, with his discussion on sociability forms. In order to understand the social organisation of hammock sellers and theirs wives in the context of hammocks and other sales and other craft-works sales, I used the ethnographic method and did semi-structured interviews. Besides it I made direct observation and participated in informal chats between hammock sellers I chose, in order to have some life stories. Among the main outcomes of my research I bring out the following: (1) the honour of the hammock sellers from Patos-PB is built with reference to the debt logic; (2) the sociability of hammock sellers is determined by the imposed reciprocity of debt, which helps them in building and make strong social links; (3) the hammock sellers honour expresses itself in varied forms according to the different places in which hammock sellers circulate. It varies as well as a function of social roles they play at the community.

Purpose of Review: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among Black youth ages 10–19 years. Between 1991 and 2017, rates of suicide among Black youth have been increasing faster than rates among any other race/ethnic group. There are many factors that may explain this increase, with gambling being suggested as one such potential risk factor. This review examines the association between gambling and suicide behaviors, and how these associations may vary between Black and White youth and young adults. The current review examines these associations using data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM). Recent Findings: Recent findings have revealed distinct patterns of substance use initiation and gambling behaviors between Black youth and White youth. While strong links between gambling and suicide behaviors have also been reported, whether the associations were consistent across race/ethnicity groups was not investigated, nor in these cross-sectional analyses was it possible to determine whether the gambling behaviors preceded or followed suicidality. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether there are differences in the associations of gambling and suicide behaviors at the race/ethnicity level in tandem with data that examine the sequence of the behaviors. The current report focuses on racial/ethnic differences using data that allow for sequencing the occurrence of the behaviors via the age of first gambling experience, and of first suicidal symptom, to better distinguish the nature of the association. Summary: The current findings revealed that gambling initiation predicted suicide ideation among Black youth, while no significant association was found among White youth. This is of major public health concern, given the rising rates of suicide among Black youth, and the increased availability of gambling. The report did not find a link between gambling and suicide attempts. Culturally tailored interventions should be considered among schools, families, and clinicians/providers, to highlight the risk of adolescent gambling, particularly among Black youth.

Diploma thesis Honors Righteous Among the Nations in the context of the Second World War: the life stories of the awarded deals with The Righteous Among the Nations Award, which is awarded to people of Jewish origin, who during the Second World War selflessly helped the Jewish people survive. The aim is to increase awareness of the aforementioned awards and especially bring specific fates of people who have received it. Examined and interpreted sub- themes that determine the specifics of how to obtain this award. These issues include the motivation to help others during everyday concealment, friendship etc. Individual interviews with bearers that bring unique and direct evidence are placed in the broader context of the Second World War, which focuses primarily on the issue of the final solution of the Jewish question. Examination of the Second World War is underpinned by a rich resource base that supports the overall character of the text.

Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the association of perceived gender discrimination and illicit drug use among a sample of African American (AA) and European American (EA) adolescent girls and young women. Method: Data were drawn from a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder of mothers and their offspring (N = 735). Multinomial regressions were used to examine whether experience of offspring and maternal gender discrimination were associated with offspring illicit drug use (cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, PCP, opiates, hallucinogens, solvents, sedatives, or inhalants). Outcomes included offspring age of drug use initiation (age ≤ 14) and lifetime heavy drug use (≥ 50 times) of 1 or more illicit substances. Interactions between race and offspring gender discrimination were modeled to assess for race differences. Results: Results revealed that gender discrimination was associated with a greater likelihood of offspring early initiation (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 2.57, 95% CI [1.31, 5.03]) versus later initiation (RRR = 1.33, 95% CI [0.80, 2.24]). Offspring gender discrimination was associated with offspring heavy drug use (RRR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.07, 4.06]) and not associated with moderate/light use (RRR = 1.44, 95% CI [0.86, 2.42]), but post hoc tests revealed no significant group differences. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perceived offspring gender discrimination is associated with early drug use initiation. Gender discrimination, particularly at an early age, has a potential to cause harm, including drug use. Implementation of policies that foster environments that eliminate gender bias and discrimination at an early age should be prioritized. Gender-responsive treatment merits consideration by substance use treatment providers. Public Significance Statement: This study indicates that adolescent females who experience gender discrimination, are more likely to initiate drugs at an earlier age. Targeting gender discrimination during adolescence may be important, before gender norms become rooted into one’s trajectory.

Increasing numbers of English-language learners (ELLs) with limited literacy skills in middle schools have resulted in a high percentage of long-term English-language learners (LTELLs). The problem of LTELLs, ELLs who have attended school in the United States for more than 6 years and have not met the state ESL exit criteria, is addressed in this study. Cummins' concept of second language acquisition and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development theoretical frameworks were used in this qualitative case study to explore the perceptions of 6 Title I middle school teachers. The purpose of this study was to explore middle school teachers' perceptions of LTELLs and their impact on classroom instruction. The research questions investigated how middle school teachers perceived the limited literacy skills among LTELLs and respectively how middle school teachers perceived the effect of LTELLs on their classroom instruction. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis, and analyzed with descriptive analytical techniques Findings from the data indicated that middle school teachers' misconceptions about LTELLs, a lack of knowledge of LTELL and second language acquisition, and a lack of linguistic support, contributed to the limited literacy skills among LTELLs. The resulting project, a white paper, focused on recommendations for the stakeholders on how to address the issue of limited literacy skills among LTELLs. This study's contribution to social change includes a better understanding of LTELLs and their learning needs, as well as addressing teachers' misconceptions about LTELLs and second language acquisition. The results and recommendations provide suggestions that, if implemented, may improve ELLs' academic achievement and reduce the number of LTELLs.

The research problem is the increasing numbers of overweight and obese nurses working the night shift. Study on overweight and obesity among female Filipino nurses has not been conducted. It was important to conduct a research study among female Filipino nurses to find out if there are statistically significant associations between night shift work and weight gain. The purpose of this correlational and cross-sectional study was to determine if there are statistically significant associations between insufficient sleep, abnormal eating patterns, working 12-hour shifts, years of working night shift, age, stress, marital status, nursing units, decreased physical activity, and level of weight gain among female Filipino nurses working the night shift in the hospital. The theoretical base of this study was the locate evidence, evaluate evidence, assess evidence, and informed decision model. The survey questionnaire was constructed and an online survey through Survey Monkey was used to access nurses via a convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA. According to study findings, there were significant associations between insufficient sleep, abnormal eating patterns, marital status, 12-hour shifts, number of years working on night shift, and increased in body mass index. The implications for social change include information that nurses can use to better understand the negative implications of night shift work on health. At the organizational level, this study provides information for administrators and nursing leaders that might facilitate change in policies by improving working conditions for nurses.