Ce mémoire entend mettre en lumière la solution au problème du mal développée par Philippe le Chancelier dans la Summa de bono (1225-1228). À cet effet, notre analyse se polarise sur la notion du mal qui occupe à la fois le système des transcendantaux et la division du bien créé découlant du principe du souverain bien. La somme est bâtie d’après la primauté de la notion du bien transcendantal, et fut rédigée par opposition avec la doctrine manichéenne des Cathares, en vogue au XIIIe siècle, qui s’appuyait sur la prééminence de deux principes métaphysiques causant le bien et le mal, d’où devaient procéder toutes les choses de la Création. Ceci explique que nous ayons privilégié de seulement examiner les notions du bien et du mal en un sens général, car c’est au stade universel de l’ontologie du bien que l’auteur défait la possibilité du mal de nature, en amont des ramifications du bien créé, déployées, à l’envi, dans les questions de la somme où les réponses sont assignées à des problèmes spécifiques. Nous offrons ici, pour la première fois, une traduction en français d’une série de questions ayant permis de mener à bien ce projet. / This master’s thesis intends to clarify Philip the Chancellor’s answer to the problem of evil in the Summa de bono (1225-1228). To this end, we focus on the concept of evil as located within the transcendental system and the division of created good resulting from the supreme good. This sum, which is conceived from the primacy of the transcendental notion of good, was drafted in opposition to the Manichean doctrine of Cathars, a belief popular in the thirteenth century, which states that two metaphysical principles cause good and evil and it is from these principles that all things are created by nature. For this reason, we decided to study the concepts of good and evil only in a general sense, because the author dismantles the possibility of natural evil at the universal level of the ontology of the good and, prior to the deployment of the created good, it is through the sum’s questions that specific problems can be resolved. Here, we offer for the first time a French translation of several questions useful to this project.

Die mikromechanische Gleichspannungswandlung basierend auf verschiebungsabhängigen Kapazitäten stellt eine Alternative zu etablierten rein elektronischen Wandlern für den Spezialfall der kapazitiven oder piezoelektrischen Verbraucher dar. Durch ihre kleine Bauform und den Verzicht auf Induktivitäten bietet sie den Vorteil der On-Chip-MEMS- und CMOS-Integration und ermöglicht die Bereitstellung hoher elektrischer Gleichspannungen aus den verfügbaren Grundspannungen der Elektronik (z. B. 3, 5 bzw. 12 V). Von hohen Polarisationsspannungen profitieren nicht nur kapazitive Sensoren und Aktoren, sondern auch piezoelektrische Messverfahren. Diese Arbeit stellt eine umfangreiche Übersicht und Bewertung der möglichen Bauformen mikromechanischer Gleichspannungswandler sowie die konkrete Umsetzung, Charakterisierung und Modellbildung eines resonant arbeitenden Wandlers vor. Es wird auf Besonderheiten und Probleme im Entwurf eingegangen und ausgehend von den Ergebnissen ein Konzeptentwurf für einen optimierten resonanten Gleichspannungswandler erarbeitet.:1 Einleitung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 Ausführungsvarianten von MEMS-DC/DC-Wandlern 4 Designstudie und Umsetzung des resonanten Funktionsprinzips 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / Micromechanical DC/DC conversion based on variable capacitances is an alternative to established electronic voltage converters, which does not require bulky inductors and is suitable for capacitive and piezoelectric loads. The converters are capable of boosting up the polarization voltage from CMOS and electronic levels (3, 5, 12 V), which is beneficial not only for capacitive sensors and actuators but also for piezoelectric sensing. Advantages of this method are the on-chip- and CMOS-integrability. This thesis introduces a comprehensive overview and evaluation of possible designs as well as the practical application, characterization and modeling of a resonant micromechanical DC/DC converter. Innovative claims include a test board for the characterization of resonant DC/DC converters and a SPICE behavioral model of the device, considering parasitic effects. Characteristics and problems of the design are discussed and the results are used to demonstrate an optimized conceptual design of a resonant DC/DC converter.:1 Einleitung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 Ausführungsvarianten von MEMS-DC/DC-Wandlern 4 Designstudie und Umsetzung des resonanten Funktionsprinzips 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a load–bearing structure, whitch is situated in the extravillain between the town of Chomutov and the village Křimov. Main purpose of this structure is to pass a roadway I/7 across the valley. There are three options of design and one of them – the prestressed box girder bridge with slanted walls is chosen for more detailed elaboration. The major load–bearing structure is five–span with lenghts 46.50 + 58.00 + 58.00 + 58.00 + 46.50 m, made of post–tensioned nad cast–in–place concrete. The total lenght of load–bearing structure is 269.00 m and the width of load–bearing structure is 13.50 m, the bridge is straight in plan. The structure is analyzed by several computational models, which are designed in Scia Engineer 20.0 software. The structure is analysed in longitudinal and cross directions. The assessments of load state limit and usability limit state are made according to valid standards. This thesis also included time dependent analysis (TDA), that takes construction stage analysis into account.

The dissertation thesis investigates the modeling of the neural network activity with a focus on a multilayer forward neural network (MLP – Multi Layer Perceptron). In this often used structure of neural networks, time-varying neurons are used, along with an analogy in modeling hyperstructures of linear differential operators. Using a finite lemma and defined hyperoperation, a hyperstructure composed of neurons is defined for a given transient function. There are examined their properties with an emphasis on structures with a layout.

This Master's thesis deals with the detailed design of the supporting structure of the bridge with two sections, with the rise in the direction of the intermediate support, and cross-cut single-beam construction. The supporting structure is designed from the prestressed concrete, prestressing losses are accurately quantified. It also deals with the assessment of pillar base threshold and pilot groups. The assessment was carried out according to the limit states.

This diploma thesis deals with problem of design and calculation of membrane structure of stadium roof. This is a complex engineering problem, which includes many partial problems: finding of initial form of membrane, statically and architecturally suitable arrangement of catenaries, economical solution of boundary conditions (foundations). All components affect each other and cannot be dealt without mutual coordination. It always greatly depends on the experience and intuition of engineer who design such structure. Task which cannot be resolved according to the theory of the first order. Equilibrium forces on the deformed structure, which in many projected structures gives satisfactory results, did not correspond to reality. It is therefore necessary to consider equilibrium of forces on the deformed structure according to the theory of large deformations. Diploma thesis was entered with regard to the intention of the companies Ing. Software Dlubal s.r.o. and FEM consulting s.r.o., working together to develop software RFEM. These companies plan to complement this program system with a module MEMBRANE for searching of initial shapes of membrane structures. This work is a contribution to the creation of this module.

Informetrics study the information flow as a pure information phenomenon. However what are the practical applications of this problem? Information flow can be understood, investigated and managed from different points of view. The most practical one is management approach combined with intuitive analogy. Water flow parallel appears suitable. A conceptual model can be propounded upon this foundation and then used for better illustration of information flow function and key parts. Finally, a good amount of instruments and management methods can be used to manage information flows. So in chosen organization the current state of information flows and contemporary methods of its management are investigated in order to compare the theory and the practice. Concrete suggestions and statements about information flow management are deduced afterwards This paper illustrate possibilities of usage of information flow management in practice. Keywords information flow management - methods of information flow management - information flow model - practical aplications - case study - analogy - induction - Regional research library in Liberec

Although it is broadly acknowledged that democratic politics should operate through the public competition of binding positions, the careful development of these positions is commonly neglected. Providing ethnographic analysis of the work of staff advisers in parliamentary groups, the paper explores the invisible work invested into these competing positions. We argue that the invisibilization of work serves to accomplish a central tenet of democratic political discourse: the demonstration of resonance between constituents and elected politicians. The latter may be assisted by – but must not depend on – non-elected staff. Against this ‘sacred’ premise of representative democracy, the paper shows that and how political positions are based on invisible work and the work of invisibilizing. Building on laboratory and workplace studies, we specify the shape and function of invisibility by contrasting studies on invisible work in the natural sciences, in case law, and in party politics. In these instances, invisible work serves different discursive objects-in-formation: scientific facts, legal cases, and binding positions. Understanding invisible work, thus, leads us to consider different constitutive relevancies. In turn, these serve to specify established concepts in STS, such as ‘controversy,’ to better distinguish the day-to-day conduct of natural science from that of politics or law.

The subject of diploma thesis is designing multi-span highway bridge over Řepovský potok valley, dirt roads and biocorridor. Three variants of bridge were designed and one of them – box girder 10 span bridge, has been chosen. Bridge deck is made from cast in place post tension prestressed beam. Load-bearing structure is concreting step by step on fixed and moving support. Total length of bridge is 560 m. The analysis of structure was projected on several computational models. They have been made in software Midas Civil and SCIA Engineer 18.1. The assessments of ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state were made in all steps of building in longitudinal and cross direction. In the analysis in longitudinal direction is included the time dependent analysis. Structural design was made in software MS Excel according to valid standards. Finally, drawing documentation and visualization were made.

本論文は、ルソーの国家論を、政治的身体のアナロジーに着目することによって解明することを目的とする。『社会契約論』を構成する三つの重要概念、すなわち「社会契約」、「一般意志」、「人民主権」がいかにして緊密に連関し合っているのかが、この「政治的身体」のアナロジーの解読を通じて示される。とりわけ「一般意志」については、『エミール』における意志論にも言及しつつ、「特殊意志」との接合がいかにして可能かを探求する。 / This study aims to clarify the political philosophy of Rousseau by analysing the analogy of the Body Politic. Through the analogy, it is shown how three important notions in The Social Contract , namely the social contract, the general will and popular sovereignty, are related closely each other. In terms of the general will, I explore the possibility of connecting it to the particular will while mentioning the discussion about free will in Emile. / 博士(哲学) / Doctor of Philosophy / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University