The diploma thesis examines trends in consumption of tobacco products. It goes through quantitative indicators as well as changing structure of demanded products within the tobacco category. The thesis will also consider government regulations which strongly influence tobacco industry and therefore preferences of consumers themselves.

In this dissertation you can find necessary information related to the new marketing style called retromarketing. Application and possibilities of product inovation. In addition, this work has couple of main aims means acquainted with properties of retromarketing and what should not be forgotten or change during it's application. And which case is possible to use this kind of marketing. Other aim of education of this work is understand the meaning of inovation.

Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T11:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarchiJunior_Wanderley_M.pdf: 7415490 bytes, checksum: cef9b35a3aead69d4f7d29436cf953b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem origem na nossa inquietação acadêmica sobre os limites da produção literária da Educação Física e na periodização política de suas tendências, formuladas no trabalho de Paulo Ghiraldelli Júnior. Ao entrarmos em contato com a literatura da área, observamos que os textos predominantes eram aqueles que tratavam, exaustivamente, dos métodos de aprendizagem desportiva e de correção dos movimentos técnicos, sendo que em poucas obras, encontramos produções que trabalhavam as questões históricas, filosóficas ou educacionais. Percebida a existência dessa limitação teórica e a qualidade da contribuição prestada à Educação Física pela obra de Ghiraldelli, objetivamos com o desenvolvimento da nossa pesquisa, rever os autores que construíram o referencial teórico da Educação Física, durante sua história, e produzir um texto de ordem filosófica-educacional e ideológica, capaz de remeter à apreciação da comunidade acadêmica, em primeira instância, uma Classificação de suas tendências. Com a concretização da pesquisa, esperamos poder contribuir, efetivamente, com as discussões que se fazem necessárias em relação aos objetivos pretendidos pela Educação Física e, principalmente, quanto ao nível de formação intelectual e política de seus profissionais. A possibilidade de termos um referencial teórico para analisamos o trabalho que está se desenvolvendo nas escolas, clubes ou academias e, a que tipo de formação está servindo tais propostas, foi uma contribuição desejada na elaboração da dissertação. Metodologicamente, fomos assistidos pela Dialética Materialista de K. Marx e K. Kosik que definiu dentro da Pesquisa Bibliográfica o método de investigação e o método de exposição dos resultados. Ao final do trabalho de investigação, chegamos à definição das tendências Higienista, Militarista, Sócio-Pedagógica, Estruturalista-Sistêmica, Técnico-Científica e Histórico-Crítica da Educação Física, relacionando-as com as concepções filosóficas educacionais brasileiras de D. Saviani, e com as dimensões ideológicas de A. Gramsci / Abstract: The origin of the present dissertation is our academic restlessness concerning the limits of the literary production in Physical Education and in the political timing of its tendencies, formulated in the work of Paulo Ghiraldelli Júnior. As we got in contact with the literature of the area, we observed that the predominant texts were those which dealt exhaustively with sports learning methods and technical movernent correction; only in few texts, however, have we found productions dealing With the historical, philosophical and educational questions. Once both the existence of such theoretical limitation and the quality of the contribution of Ghiraldelli's work to Physical Education were noticed, by developing our work we aimed at examining the authors who constructed the theoretical reference in Physical Education during its history, and at producing a text of a philosophical-educational and ideological order, capable of exposing to the appreciation of the academic community, for the first time, a Classification of its tendencies. With the concretization of this research, we hope to have been able to contribute effectively to the discussions that are necessary as far as the objectives intended by Physical Education are concemed and, mainly, in what concerns the intellectual and political background of its professionals. The possibility of having a theoretical reference to analyze the work that is being done at schools, clubs or academies, and to what kind of developrnent it is being used, was a desired contribution to the developrnent of the dissertation.. As far as methodology is concerned, we have been assisted by Materialist Dialectic by K. Marx and K. Kosik, which defined in the Bibliographic Research, the method of investigation and the method of exposition of results. At the end of the investigation work, we arrived at the definitions of the Hygienist, Militaristic, Social-Pedagogical, Structural-Systemic, Technical-Scientific and Historical-Critical trends of Physical Education, associating them with D. Saviani's philosophic educational Brazilian concepts, and with A. Gramsci's ideological dimensions / Mestrado / Mestre em Educação Física

The theoretical part of the thesis dealing with the theme of Age Management contains a relatively new concept concerning the field of Human Resources Management which focuses on taking the age of eymployees into account. The theoretical part is also approaches current demographic trends in the Czech Republic and points out the problems that may arise in connection with future demographic development. The practical part deals with the analysis of the external and internal environment of a company which serves as the basis for initial proposals of the application of Age Management in a particular company.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations and trends between chronic diseases and tooth loss using BRFSS 2012-2018. METHODS: Self-reported permanent tooth loss from tooth decay/gum disease and several self-reported chronic disease diagnoses were analyzed by cycle (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018) to explore associations and trends. Chi-square analyses were performed for the primary outcome of one or more teeth lost with the following ailments: physical health, mental health, weight, diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, respiratory diseases, arthritis, and kidney disease. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate the odds for tooth-loss for each disease using gender, age, race, insurance, income, education and smoking as covariates. Effects of one or more concurrent chronic disease diagnoses on tooth loss were calculated and 2012-2018 results compared. Interaction between disease and year were used in the multivariate regression aanalyses to find differences in tooth loss from 2012- 2018. All calculations were performed using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: Tooth loss has declined from 45% - in 2012 to 39% - in 2018 in individuals with one chronic disease. A similar decline in tooth loss is seen in those with two, three, four or more chronic diseases. Increased tooth-loss was significantly associated with each chronic disease, with adjusted odds of tooth-loss ranging from 1.08-1.72. Diabetics, had an increased and significant odds of tooth loss with time: 1.36 (2012)-1.54 (2018). The odds of tooth-loss increased as number of concurrent chronic diseases increased -1.2 (one chronic disease)-2.4 (four or more chronic diseases). CONCLUSION: Fewer people are losing teeth, but those with chronic disease experience higher odds of tooth-loss. Having more concurrent diseases is associated with increased tooth-loss. Oral health is essential for overall health, therefore access to oral health care and educating the public and health professionals about these associations is vital. / 2021-07-29T00:00:00Z

Over the past few years there has been a clear trend regarding demand for office space in the central business district, CDB. The rent level is far greater there than in any other area, and vacancy is very low compared to other submarkets. People tend to prefer greater office location over salary and the office location works as a status symbol. Over the past few years companies have started to rearrange their offices, both interior wise and location wise. Some larger firms have moved their headquarters and offices from the central to prime suburbs, and many more are following this strategy. This study examines, by comparing different sub markets in Stockholm with similar submarkets in Boston, how the commercial real estate market in Stockholm will develop and what movements to expect in the office market. Are Stockholm’s sub markets following the Boston sub markets footsteps? Stockholm is growing rapidly both economically and population wise. Access to land in the city is limited and the boundaries of the inner city are pushed outwards. To the meet the demand in the inner city a common trend the past few years has been to reconstruct and convert office space to housing. Former industrial premises that earlier where converted to offices are now reconstructed as housing. Another trend has been to exploit and develop new areas outside the city to meet today’s demand. Problems occur when the majority of offices operate within the city, pushing the demand for transportation and increasing the density of 2 commuting. Since the commuting hours are becoming greater the demand for adjacent work places and offices may increase. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how the trends for office locations in Stockholm may change. In addition to that a comparison to the office market in Boston will be made. The areas that are defined in the study are Solna, Sundbyberg and Stockholm City in Sweden and Cambridge, Seaport and Downtown in Boston, USA. Every office market and sub market is unique in many ways which always needs to be in the back of the head of the reader when looking at this report. Boston and Stockholm are both premier cities when it comes to center of education and being a hub for tech start-ups and financial giants and are both following the general ups and downs of the economy. The conclusion drawn from this study is that each market are following the same trend but varies in initial levels and relative to each other. Regarding the rent level, Solna and Sundbyberg will, unlike Cambridge and Seaport, most likely not exceed the rent level in CBD and also not fall below in vacancy rate. The sub markets in each country differs a lot but Solna and Sundbyberg will most likely follow Cambridge and Seaport in both increasing rent levels and decreasing vacancy rates thanks to continuous increase in popularity - A big partition factor between the two Cities.

The South Nation watershed is located in Eastern Ontario, Canada and managed under the authority of the South Nation Conservation (SNC). The watershed covers an area of 400,000 hectares with four dominant categories of land-use classes (60% agriculture, 34% forest, 5% mixed urban, and 1% other). Water quality is a great concern for the SNC as many anthropogenic activities generate harmful pollutants (such as heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides) that are discharged to the river through surface and groundwater flow. The discharge patterns of these pollutants are mainly driven by land-use distribution within the watershed which has been constantly evolving with urbanization and intensification of agriculture. Major changes in land-uses can potentially offset current SNC efforts to mitigate water pollution. The objective of the current study is to predict land-use series of maps for the South Nation watershed starting from 1991 to 2020. The prediction is carried out using the land-use allocation algorithm of the Dyna-CLUE (Dynamic Conversion of Land-Use and its Effects) model which is implemented for local regions. Dyna-CLUE is a spatially explicit hybrid land-use allocation model that combines estimation and simulation models, and its allocation procedures predict future trends of land-use surface (estimated from historical trends). The binary logistic regression is used to link preferences of land-use classes and potential demographic and geographic driving factors. Expert judgment was used to select a set of spatial driving factors believed to be responsible for changes in land-use distribution in the South Nation watershed. Three different scenarios for future development of the region were considered, with different initial conditions and conversion restrictions. The simulation results were evaluated using visual and statistical validation techniques to assess the performance of the model in generating maps similar to reality. The Dyna-CLUE model was successfully applied to the South Nation watershed. It was observed that the simulated maps generated from the model were in good agreement with the reality maps. This was confirmed through statistical validation via map pair analysis (error matrix) used to assess the overall accuracy of the model predictions. Results showed that the model was sensitive to land-use restrictions. Such type of modeling can be valuable for assessing the land-use changes at the local level, and setting up a decision support system for the South Nation Conservation towards sustainable land-use management in the watershed. Better results are expected to be achieved with more reliable datasets (i.e., accurate classification of land-use types in reality maps). Data availability and quality were the main obstacles that faced this research work. Our work has the merit to be the first application of CLUE model in Eastern Ontario.

Nearly every modern Olympic Games has brought astonished comments and criticism of the body sizes of female gymnasts. The comments from laypersons, scientists, journalists, and physicians too often imply that these diminutive athletes are unusually small and possibly unhealthy. Purpose: An extended and updated analysis of the sizes of U.S. female Olympic gymnasts including the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. Methods: Official public records from the US Olympic Committee and USA Gymnastics of Olympic team members were assessed including height, mass, age, body-mass index (BMI) and team performance rankings. Sixteen Olympic teams with a total of 123 team positions including the alternates were assessed. Trend analyses were conducted using linear and polynomial models. Results: Analyses indicated that since 1956, height, mass, age, and BMI declined at first and then increased, with the exceptions of height and rank. Best regression fits were obtained via 2nd order polynomial equations. Height and rank showed a downward trend throughout the historical period. Conclusion: Female Olympic gymnasts were getting smaller through approximately the 1980s and early 1990s. An upward trend in size variables was then observed through 2008. The addition of the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games data showed that height shifted to a decline from a slight upward trend, and rank continued to decline throughout the historical period.

This study provides information on the transformation from flea market to fashion retail business that the second hand business Myrorna has undergone. The scope of this study has been rebranding, marketing and communication as well as two trends: sustainability and second hand. Previous literature has pointed towards rebranding being an expensive process, whereas Myrorna being a nonprofit business that gives all their excess profit to charity has a non-existing or a tight budget for business aspects. The intriguing question of how Myrorna could go through such an immense transformation with that business structure was a point of departure for this research. The aim for this study was to look into the Swedish second hand business Myronas non- conventional leap from flea market to fashion powerhouse. The research explored this from an internal viewpoint, hence participants that have worked for or at Myrorna during the time when the transformation took place were chosen in order to see if and how: rebranding, marketing and communication and the trends correlated with their change. In order for this study to look into the second hand business Myrornas transformation, this study has conducted a single case study with a basis on conducting semi structured interviews with participants related to the case company and the phenomenon of the brand transformation. This research has taken on a qualitative research approach in order to get a deeper perspective of the underlying factors that have been part of transforming Myrorna. Additionally, in order to get the full perspective of this process a visual analysis on Myrornas campaigns during the transformation in the years 1998-2008 have been conducted to strengthen and show differences in regard to the empirical data. The results showed how both the rebranding process and a change in Myrornas marketing and communication strategy were the factors that transformed Myrorna into a fashion powerhouse. Furthermore, Myrornas brand awareness was enhanced through sustainability and second hand trends as they created an upswing in regard to popularity. The visual campaigns conducted by Myrorna from 1998 to 2008, clearly shows their transformation in steps; from initially communicating unique and personal clothing, to moving forward to portraying the high fashion clothes that can be found in their stores. Whereas they lastly focused on communicating one of their core values: sustainability.

Today, digital development is happening at such a high rate that security is not as prioritized as it should be. When security is prioritized away, there is a high risk that vulnerabilities arise that malicious actors would like to exploit. It can be for accessing sensitive information, financial gain or simply bringing harm. In order for IT-security personnel to be able to more easily prevent and focus efforts on the vulnerabilities that are current today, this study aims to answer the following question: What is the trend of the most prevalent vulnerabilities? What is the trend of product owners with the most vulnerabilities? What is the trend based on the severity linked to the vulnerabilities? What is the trend of the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility? To answer the questions, a quantitative data analysis was done on the database from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) together with the dataset from the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). The data set from CWE has been used to name and classify the vulnerabilities in NVD. Trends that have been identified in the analysis are as follows: injection, insufficient data authentication and uncontrolled resource consumption are vulnerabilities that have increased percentage every year since 2016. The impact of availability on the reported vulnerabilities declines as a percentage over the years. Vulnerabilities with a high impact on integrity, accessibility and confidentiality has decreased as a percentage.