Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Joseph Campbell tells us that if you look closely at all cultures you find the story of “The Hero's Journey”, the vehicle for my thesis project, a devised theatre piece titled A Thousand Faces: Everyday Heroes. Though the subject of A Thousand Faces is the exploration of “The Hero's Journey” the foundation of the work is the application of the pedagogical principles of Ritual Poetic Drama Within the African Continuum (RPDWAC) as outlined in the practices of my mentor Dr. Tawnya Pettiford-Wates, Assistant Professor of Performance at Virginia Commonwealth University Theatre (VCU). I apply RPDWAC pedagogical principles to Archetypes for the Actor/Singer (AFAS), a training methodology developed by Frankie Armstrong and another of my mentors, Professor of Voice and Speech and Head of Performance at VCU Theatre, Janet B. Rodgers. This paper outlines the process and performance of a class that combined these methodologies.

This thesis is a personal journey examining the applications of Ritual Poetic Drama Within the African Continuum as developed by my mentor Dr. Tawnya Pettiford-Wates, to the profession of the dramatic artist whether they are actor, director, educator or producer, to the training of the dramatic artist as a means of empowering generative, self defined, self validating artists, and as a means of developing community specific dramas in the hopes of facilitating individual and personal revelation. Using the author’s personal experiences as evidence, it intends to affirm Ritual Poetic Drama Within the African Continuum as an emergent methodology for theatrical practitioners.

Le théâtre des symbolistes est souvent considéré comme une tentative dramatique ayant échoué dans la vocation première du genre : la rencontre d’un texte et de la scène. Pourtant, les symbolistes ont mené une importante réflexion sur l’art de la scène, dans laquelle la poésie occupe une place centrale. La poésie doit permettre de refonder un art qui apparaît en crise. Ce parti-pris est perçu comme le socle théorique d’un théâtre à lire, entraînant le renoncement à la scène. C’est dans cette articulation que se loge notre démonstration : nous montrons que cette poésie au théâtre n’est pas incompatible avec les exigences de la scène. Les auteurs étudiés développent en effet une réflexion sur la possibilité d’un théâtre à lire. Mais cette théorie n’est pas une façon de renier la scène : le livre et la scène sont des objectifs poursuivis parallèlement dans leur dramaturgie. Dans cette nouvelle optique, il existe deux types de représentations du texte théâtral : celle de la scène, qui se réalise sur les planches, et celle de la lecture, parce que le lecteur se représente le texte qu’il lit. Apparaît alors une « scène intérieure », tout aussi valable, tout aussi théâtrale que le plateau. Cette thèse prend comme point d’appui des critères stylistiques, dramaturgiques et scéniques pour fonder le rapprochement entre poésie et théâtre. Il s’agit de mettre en perspective ces catégories en fonction de l’esthétique symboliste. En effet, cette dynamique prend naissance en réponse à une crise dramatique propre au dix-neuvième siècle, qui s’interroge sur les rapports entre scène et texte. / Symbolist theatre is often considered as an unsuccessful attempt to drama that failed in the main purpose of the genre: the encounter of text and stage. The symbolists, though, carried an important reflexion on the art of stage, in which poetry is playing a central role. Poetry is thought to allow a new foundation of an art in crisis. This postulation was considered as the theoretical ground of an “armchair theatre”, resulting in a renunciation of stage. Our reflexion discusses this assumption: we demonstrate that poetry in drama is not incompatible with the stage’s obligations. The dramatists studied in this work develop indeed a reflexion on the possibility of an “armchair theatre”. But this theory is no denial of the stage: the reading and the staging are equally pursued by their dramaturgy. In this new conception of theatre, drama can be represented in two different ways: on the stage or in the reader’s mind, because the reader’s represents himself the text he reads. An “inner stage” emerges then, that the symbolists considered of equal dramatic worth as the boards. Our study leans on stylistic, dramaturgic and scenic criterions in order to establish the connection between poetry and theatre. Those categories shall be understood according to the symbolist aesthetics. This new dramaturgy arises as a response to a dramatic crisis characterising the XIX century: dramatists through out the century question the relation between stage and text.

This thesis analyzes the first two poetry collections by Vladimir Holan - Triumf smrti (1930, revision 1936, 1948) and Vanutí (1932). At first, it focuses on identifying their rhythmic structure, its constants and the successive transformations. Particular attention is given to reprocessing of collection Triumf smrti - in the analysis of its three variants to see, how did the Holan's conception of poetic rhythm developed and its relationship to semantics of poetic text and its transformations. Part of exploration is to determine the function of poetic rhythm constants in individual collections, accompanied by an attempt to demonstrate that the relationship of rhythm, euphony and instrumentation of verse and their interaction belongs to the basic components of Holan's lyricism in this period. Furthermore, the work deals with the semantics of these Holan's collections, especially analysis of the basic features of his metaphor and metonymy, their mutual relationship, changes of the metaphors into metonymy and overgrowth in the context of poetic text into symbols. The purpose of the work is to show that the essence of poetic semantics in these collections lies in the specificity and uniqueness of their poetics, from which it is inevitably born, grows and shapes.

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Orientador: Antônio Donizeti Pires / Resumo: A publicação de Poemas Reunidos (2010) de Geraldo Eduardo Carneiro veio para englobar os mais de 36 anos de uma poesia notadamente marcada pela vivacidade, bom humor e ironia. Todavia, tal postura não impediu também a reflexão do “corpo” da poesia (como “objeto em si”; estrutura); ou mesmo da “alma” da poesia (como “voz(es)”; tradição; ruptura). Poemas Reunidos corresponde, para nós, a todo um “percurso poético” que apresenta sólidas pistas para uma poética (algo que nada teria a ver, necessariamente, com um projeto consciente do poeta, mas, apenas, a evidência de que certas marcas temático-estruturais, com o passar do tempo, acabariam ficando cada vez mais evidentes e fortes). Sendo assim, poeta praticamente inexplorado na Academia, em Geraldo Carneiro notamos o entrecruzamento de diversas frentes da nossa poesia moderna-contemporânea: de 22 a 30, passando, sobretudo, por João Cabral de Melo Neto e os Concretos, além do Tropicalismo e a Poesia Marginal – essa última sendo o berço, embora, definitivamente, não a última morada do poeta. No sinuoso labirinto poético de Carneiro, a cultura de massas e a releitura dos clássicos vai ganhando forma através do incessante resgate da intertextualidade e da memória da literatura. É assim que parece surgir a necessidade de reconhecer no(s) Outro(s) a essência do próprio Eu. São os casos mais evidentes o de Orfeu, o protótipo do poeta por excelência, e de Odisseu, eterno explorador e viajante de si e do mundo; Olavo Bilac, poeta da “noss... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The publication of Geraldo Eduardo Carneiro's Poemas Reunidos (2010) came to encompass the more than 36 years of poetry notedly marked by liveliness, good humor and irony. However, this posture did not prevent the reflection of the "body" of poetry (as "object in itself", structure); or even the "soul" of poetry (as "voice (s)", tradition, rupture). Poemas Reunidos corresponds, for us, to a whole "poetic journey" that presents solid clues to a poetic (something that would have nothing to do with a conscious project of the poet, but only the evidence that certain thematic- structural, over time, would become increasingly evident and strong). As a practically unexplored poet in the Academy, in Geraldo Carneiro, we noticed the intersection of several fronts of our modern-contemporary poetry: from 22 to 30, passing, above all, by João Cabral de Melo Neto and the Concretos, besides Tropicalism and Marginal Poetry - this last one being the cradle, although, definitely, not the last address of the poet. In Carneiro's meandering poetic labyrinth, mass culture and the re-reading of the classics are gaining shape through the incessant rescue of intertextuality and the memory of literature. This is how it seems that the need arises to recognize in the Other (s) the essence of self. The most obvious cases are that of Orpheus, the prototype of the poet par excellence, and of Odysseus, eternal explorer and traveler of himself and of the world; Olavo Bilac, poet of "our" language, prince an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Astratto: Editoria Riuniti Poems (2010) Geraldo Carneiro Eduardo è venuto fino a comprendere più di 36 anni di poesia in particolare caratterizzati da vivacità, umorismo e ironia. Tuttavia, questa posizione non impedisce il riflesso del "corpo" della poesia (come "oggetto in sé", struttura); o anche l'anima della poesia (come "voce (s)", tradizione, rottura). La sue poesie raccolte corrisponde, per noi, l'intero "percorso poetico" che dispone di indizi solidi ad una poetica (qualcosa che non ha nulla a che fare necessariamente con il progetto di un poeta cosciente, ma solo le prove che alcune marche temático-strutturale, nel tempo, diventerebbe sempre più evidente e forte). Così, nel poeta praticamente inutilizzato in Accademia, Geraldo Carneiro ha notato l'intersezione di diversi fronti della nostra poesia moderna-contemporanea: 22-30, passando soprattutto da João Cabral de Melo Neto e il Concretismo, al di là di Tropicalismo e la Poesia marginale - quest'ultima è la culla, anche se sicuramente non è la sua ultima dimora. In poesie avvolgimento labirintica, cultura di massa e rileggendo il classico prende forma attraverso il costante recupero dell'intertestualità e memoria letteratura. Ecco come sembra emergere la necessità di riconoscere la (s) altro (s) l'essenza del proprio sé. Sono i casi più evidenti di Orfeo, poeta del prototipo per eccellenza, e Odisseo, esploratore eterno e viaggiatore stesso e del mondo; Olavo Bilac, poeta della "nostra" lingua, principe e maledetto; Camões, / Doutor

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’examiner la représentation de l’exil dans un corpus d’œuvres de quatre poètes originaires de Valparaiso : Alicia Galaz, Osvaldo Rodríguez, Luis Mizón et Eduardo Embry; auteurs partis en exil après le coup d’État de 1973 et ayant créé depuis la distance un discours poétique sur le déracinement. Notre choix s’est porté sur cinq recueils de poèmes, trois en langue castillane, les deux autres en langue française, tous écrits en dehors du Chili (en Europe et aux États-Unis, lieux d’accueil des auteurs), des années 80 à nos jours. Les voici: Señas distantes de lo preferido (1990) d’Alicia Galaz, Cantos de extramuros (1994) d’Osvaldo Rodríguez, les œuvres lyriques en français de Luis Mizón: Province perdue (1988) et Marée basse. Suivi de six arbres (2012), et l’anthologie poétique d’Eduardo Embry Al revés de las cosas que en este mundo fenecen (2010). Selon nous, ces créations constituent un type alternatif d’écriture à partir de et sur l’exil chilien dont l’intérêt, contrairement aux écritures « canoniques » de cette période, ne réside pas dans la composition d’un témoignage visant à dénoncer la dictature militaire de Pinochet, ni dans la construction d’un imaginaire représentatif de l’agonie de l’identité nationale lié à cet événement. Il s’agit davantage d’observer l’élaboration discursive d’une évocation nostalgique du lieu provincial d’origine et d’un passé heureux (avant l’exil), exprimant la réinvention subjective de l’expérience du déplacement. Notre réflexion s’articule autour de l’écriture de la mémoire émanant de l’identité littéraire et linguistique des poètes ainsi que sur les différents niveaux de configuration de l’élégie. L’analyse comparée a dégagé cinq aspects récurrents dans les œuvres du corpus qui nous ont permis d’établir cinq catégories caractérisant la poétique du déracinement: le déplacement territorial; le déplacement émotionnel; l’étrangeté et l’« entre-deux »; la méta-poétique; et la critique à la modernisation. / The principle purpose of this thesis is to examine the representation of exile in the selected work of four poets native to Valparaíso: Alicia Galaz, Osvaldo Rodríguez, Luis Mizón and Eduardo Embry; that were exiled from Chile after the 1973 coup d'état and created, from a distance, a poetic discourse on estrangement. Five books of poetry are discussed, three of which were writen in Spanish and two in French, outside of Chile (in Europe and the United States, places of refuge for the authors) and from the 1980s to the present day. These are: the book of poetry by Alicia Galaz, Señas distantes de lo preferido (1990); the book of poetry Cantos de extramuros (1994), by Osvaldo Rodríguez; the lyrical works in French by Luis Mizón: Province perdue (1988) and Marée basse. Suivi de six arbres (2012); and the poetic anthology by Eduardo Embry, Al revés de las cosas que en este mundo fenecen (2010). We postulate that these creations constitute an alternative type of writing from and about Chilean exile, that unlike the “canonical” writings from this period, their interest does not lie in articulating a testimonial of condemnation about what occurred during the Pinochet dictatorship, nor do they construct imagery that represents broken national identity. These discourses construct a nostalgic evocation of the provincial place of origin and a happy past (prior to exile), expressing the subjective reinvention of the common experience. We will review the following issues: the type of memorial writing they construct; the literary and/or linguistic identity of the poets; and their different levels of eulogy. Through the comparative analysis of the works, we have been able to determine five recurring literary themes, those that collectively constitute the categories that define our proposal concerning the poetic of uprooting: geographic displacement; emotional displacement; estrangement and "in-between"; the meta-poetics; and the critique of modernization, which we carefully examine throughout this investigation. / El propósito principal de esta tesis es examinar la representación del exilio en la obra seleccionada de cuatro poetas oriundos de Valparaíso: Alicia Galaz, Osvaldo Rodríguez, Luis Mizón y Eduardo Embry; autores que fueron exiliados de Chile tras el golpe de estado de 1973 y que crearon desde la distancia un discurso poético sobre el desarraigo. Se trata de cinco poemarios, escritos tres de ellos en lengua castellana y dos en lengua francesa, fuera de Chile (en Europa y Estados Unidos, lugares de acogida de los autores), desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad. Estos son: el poemario de Alicia Galaz Señas distantes de lo preferido (1990); el poemario Cantos de extramuros (1994) de Osvaldo Rodríguez; las obras líricas en francés de Luis Mizón: Province perdue (1988) y Marée basse. Suivi de six arbres (2012); y la antología poética de Eduardo Embry Al revés de las cosas que en este mundo fenecen (2010). Postulamos que estas creaciones conforman un tipo alternativo de escritura desde y sobre el exilio chileno, que a diferencia de las escrituras “canónicas” de este período, su interés no radica en articular un testimonio de denuncia de lo acontecido durante la dictadura militar de Pinochet, ni tampoco construir un imaginario representativo de la identidad nacional en quiebre a causa de este evento. Estos discursos evocan nostálgicamente el lugar provinciano de origen y un pasado feliz (anterior al exilio), expresando la reinvención subjetiva de la experiencia del destierro. Entre las diversas problemáticas que emprendemos se encuentran: el tipo de escritura memorial que construyen; la identidad literaria y/o lingüística de los poetas; y sus diferentes niveles de elaboración de la elegía. El análisis comparado nos ha permitido determinar cinco rasgos temáticos recurrentes en las obras, los que definen las categorías que, en su conjunto, conforman la propuesta de la poética del desarraigo: el desplazamiento territorial; el desplazamiento emocional; el extrañamiento y el “entredós”; la metapoética; y la crítica a la modernización, las que trabajamos detenidamente a lo largo de toda esta investigación.

[pt] A presente tese de doutorado tem como tema a tragédia grega da antiguidade clássica, pensada em seu contraste com a tragédia do Renascimento ou primórdios da era moderna. Focado nas obras Édipo Rei, de Sófocles, e Hamlet, Príncipe da Dinamarca, de William Shakespeare, este estudo pretende tratá-las, respectivamente, no contexto histórico e filosófico em que emergem: a tragédia antiga, nos tempos pré-socráticos, marcados pela consolidação do processo democrático da polis grega e a tragédia moderna, em tempos de ascensão da revolução científica e ruptura com a cosmologia aristotélico-ptolomaica tradicional, por meio do pensamento de Giordano Bruno, Copérnico e Galileu, dentre outros, e também pela retomada, por Montaigne, da antiga tradição cética, pela afirmação da autonomia da consciência, bem como pela irrupção da subjetividade; traços característicos da entrada do mundo na era moderna, e que marcam as principais linhas diferenciais entre ambas as formas da tragédia. Em sua estreita relação com a noção grega de cosmos, a poética trágica desponta como a afirmação de que a tragédia ocorre justamente quando algo nessa ordem se rompe. A tragédia poderia ser pensada, portanto, na medida em que se conserva a arcaica imagem do mundo assentado sobre um eixo, como uma poética da desarticulação da ordem do mundo ou a poética do cosmos fora do eixo. / [en] The present thesis has as its subject the ancient Attic Greek tragedy, contrasted with the tragedy of Renaissance and early modern age. Focused on Sophocles’ King Oedipus and William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, this study intends to treat them, respectively, in the historical and philosophical context they emerge: the ancient tragedy, in presocratic times, marked by the consolidation of the democratic process of the greek polis, the modern tragedy, in the rise of the scientific revolution and the rupture in the traditional aristotelianptolemaic cosmology, by the thought of Giordano Bruno, Copernicus and Galileo, among others, but also by Montaigne’s recover of the ancient skeptical tradition, the statement of the autonomy of individual conscience, as well as the irruption of the subjectivity, all of them, fundamental traces of the beginning of modernity and the principal dividing lines between ancient and modern forms of tragedy. In its very close relation with the original presocratic notion of cosmos, tragic poetics dawns as a statement that tragedy occurs precisely when something fundamental to this order is ruptured. Tragedy could be thought, therefore, keeping before us the archaic image of the universe turning upon an axis, as a poetics of the disarticulation of the world order or the poetics of the cosmos out of joint.

Orientador: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Banca: Maria Lúcia Dall Farra / Banca: Sônia Helena de Oliveira Raymundo Piteri / Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite / Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Marchezan / Resumo: Esta tese objetiva apresentar a "outra história" que aflora à obra ficcional de José Saramago e que expõe, de forma intermitente, as diretrizes do seu processo de criação. O texto é visto como construção progressiva de um universo fictício em processo de contínua auto-avaliação e em constante re-elaboração. Integrantes de um fio discursivo coerente, questões específicas sobre o gênero romance e a sua criação, dispersas no todo da obra romanesca do escritor, são reveladoras das linhas mestras que regem a sua poética ficcional. Numa sintaxe coerente que associa explícitos comentários aos contornos alegóricos conferidos às ações das personagens, os romances de Saramago expõem a própria construção, tanto do ponto de vista do seu projeto, como do ponto de vista da avaliação autocrítica do mesmo. A adoção do método comparativo de trabalho sustenta a análise descritiva e interpretativa de obras representativas de momentos decisivos do percurso ficcional do escritor que oferecem patamares eficazes de observação do "caminho já andado" e "do que falta a percorrer" (SARAMAGO, 1983, p. 256). A autoconsciência escritural instaurada no Manual de pintura e caligrafia, romance que re-introduz Saramago no gênero em 1977, se configura como um processo discursivo que marca singularmente a produção posterior, pela "carta de rumos" que lhe oferece, sistematizando-a e conferindo-lhe unidade. Observados em sua duração e constância, os caminhos apontados no manual estético de 1977 se fundem num conjunto que possibilita compreender o caráter singular do ficcionista. Emolduradas pelo questionamento fundamental da representação do real, que emerge do diálogo estabelecido entre caligrafia e pintura, questões sobre os procedimentos narrativos e discursivos adotados afloram em alguns romances que as polarizam: a interface entre Levantado do chão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims at presenting "the other story" that blooms from José Saramago's fictional work and that exposes, intermittently, the directions to its creation process. The text is seen as a progressive construction of a fictional universe which is in a continuous self-evaluation process and is also in constant re-elaboration. Elements of a coherent discursive thread, specific issues on novel as a genre and its creation, dispersed throughout the author's novels, are in charge of revealing the master plots that conduct his fictional poetic. In a coherent syntax that links explicit comments to allegoric outlines given to the characters' actions, Saramago's novels expose their own construction, from the point of view of his project as well as from the point of view of its self-critic evaluation. The adoption of the work comparative method supports the descriptive and interpretative analysis of representative works from decisive moments of the author's fictional path, which offer efficient steps of observation on "the walked path" and on "the to-be-walked path" ("caminho já andado" and "do que falta a percorrer" - SARAMAGO, 1983, p. 256). The writing self-awareness first established on Manual of Painting and Calligraphy, novel that reintroduces Saramago in the genre in 1977, is configured as a discursive process that singly remarks its next production by the "letter of directions" that is offered, systematizing it and giving it unity. Observed as to what concerns their length and constancy, the paths pointed on the 1977 aesthetic manual are merged into a set of characteristics that allows one to understand the single character of the fictionist. Framed by the fundamental questioning of the representation of what is real, which emerges from the established dialog between calligraphy and painting, issues on the adopted narrative and discursive procedures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor