Orientador: Alberto Luiz Francato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mangiapelo_LeonardoBrunoSantos_M.pdf: 36586082 bytes, checksum: 8113b13216e191e2b209d281e23af5bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: No Brasil, as edificações são responsáveis por 45% do consumo de toda energia elétrica produzida no país, sendo 14,6% representado pelo setor comercial. Neste setor, os sistemas de iluminação artificial representam em média 22% do consumo de energia, apresentando grandes possibilidades para ações de eficiência energética. Estudos mostram que é possível reduzir 61% do custo com energia elétrica com ações de eficiência energética em sistemas de iluminação. Levantamentos realizados pelo Procel indicam que nos hipermercados 66,7% possuem potência instalada em iluminação acima de 100 kW, oferecendo grandes oportunidades para ações de eficiência energética no setor de iluminação. A integração da iluminação artificial com a natural possibilita grandes reduções nos custos com energia elétrica, além de proporcionar ambientes mais agradáveis e saudáveis para seus usuários. Ainda, estudos ressaltam que nos projetos luminotécnicos em geral, a eficiência energética do conjunto de equipamentos luminária-lâmpada-reator não costuma ser considerada, sendo comum a adoção de lâmpadas eficientes com luminárias ou reatores pouco eficientes. Neste trabalho, foram analisados dois hipermercados localizados na cidade de Campo Grande - MS. O hipermercado B possui um sistema de aberturas zenitais que possibilita o aproveitamento da iluminação natural e um conjunto de luminárias com refletores brancos e lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares T8, enquanto o hipermercado A possui um sistema de fechamento com forro e um conjunto de luminárias com refletores metálicos e lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares T5. Para realizar uma avaliação visando à eficiência energética de ambos os sistemas de iluminação destes hipermercados foram realizados levantamentos em campo, medições do consumo de energia elétrica nos circuitos de iluminação e também medições da distribuição dos níveis internos de iluminâncias. O estudo conclui que o aproveitamento da iluminação natural, associada ao correto dimensionamento do conjunto lâmpada luminária- reator e uso de sistemas automatizados oferecem grandes potenciais para a eficiência energética / Abstract: Buildings in Brazil are responsible for 45% of the whole electrical energy consumption, where 14,6% are performed in commercial buildings. In this sector, artificial lighting represent about 22% share of their energy consumption. Studies show that it is possible to reduce over 50% of the energy cost by implementing energy efficiency actions in lighting systems. According to PROCEL, the installed power with lighting in hypermarkets is greater than 100 kW in over 60% of the cases, thus representing an important type of building in the commercial sector. Additionally, studies show that the group efficiency of the lamp-ballast-luminary if often forgotten, yielding in inefficient lighting projects. The use of natural lighting integrated to the artificial lighting can offer not only potential to reduce energy consumption but also a more pleasant and healthy environment. This work describes a field study that was conducted in two different hypermarkets in the city of Campo Grande - MS in Brazil, with different artificial and natural lighting systems. The lighting system in hypermarket A consists of fluorescent T5 lamps in luminaries with reflexive components and no natural lighting openings while in hypermarket B, it consists of fluorescent T8 lamps in luminaries with no reflexive components and 12 openings for natural lighting. To evaluate and compare the energy efficiency of both lighting systems field research, energy consumption and lighting distribution measurements were carried out. The authors concluded that the use of natural lighting, associated with an efficient combination of lamp-luminary-ballast and automation systems offer great potential for energy efficiency / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The increasingly competitive business environment has influenced contemporary organisations to build mutual beneficial relationships with their customers indicating a paradigm shift from transactional marketing. In order to compete in this intense competitive environment, organisations are creating competitive advantage over their rivals through service quality that will influence customer satisfaction which subsequently leads to customer loyalty. Service quality has been found to be the key strategy of success and survival for most organisations like retail supermarkets who want to win the loyalty of their customers because of its positive effect on customer satisfaction. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the retail supermarket industry. An empirical study was conducted in Grahamstown between two main supermarkets through a survey that determined customers’ perceptions on service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty respectively. The empirical findings of this research study revealed that moderate to strong positive linear relationships exists between the dimensions of service quality (namely physical aspects, reliability, personal interaction, problem solving and policy) and customer satisfaction at the 5% level of significance. Furthermore, this study showed that dimensions of service quality (namely physical aspects, reliability, personal interaction and problem solving) have weak negative linear relationships with price sensitivity dimension of customer loyalty. The study further showed that the dimensions of service quality (namely physical aspects, reliability, personal interaction, problem solving and policy) have weak to moderate positive linear relationships with the purchase intentions dimension of customer loyalty. In addition, all the dimensions of service quality (namely physical aspects, reliability, personal interaction, problem solving and policy) showed moderate positive linear relationships with word of mouth communication dimension of customer loyalty. A weak negative linear relationship between price sensitivity dimension of customer loyalty and customer satisfaction was revealed in this study. Purchase intentions dimension of customer loyalty was also found to have a moderate positive linear relationship with customer satisfaction. In addition, word of mouth communication dimension of customer loyalty showed a strong positive linear relationship with customer satisfaction. There is sufficient evidence that the customers of the two supermarkets in this study have different perceptions on problem solving dimension of service quality. This study further provides sufficient evidence of the significant difference between gender on the levels of customer satisfaction. In addition, this study showed that customers of various levels of education and occupations differ in price sensitivity dimension of customer loyalty. The average scores for word of mouth communication, purchase intentions and price sensitivity dimensions of customer loyalty were found to be significantly different between the two supermarkets investigated in this study. Therefore, for supermarkets to compete effectively in the intense retail supermarket industry in South Africa they have to manage their service quality dimensions so as to influence customer satisfaction and customer loyalty respectively.

The thesis deals with the phenomenon of retail chains´ private labels and their specifics. The aim is to determine which retailers occupy the leading position on the private brand food market and through qualitative research eventually define whether there is a difference in the quality of comparable private brands that are currently being offered by the retail chains. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the definition of the brand concept, its functions and specifics and on the general concept of private brand market. I also characterize the retail market in the Czech Republic and its own brands among the retail chains.

No description available.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Since the beginning of the nineteen-eighties factory shops in the clothing industry in the Cape Peninsula have had an increasing influence on the retail trade. Originally factory shops were mainly used by factories to sell damaged goods at the end of the season. On account of the (particularly) short product life cycle of their merchandise, clothing factories started to use factory shops more and more to sell quality clothes (e.g. overproduction, canceled orders, etc.) of a current season directly to the consumer. This approach brought about conflicts in the distribution channel as the traditional responsibilities and values of each channel member were rearranged. The clothing industry in South Africa in general, and in the Cape Peninsula, in particular, is controlled by 6 retailers. The forward integration by clothing factories (i.e. through establishing their factory outlets), inter alia, challenging the status quo as the leadership of the distribution channel had been questioned. Based on certain theories on distribution channel development and distribution channel entry, this study concentrated on determining the scope of factory shops, as well as on "establishing reasons for their development. Although environmental variables (e.g. inflation, backward vertical integration by retailers, economic conditions, etc.) have had a significant impact on the establishment of factory shops, clothing factories also realized the existence of excellent opportunities for profit maximization under adverse economic conditions. Primarily, it was the small who rose against factory threatened; in addition, independent clothing retailers shops as their existence was the leading position of large retailers came under threat. Several theories on the evolution of distribution channels make provision for the entry of factory shops. Factory shops entered the distribution channel with a strong emphasis on price strategy and little (or sometimes even no) emphasis on the non-price marketing instruments. However" with time factory shops increasingly incorporated non-price marketing instruments (e.g. promotion, distribution, and product). As a result of their incorporating additional services, factory shops were upgraded and may therefore face new competitors in the future. The South African experience of the influence and permanency of factory shops is too short to present any clear guidelines. However, if the development of factory shops in the retail structure of the United States of America is any indicator, factory shops will be a permanent add it ion to the distribution channel. Factory shops in the U. S.A. are not confined to the clothing industry but have expanded to include every imaginable consumer article. Retailers who originally pressurized clothing factories to close their factory outlets (selling quality and in-season merchandise) with have to accept and adapt to this interchange in the type of competition. Failing this, the independent retailer may disappear. Since the development of the hypermarket concept in the seventies, developments in the distribution channel in retailing stagnated. The consumer, therefore, was susceptible to the change that the entry of factory shops has brought about in the distribution channel of the clothing industry in the Cape Peninsula.

No description available.

Social Supermarkets have become increasingly common around the world. These are food stores that sell food waste at a greatly reduced price to low-income people. The concept makes clear claims of sustainable business and also offers work training for unemployed. In recent years, the store concept has been spread to several new countries, including Sweden. Today, there is only one store in Sweden, located in Stockholm, which is operated by an organization called Stadsmissionen. Unfortunately, the need is massive. Many people are poor and hungry, and the queue is long before store opening. There are now plans for expansion, which is necessary if the demand for cheap food is to be met. This essay will explore the concept more deeply and the purpose of the thesis is to contribute with knowledge of users' experiences of Social Supermarkets. Finally, politicians from Vänsterpartiet, Kristdemokraterna and Moderaterna were also connected and asked whether the store is suitable or not in contemporary Sweden and future society. The opinions have been drawn apart, ranging from positive views with the store and shame about the situation. Vänsterpartiet sees it as an awful development while Kristdemokraterna and Moderaterna want to stimulate the concept even more. Most customers think that it helps them tremendously and the store manager now wants to build up more stores and better food waste co-operations. In the end, the study of Social Supermarkets, carried out from several different perspectives, eventually became a matter of ethics and morality.

abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts

Este trabalho refere-se ao estudo de um canal reverso de distribuição de produtos lácteos. O objetivo foi verificar a estrutura do canal reverso de produtos lácteos não comercializados e como ocorre o seu gerenciamento. Entendem-se como produtos não comercializados, alimentos lácteos não vendidos pelos atacadistas e varejistas, cujos prazos de validade ainda não expiraram. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar o design do canal reverso desses alimentos e quais as funções de cada membro participante de seu canal de distribuição; investigar como é feito o gerenciamento em relação à coordenação, às operações comerciais e à logística reversa do canal em foco, além de identificar o portfólio de produtos em questão. A relevância do estudo está na importância crescente dos canais de distribuição, os quais têm se desenvolvido e inovado tanto por meio de seus diferentes formatos, quanto pela agregação de valor aos seus membros, como estratégia competitiva de mercado. Este estudo objetivou conhecer o caminho contrário percorrido pelos produtos em questão no canal de distribuição, então chamado reverso, em referência às movimentações de materiais no sentido inverso ao da cadeia de distribuição. Atualmente no Brasil descartam-se toneladas de produtos alimentares. Sendo assim, por meio desta pesquisa, buscou-se verificar se há uma estrutura reversa gerenciada para o descarte e/ou reaproveitamento de produtos não comercializados. Este trabalho constitui-se em uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, sendo realizado estudo de casos, dentre os quais foram pesquisados uma indústria, três distribuidores, dois atacadistas e seis supermercados. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas em profundidade. O principal resultado identificado neste estudo demonstra que as empresas participantes do canal de distribuição de produtos lácteos não possuem uma estrutura definida para o gerenciamento do canal reverso, ou seja, estas não têm um modelo do caminho contrário percorrido pelos produtos em questão no canal de distribuição, apesar do interesse demonstrado pelas empresas. / This work refers to the study of a reverse channel distribution of diary products. The objective was to verify the structure of the reverse channel of diary products which were not commercialized and how their management occurs. It is understood as not commercialized products diary foods which were not commercialized by the wholesalers and retailers and which the validity data has not expired yet. This work tried to identify specifically the reverse channel design of these foods and the function of each participant member of the channel of distribution; to investigate how management is made regarding the coordination, the commercial transactions and logistic channel reverse in focus, and also identify the portfolio of products in question. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance of the distribution channels, which have developed and innovated by means of different formats, as well as for value aggregation to its members, as a competitive market strategy. The objective of this study is to know the contrary path of the products in question in the distribution channel, which is called reverse, in reference to the movements of materials in the inverse direction to the one of the distribution chain. Currently in Brazil tons of alimentary products are disposed. Therefore, by means of this research, the intention is to verify if there is a reverse management structure for the disposal and/or reuse of not commercialized products. This work consists in an exploratory and qualitative research, being carried out through case studies, which researched an industry, three distributors, two wholesalers and six supermarkets. As instruments of data collection the procedure used was in depth interviews. The main result identified in this study was that the participating companies of the distribution channel of diary products do not have a defined structure for managing the reverse channel, that is, there is no model of the contrary path of the products in question in the distribution channel, even though the companies show interest.

A vida moderna impôs novos hábitos alimentares para a população e a maior participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho estimula a alimentação fora do lar. Buscando diversificar suas atividades comerciais e atender esse mercado crescente, muitos supermercados estão implantando uma seção de rotisseria, no qual são produzidos e comercializados alimentos prontos para o consumo. Em muitos supermercados, essa seção é improvisada, sem atender as Boas Práticas de Manipulação, podendo representar um perigo à saúde dos consumidores. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram fazer um estudo crítico do problema da qualidade e inocuidade alimentar na seção de rotisseria de supermercados e apresentar um exemplo de um estabelecimento na cidade de São Paulo no qual uma área foi adaptada para uma rotisseria. Nessa rotisseria improvisada, aplicou-se a Lista de Verificação das Boas Práticas de Manipulação em Estabelecimentos da Área de Alimentos (LVBPMEA) da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo e alguns produtos colocados à venda foram submetidos à análises microbiológicas, para verificar se atendiam os padrões microbiológicos legais vigentes (Resolução RDC12 item 22, ANVISA). O estudo indicou que rotisserias em supermercados representam um novo e promissor mercado, mas os supermercadistas necessitam compreender que esse setor necessita de atenção diferenciada, por envolver produtos de alto risco para a saúde da população. Essa necessidade foi comprovada pelos resultados obtidos no supermercado estudado, onde numerosos pontos da LVBPMEA e da RDC12 não foram atendidos. Este exemplo pode refletir a realidade de muitos supermercados no Brasil. / Modern life style is imposing new eating habits and the increased participation of women in the work market estimulates having meals outside the home. Envisaging a new and promising market, supermarkets are adapting areas for preparation and selling of meals (rotisseries). In many supermakets, these improvised areas do not follow the recommended Good Manufacturing Practices, endangering consumers health. The present study aimed to address the issue concerned to quality and safety of meals prepared in these rotisseries, and present an example of a supermarket in the city of São Paulo in which an area was transformed in a rotisserie for cooking and selling ready-to-eat foods. The Good Manufacturing Practices Verification List, of the Mayority of São Paulo city, was applied to this improvised rotisserie, and some samples of ready-to-eat foods were submitted to microbiological testing in order to evaluate their compliance with the legal Brazilian microbiological standards (Resolução RDC12 item 22, ANVISA). The review indicated that rotisseries in supermarkets are a growing market in Brazil, but the managers need to understand that this sector needs special attention because the foods for sale may be risky for the consumers health. The need for special attention was strengthened by the results in the studied supermarket, where many points and products were not in accordance with the GMP Verification list and the legal Brazilian microbiological standards. This example may reflect the reality in many supermarkets in Brazil.