El presente trabajo de investigación propone una solución innovadora, enfocada en prevenir posibles problemas físicos de los clientes causados por la sobre carga de peso al momento de realizar las compras. Asimismo, el carrito de compras es un producto multifuncional que no existe en el mercado peruano. Con la finalidad de validar la viabilidad del proyecto se realizó una exhaustiva investigación de fuentes primarias y secundarias, en la cual se identificó que la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 incrementó la demanda de productos de primera necesidad en los mercados, supermercados y diversos centros de abasto. Este hallazgo fue fundamental para definir quiénes son y donde se encuentra nuestro público objetivo. En este sentido, el proyecto propone la creación, fabricación y comercialización de carritos de compras que estarán a la venta mediante canales presenciales y virtuales. Por lo tanto, los productos estarán orientados, principalmente, a satisfacer el problema planteado de los hogares de los sectores socioeconómicos A y B de Lima Metropolitana. / The present research work proposes an innovative solution, focused on preventing possible physical problems of customers caused by overweight when making purchases. Likewise, the shopping cart is a multifunctional product that does not exist in the Peruvian market. In order to validate the viability of the project, an exhaustive investigation of primary and secondary sources was carried out, in which it was identified that the pandemic caused by COVID-19 increased the demand for essential products in markets, supermarkets and various centers. This finding was fundamental in defining who and where our target audience is. In this sense, the project proposes the creation, manufacture and marketing of shopping carts that will be for sale through face-to-face and virtual channels. Therefore, the products will be oriented, mainly, to satisfy the problem posed by the households of the socioeconomic sectors A and B of Metropolitan Lima. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad acortar la brecha de conocimiento existente ante el uso de una metodología tradicional para la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura, hacia la aplicación de nuevas tendencias, tecnologías y metodologías como es el caso del VDC (Virtual Design and costruction), enfocados en proyectos del sector retail. a fin de crear una línea base de mejora continua para la organización. Hoy en día, los proyectos de infraestructura desarrollados por la organización, que hemos tomado como caso de estudio, dueña de supermercados de NSE (C-D) en el país, se ejecutan con una metodología de proyectos tradicional, no colaborativa, los cuales suelen tener como común denominador una gran cantidad de incompatibilidades e indefiniciones vistas durante la fase de ejecución del proyecto; sumado a una respuesta tardía a los requerimientos de información, teniendo como desenlace una entrega fuera del plazo comprometido, desviaciones en los costos iniciales proyectados e incomodidad y malestar por parte de la organización. Para ello, se plantea una propuesta de implementación basado en el uso de la metodología VDC siendo está apoyada en la herramienta tecnológica BIM (Building Information Modeling) y PPM (Project Production Management), integrados en un entorno colaborativo (Sesiones ICE), logrando proponer métricas gestión que permitan medir el correcto desarrollo de los proyectos. Esta metodología permitiría reducir los posibles reprocesos, incompatibilidades, retrabajos, con la finalidad de optimizar costos, tiempo y calidad de los proyectos a ejecutar, cumpliendo así las expectativas de la organización y del proyecto. / The purpose of this research work is to reduce the existing knowledge gap in the face of the use of a traditional methodology for the execution of infrastructure projects, towards the application of new trends, technologies and methodologies such as VDC (Virtual Design and construction), focused on projects in the retail sector. in order to create a baseline of continuous improvement for the organization. Today, the infrastructure projects developed by the organization, which we have taken as a case study, owner of NSE (DC) supermarkets in the country, are executed with a traditional, non-collaborative project methodology, which usually have as common denominator a large number of incompatibilities and uncertainties seen during the execution phase of the project; added to a late response to the information requirements, resulting in a delivery outside the agreed deadline, deviations in the projected initial costs and discomfort and discomfort on the part of the organization. For this, an implementation proposal based on the use of the VDC methodology is proposed, being supported by the technological tool BIM (Building Information Modeling) and PPM (Project Production Management), integrated in a collaborative environment (ICE Sessions), managing to propose Management metrics that allow measuring the correct development of projects. This methodology would make it possible to reduce possible rework, incompatibilities, rework, in order to optimize costs, time and quality of the projects to be executed, thus meeting the expectations of the organization and the project. / Tesis

En el presente trabajo de investigación explicaremos las acciones de social media marketing que aplican los supermercados de Lima Metropolitana para incrementar su conocimiento de marca. Las acciones que se trabajarán son las siguientes: “customization”, la cual consiste en personalizar el contenido que ofrecen para diferenciarlo de su competencia. “Entertainment”, la cual consiste en publicar contenido de carácter lúdico en sus perfiles. “Interaction” permite intercambiar opiniones sobre productos o marcas. El “eWOM” se refiere a las comunicaciones realizadas por clientes potenciales, reales o anteriores sobre un producto, marca o empresa. Y “trendiness” que se refiere a la medida en que una marca comunica la información más reciente y actualizada. También, se desarrollarán cada una de las acciones que ellos aplican y los beneficios que traen para la empresa, no solo en el ámbito publicitario, también en el económico porque se ha demostrado que los medios digitales permiten un mayor alcance a un precio más accesible, si se compara con las campañas publicitarias masivas que tienen un costo elevado. Además, se realizará una breve acotación sobre la importancia de mantener el contacto con los clientes en las redes sociales y de cómo estas facilitan la comunicación entre las empresas y los consumidores. Por último, se mencionará que acciones de social media marketing aplicaron algunos supermercados de Lima durante la pandemia mundial por el COVID-19 para poder seguir incrementando sus clientes en épocas de crisis. / In this research paper we will explain the social media marketing actions applied by the supermarkets of Metropolitan Lima to increase their brand awareness. The actions that will be developed are the following: “customization”, which consists of personalizing the content they offer to differentiate it from its competition. "Entertainment", which consists of publishing content of a playful nature on their profiles. "Interaction" allows you to exchange opinions about products or brands. "eWOM" refers to the communications made by potential, actual or former customers about a product, brand or company. By last, “trendiness” refers to the extent to which a brand communicates the most recent and up-to-date information. Also, each of the actions that they apply and the benefits they bring to the company will be explained, not only in the advertising field, but also in the economic field because it has been shown that digital media allows a greater reach at a more accessible price, when compared to massive advertising campaigns that have a high cost. In addition, a brief statement will be made about the importance of maintaining contact with customers on social networks and how these facilitate communication between companies and consumers. Finally, it will be mentioned which social media marketing actions were applied by certain supermarkets in Lima during the worldwide pandemic due to COVID-19 in order to continue increasing their customers in times of crisis. / Trabajo de investigación

Despite the fact that cogeneration (CHP) and tri-generation (CHCP) are among the most efficient ways to produce electricity and thermal energy, there is still some unexploited potential for these techniques. One could say that the circumstances for using these techniques are better now than ever. Some of the reasons for applying CHP and CHCP are: the techniques are well understood, their application could generate some profit, and the required technology is available. Moreover, there is increasing concern in regards to energy security, the need to increase the energy efficiency in power generation and distribution as well as to lower the emissions from fossil fuel combustion. CHP/CHCP promoters and developers face difficulties when analyzing the conditions and proposing a plan of application. On one hand, there are some external barriers which have to be torn down by means of energy regulation schemes. These may include economic incentives, easy and safe interconnection to the grid to export electricity and have backup if necessary, and access to the market to sell the surplus of electricity at a fair price. On the other hand, there are some internal barriers such as the difficulty evaluating potential energy savings, emission reduction, and economic performance of a project based on the circumstances of a specific site; lack of awareness; unwillingness to invest in CHP/CHCP projects; and difficulty in selecting and sizing the equipment which would give the maximum benefits in terms of life cycle cost, energy savings and emission reduction. Nowadays, it is possible to develop software tools which use simulations and optimization algorithms to evaluate several options, compare them and chose the ones that give the optimum performance with respect to an objective function defined by the user. In this project, the general context for the application of cogeneration and tri-generation projects was studied including factors which have an impact on its feasibility and performance. Moreover, a survey of the exiting feasibility analysis tools was done, and a case study was chosen and analyzed. Next, a model was developed using the software Trnsys for the simulation and Matlab for the optimization. The model was tested by evaluating the study case. The result of the simulation and optimization gives several possible equipment size combinations. The tradeoff between two different objective functions such as net present value and primary energy savings or emission reduction is presented in Pareto front diagrams. The main conclusion of this project is that by using Trnsys and Matlab, it is possible to develop more complex models which, when applying optimization algorisms, could become a very useful and helpful tool that CHP/CHCP developers could use to speed up the analysis of projects while contributing to the goal of deploying these techniques.

La competencia entre las distintas marcas de la industria de consumo masivo es cada vez más fuerte. Los actores principales, que son las distintas empresas que compiten con sus marcas implementan sus mejores estrategias para conseguir captar una mayor cuota de mercado. En este escenario los supermercados juegan un rol importante, los cuales buscan captar mayor share y reconocimiento entre su competencia, de esta forma nacen las marcas propias o conocidas también como marcas blancas. Estas abarcan todas las líneas y extensiones de productos bajo el nombre del Supermercado, estos productos los fabrican empresas reconocidas de la industria de consumo masivo. En este sentido, las amas de casa tienen un rol muy importante, ellas determinan que marca se adecua a sus expectativas. Por ende, en la presente investigación se va a evaluar la relación del marketing mix, y cada una de sus 6 dimensiones (precio, distribución, promoción, promoción en tienda, promoción monetaria y comunicación en tienda), con el valor de marca respecto a la elección de la marca Bell’s por parte de las amas de casa del distrito de Surco. La metodología empleada fue no experimental con un alcance descriptivo y correlacional, la cual maneja la siguiente estructura: En primer lugar, se hizo una entrevista a profundidad a un experto en investigación de mercados de Supermercados Peruanos, con el objetivo de conocer el performance de la marca Bell’s en Plaza Vea. Por último, se aplicaron 287 encuestas para determinar la relación del marketing mix en el valor de marca de la marca propia Bell’s. / The competition between the different brands of the mass consumption industry is getting stronger, since this market moves millions of soles in the country. The main players that are the different companies that compete with their brands implement their best strategies to capture a greater market share. In this scenario, supermarkets play an important role, which seek to capture greater share and recognition among their competition, thus creating their own brands or also known as private labels. Private labels are the entire product line and line extensions under the Supermarket name and these products are manufactured by recognized companies in the mass consumer industry. In this sense, housewives have a very important role since they determine which brand is the one that works according to their expectations. Therefore, in this research will assess, the relationship of the marketing mix, and each of their 6 dimensions (price, distribution, promotion, in-store promotion, monetary promotion and in-store communication), with the brand equity with respect to the choice of the Bell's brand by housewives in the Surco district. The methodology used was non-experimental with a descriptive and correlational scope, which manages the following structure: First, an in-depth interview was conducted with an expert in market research at Supermercados Peruanos, with the aim of knowing the performance of the brand Bell’s in Plaza Vea. Finally, 287 surveys were applied to determine the relationship of the marketing mix in the brand equity of Bell's private label. / Tesis

Poder comprar en un supermercado sin conocer la información sobre productos específicos hoy en día puede generar un gran estrés y perdida de tiempo sobre las personas, así como un dinero gastado de más si es que hay ofertas existentes en días específicos y los desconocemos, o quizás conocer en que supermercado el mismo producto se encuentra más cómodo . Muy aparte de ello, poder ir a un supermercado hoy en día en tiempos de pandemia puede significar un contagio, largas colas, perder tiempo valioso para poder compartir en familia. Es por ello, que a partir de este problema nace la idea de EasyMarket, el cual tiene como propósito principal brindar a las soluciones a las necesidades propuestas por la sociedad. El proyecto EasyMarket consiste en demostrar la viabilidad de nuestra propuesta de negocio, la cual se basa en la creación de un aplicativo móvil llamado EasyMarket, la cual fue creada por la necesidad de muchas personas de poder encontrar precios más baratos de productos en supermercados y que se encuentren cerca a su domicilio. La aplicación puede ser usada entre los usuarios de un rango de edad de 18 a 55 años de Lima metropolitana y servirá para que en un solo lugar puedan comparar precios de los diferentes supermercados, ver qué productos están disponibles, qué ofertas hay, dónde está el supermercado, así como ayudar a identificar los productos idóneos para aquellas personas que sufran de enfermedades como diabetes, sean fitness y deseen consumir diversos productos saludables (libre de gluten, bajas calorías). De esta manera, el cliente podrá conseguir los mejores precios cerca de casa, con el fin de lograr un ahorro en tiempo y dinero. Por medio de esta investigación se indetificó que el principal problema se basa en la dificultad de las personas de no contar con un aplicativo que les permita tener la posibilidad de encontrar precios y ofertas de productos de supermercados al mismo tiempo, de manera fácil y rápida. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se realizó un análisis de cada uno de los factores involucrados en el business model canva, tales como segmento de clientes, socios claves, competidores, estructura de costos, entre otros. De la misma manera, se desarrolló el Plan Financiero, que nos permitió identificar si le proyecto era viable o no. Finalmente, pudimos conocer que desde el primer año se obtiene una utilidad neta positiva y a medida que pasa los años, dicho monto se encuentra en aumento, lo cual permitira generar una mayor inversion constantemente. / Being able to shop in a supermarket without knowing the information about specific products today can generate great stress and waste of time on people, as well as money spent too much if there are existing offers on specific days and we do not know them, or perhaps to know in which supermarket the same product is more comfortable. Apart from that, being able to go to a supermarket today in times of pandemic can mean a contagion, long queues, losing valuable time to share with the family. That is why, from this problem the idea of EasyMarket was born, which has as main purpose to provide solutions to the needs proposed by society. The EasyMarket project consists of demonstrating the viability of our business proposal, which is based on the creation of a mobile application called EasyMarket, which was created by the need of many people to find cheaper prices of products in supermarkets and that are close to their home. The application can be used by users between 18 and 55 years of age in metropolitan Lima and will allow them to compare prices of different supermarkets in one place, see what products are available, what offers are available, where the supermarket is, as well as help identify the ideal products for those who suffer from diseases such as diabetes, are fitness and wish to consume various healthy products (gluten-free, low calories). In this way, the customer will be able to get the best prices close to home, in order to save time and money. Through this research it was determined that the main problem is based on the difficulty of people not having an application that allows them to have the ability to find prices and offers of supermarket products at the same time, easily and quickly. To carry out this project, an analysis of each of the factors involved in the business model canva was performed, such as customer segment, key partners, competitors, cost structure, among others. In the same way, the Financial Plan was developed, which allowed us to identify whether the project was viable or not. Finally, we were able to learn that from the first year a positive net profit is obtained and as the years go by, this amount is increasing, which will allow us to generate a higher investment constantly. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad el e-commerce presenta un acelerado crecimiento, principalmente en el último año donde el usuario ha ido cambiando sus hábitos y comportamientos en el proceso de compra. En la categoría de supermercados, los consumidores acostumbraban realizar sus compras de primera necesidad de forma presencial, mientras que hoy en día el e-commerce adquiere un mayor valor, es por ello que los retailers deben tener en cuenta las variables a considerar. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relación entre la Satisfacción del cliente, el brand image y la intención de compra de la generación X en el canal e-commerce de los supermercados. Se va a proponer hacer una muestra de 400 personas, no probabilística y se trabajará análisis variados y multivariados en SPSS y SmartPLS. / Nowadays, e-commerce shows rapid growth, mainly in the last year where the user has been changing their habits and behaviors in the purchase process. In the supermarkets category, consumers used to make their essential purchases in person, while today e-commerce acquires greater value, which is why retailers must take into account the variables to be considered. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between customer satisfaction, the brand image and the purchase intention of generation X in the e-commerce channel of supermarkets. A non-probabilistic sample of 400 people will be proposed, and varied and multivariate analyzes will be carried out in SPSS and SmartPLS. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo es analizar este comportamiento, a través de las variables del modelo TAM respecto en las plataformas e-commerce y su relación con la intención de compra en la categoría de supermercados online. De esta manera, se recopilaron diferentes papers para profundizar en el modelo desde su origen, y estudiar así, las variables permanentes del modelo como la actitud hacia el uso, utilidad percibida, facilidad e intención de uso de los usuarios respecto a las promociones en dichas plataformas e identificar las relaciones que se desarrollan con la intención de compra a través del modelo y así nos brindar una visión integradora. Para su realización además se contará con un estudio cuantitativo que consiste en una encuesta realizada a 400 personas que cumplen con las características de ser hombres y mujeres entre 25 y 35 años de edad que han comprado vía online en plataformas webs de los supermercados en el último año, esto servirá para responder a las hipótesis y objetivos planteados por parte de los autores. / The present work is to analyze this behavior, through the variables of the TAM model regarding promotions on e-commerce platforms and their relationship with purchase intention in the online supermarket category. In this way, different papers were compiled to delve into the model from its origin, and thus study the permanent variables of the model such as attitude towards use, perceived utility, ease and intention of use of users regarding promotions in said platforms and identify the relationships that are developed with the purchase intention through the model and thus provide us with an integrative vision. To carry it out, there will also be a quantitative study consisting of a survey of 400 people who meet the characteristics of being men and women between 25 and 35 years of age who have bought online on supermarket web platforms in the last year, this will serve to respond to the hypotheses and objectives raised by the authors. / Trabajo de investigación

Supermarkets have a high energy demand where almost half of the energy is used within the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system utilises a cycle where heat is taken and rejected. The rejected heat could be recovered and utilised for other purposes, such as covering internal heating demand or be exported to other facilities. Implementation of heat recovery could create business opportunities between the supermarket and other actors involved. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential for heat export from the refrigeration system insupermarkets to neighbours. Case studies were conducted on three different supermarkets in Sweden. This project evaluated field measurements for the current heat recovery within the systems, investigated heat recovery during optimal operation conditions as well as a techno-economic analysis of the heatrecovery system. All three supermarkets within the study recovered heat in the current configuration. In both CG Ytterby and CG Eskilstuna, the recovered heat covered the majority of the internal heating demand. Nevertheless, there was a great potential to recover more heat, since most of the heat was rejected through the gas cooler. The system was also limited by the discharge pressure and the return temperature in the heat recovery unit. The techno-economic analyses indicated that all supermarkets had the potential to cover both internal heating demand with the recovered heat, as well as produce excess to export. It was observed to be more profitable to disconnect from the DHN and become self-sufficient. Heat export from supermarkets would create new innovative business models which can be profitable for both the supermarket and the heat consumer. To produce excess heat, the system had to operate at optimal conditions, increasing electricity usage and hence associated operational costs. This demonstrated the importance of revenues to make it an economically feasible solution. / Livsmedelsbutiker har ett högt energibehov där nästan hälften av energin används i kylsystemet. Kylsystemen använder sig av en cykel där värme tas upp och avges. Den värme som avges kan återvinnas och användas för andra ändamål, till exempel för att täcka internt värmebehov eller exporteras till andra fastigheter och därmed skapa affärsmöjligheter för livsmedelsbutiken. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka potentialen för export av värme från kylsystemet i livsmedelsbutiker. Fallstudier genomfördes för tre olika livsmedelsbutiker i Sverige. Projektet utvärderade fältmätningar för aktuell värmeåtervinning inom systemen, undersökte värmeåtervinning under optimala driftförhållanden samt utförde en teknisk-ekonomisk analys av värmeåtervinningsystemet. Livsmedelsbutikerna i studien återvann värme i den nuvarande konfigurationen. I både CG Ytterby och CG Eskilstuna täckte den återvunna värmen större delen av det interna värmebehovet och det fanns en stor potential att återvinna mer värme, eftersom majoriteten av värmen släpps ut genom gaskylaren. Systemet begränsades även av trycket efter kompressorerna och returtemperaturen i värmeåtervinningsenheten. De teknoekonomiska analyserna visade att alla livsmedelsbutiker hade potential att täcka internt värmebehov med den återvunna värmen, samt producera överskott för export. Det var även observerat att vara mer lönsamt att koppla från fjärrvärmenätverket och bli självförsörjande. Export av värme från livsmedelsbutiker skapar nya innovativa affärsmodeller som kan vara lönsamma för både livsmedelsbutiker och värmekonsumenter. För att producera överskottsvärme var systemet tvunget att drivas under optimala förhållanden, vilket ökade elanvändningen och därmed tillhörande driftskostnader. Detta visade på vikten av intäkter för att göra det till en ekonomiskt genomförbar lösning.

Traditional retail with personal service is becoming scarce. The personal interaction is replaced with self service alternatives, and the consumer is now seen as a co-service producer. What is the general attitude towards the service provided within these automated experiences? Is the automated experience of service comparable to the traditional service that is expected from the customer, or is the industry moving too fast, risking the exclusion of certain consumer groups in the quest for automation? This study conducted semi-structured interviews with a broad range of consumers and used thematic analysis in an effort to discover consumers' unique motivations in regards to self service alternatives in physical stores. The result showed that most consumers are satisfied as long as the service works as intended. But when problems arise, many of the respondents point out the lack of standardization, human support, long waiting times, and control within the user interface. Findings in this study contribute to the industry by identifying traits within the technology viewed by the consumer as enablers or disablers.