La resilience dans l’humanitaire. Un concept pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques. Le concept de resilience integre l’espace humanitaire au debut du XXIe siecle. Il a pour point de depart l’ambition affichee par les ONG d'ameliorer l’impact de leurs activites sur les populations les plus vulnerables. Si le concept de resilience est ne dans les sciences physiques, son integration au milieu du XXe siecle dans de multiples domaines de recherche : environnement, economie, psychologie et politique, le dote aujourd’hui de diverses interpretations et definitions. Au travers de ses racines multiples, cette integration est, par deduction, limitée par la complexite a trouver une definition, des indicateurs et une methodologie satisfaisante permettant de mesurer et donc d’ameliorer l’aide apportee aux victimes. En nous focalisant sur la gestion des catastrophes socio-climatiques, a savoir celles liees aux activites humaines sur les ecosystemes et aux phenomenes climatiques extremes, nous avons fait le choix d’interroger le sens et la portee de ce concept dans l’humanitaire. En d’autres termes, aux cote;s de ses aspects theoriques, comment apprehender la resilience pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques ?Notre etude en 2014 sur l’evolution des trajectoires de vie de 144 foyers dans le Delta des Sundarbans au sud du Bangladesh, met en lumiere une typologie de ces differentes capacites, suite aux cyclones Sidr 2007 et Aila 2009. Par ailleurs, nos resultats avancent l’idee que, si la resilience est une capacite endogene, elle interagit avec deux autres termes complementaires et polemiques qui ont integre l’espace humanitaire entre le milieu et la fin du XXe siecle : la vulnerabilite et l’adaptation des societes. Nous soutenons que, si ces trois termes sont dissociables et parfois meme contradictoires, leur chevauchement permet une analyse plus fine des capacites des foyers au sein des collectivites et des services ecosystemiques locaux. Ce qui nous permet de mettre en avant que le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire comme une notion integratrice vulnerabilite, resilience et adaptation au service d’une approche systemique de la gouvernance des catastrophes.Nous defendons que la resilience puisse aussi etre apprehendee comme une approche systemique qui bouscule le modele humanitaire, puisqu’il ne s’agit plus seulement pour repondre aux catastrophes de s’inspirer du modele classique urgence, rehabilitation et developpement mais bien de gerer tout au long du cycle d’un projet la confusion et les perceptions contradictoires de la crise et des risques. L’integration de la resilience concourt ainsi a; une modelisation de l’aide basee sur les aspects fonctionnels, structurels et operationnels de l’organisation avec une vision plus integree des systemes socio- ecologiques, a savoir la capacite des foyers a rebondir couplee a celle des services ecosystemiques locaux.Au travers des multiples polemiques qui traversent l’idee de resilience, nous assistons, si ce n’est a un bouleversement profond du paradigme humanitaire, a un enrichissement de la pensee sur la gouvernance des catastrophes et sur les modeles de l’aide qui les accompagnent. Des lors, nous posons notre question de recherche, en quoi le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire a une approche systemique et a des modeles complementaires de l’aide integres dans la relation durable societe-environnement ? / Resilience in humanitarian. A concept to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters.The concept of resilience integrates the humanitarian space in the early 21st century. Its starting point is the ambition of the NGOs to improve the impact of their activities on the most vulnerables populations. If the concept of resilience was born in the physical sciences, its integration in the mid 20th century in multiple research areas: environment, economy, psychology and politics, endows it today with various interpretations and definitions. Through its multiple roots, this integration is by deduction, limited by the complexity to find a definition, indicators and adequate methodology to measure and therefore improve assistance to victims. By focusing on managing socio-climate disasters, namely those related to human activities on ecosystems and extreme climate events, we have chosen to question the meaning and scope of this concept in humanitarian. In other words, the side of its theoretical aspects, how to understand resilience to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters?We put forward the idea that resilience is a concept. In the sense that resilience is a general idea that helps to organize knowledge on multiple and complex rebounds capacity of an entity following a shock. Our study in 2014 on the evolution of life histories of 144 homes in the Delta of the Sundarbans in Southern Bangladesh highlights a typology of different capacities following the cyclones Sidr 2007 and Aila 2009. Furthermore, our results argue the idea that if resilience is an endogenous capacity, it interacts with two additional terms and controversies that have integrated the humanitarian space between the middle and late 20th century: the vulnerability and adaptation of societies. We argue that if these three terms are severable and sometimes contradictory, their overlapping enables a more detailed analysis of issues and local socio-ecological dynamics. This allows us to point out our first hypothesis: the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian as an integrating concept serving a systemic approach to disasters governance.Finally, we defend that resilience can also be seen as a systemic approach that challenges the humanitarian model. Since it is not only taking inspiration from the classical model like planning, development, and quality control to answer to disasters, but to be able to model the confusion and conflicting perceptions of the crisis and risks. The integration of resilience contributes to a modeling aid, based on functional, structural and historical aspects of the organization with a more integrated vision of the socio-ecological systems.Through many controversies that cross the idea of resilience, we are witnessing, if this is not a profound change of paradigm in humanitarian, to an enrichment of the thought on governance of disasters, and the models of helps that goes with them. Therefore we ask our research question, how the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian to a systemic approach and innovative models of assistance that emphasize an integrated relationship society-environment?

Coral reefs and the ecological, social, and economic benefits that they provide are seriously endangered by a colossal number of threats. This study was conducted in marine protected area (MPA) in the Mexican Caribbean. The purpose of this study was to provide results that can be directly applied by MPA managers to improve coral reef conservation and management. Characterization of four coral reef sites and stressors described in a proxy map were integrated into a comparative resilience assessment. Sites ranged from 16.5% to 3.5% coral cover and 47.5% to 12% macroalgal cover. Stressor distribution and intensity was highest near the Puerto Morelos town center and followed general water current patterns. Fishing, tourism, and pollution were identified as major stressors on which management can positively influence. The results of this study provide managers throughout the Caribbean a managerial tool chest to improve management efficacy and bolster conservation initiatives.

This study investigates the resilience of coffee cooperatives and producer organizations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and explores their adaptations to the context in relation to their livelihood capitals. The changes to their operations are analyzed through the contexts of shocks, trends and stresses and how they perceived these threats. The topic of research is relevant given the economic and social importance of cooperatives in these communities and potential impacts to their operations during COVID-19, which is likely to have long-term impacts locally and within the global setting.There is a lack of consensus regarding the classification of cooperatives as resilient organizations, with much of the previous research focusing on financial crisis or natural disasters. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented event on a global scale with far-reaching impacts into social, economic and political spheres, and examining these effects is still a developing realm within academic research. The relationship of coffee producers and their organizations within the global commodity chains renders such organizations particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 and government policy interventions. Investigating how coffee cooperatives in Honduras have been operating throughout the COVID-19 pandemic assesses their potential capacity for resilience by examining how they have been impacted and the manners in which they have overcome these challenges. This further allows for increased understanding of cooperative resilience and ways in which cooperatives’ capital have the potential to impact their resilience.This research follows an abductive qualitative case study and utilizes semi-structured interviews from various coffee cooperatives and organizations in Honduras as primary sources with existing literature as secondary sources. The interviews were conducted remotely. The findings include accounts from cooperatives and producer organizations, which focus primarily on coffee production, in addition to reports from a privately owned coffee production enterprise and a cooperative member. The Vulnerability Context and Asset Pentagon, components of the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework as described by the Department for International Development, were used to analyze the data, along with variables to assess organizational resilience. The study finds that investments to organizations’ human and social capital were prioritized and heavily relied upon during this crisis and the more established organizations had a larger range of resources from which to draw upon. Nevertheless, by continuing to develop and expand on human and social capital, cooperative organizations can increase their capacity for resilience.

Spirituality is a multidimensional construct that refers to the experience of self-transcendence and connection with a higher sacred reality. Previous research has demonstrated that spirituality represents a consistent resilience factor for stress and a range of stress-related mental disorders, but neural mechanisms by which spirituality confers resilience are unknown. This paper focuses on intrinsic spirituality, or the extent to which spirituality functions as a master motive in one’s life regardless of religious affiliation, and reviews the research literature on behaviors and brain structures and functions related to intrinsic spirituality. Additionally, literature is reviewed on adaptive and maladaptive functions of the stress response, its relationship to psychopathology, and its underlying neurobiology. To understand neural responses underlying the link between intrinsic spirituality and stress, the current study utilized a script-guided imagery task to assess brain activity during a stress exposure. Results showed that during a stressful experience higher intrinsic spirituality is associated with greater deactivation in the hippocampus, brain stem, ventral striatum, thalamus, extending to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), as well as in another cluster comprising of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right inferior parietal lobule. These regions are implicated in stress responsiveness, emotional and cognitive processing, and self-referential processing. While preliminary, results provide a potential neural substrate for how spirituality may influence stress processing. Moreover, they suggest a role for spirituality in attenuating neural responses to stress responsivity, regulating emotion during exposure to stress, and preventing and treating stress-related psychopathology.

[pt] No contexto atual, as mudanças cotidianas cada vez mais rápidas e profundas exigem que os indivíduos estejam capacitados a enfrentar e vencer situações adversas e delas saírem fortalecidos. Esta competência, denominada resiliência, é o tema deste trabalho que tem como objetivo analisar como as características de resiliência identificadas em lideranças organizacionais favoreceram a implantação de uma nova estratégia de comunicação corporativa. Para o estudo da questão foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva e analítica aplicada ao caso de uma empresa de mídia e entretenimento que passou recentemente por um processo de evolução em sua estratégia de comunicação corporativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com oito líderes da área de comunicação corporativa da empresa analisada. Nessas entrevistas foram avaliadas a resiliência organizacional da área, com base no construto de Hamel & Välikangas (2003), e os níveis de resiliência individual, através da aplicação de questionário desenvolvido por Wagnild & Young (1993, 2011) em sua versão traduzida e validada para o português (PESCE et al., 2005). Os principais resultados da pesquisa sugerem, em linha com os referenciais de Wagnild (2011), Ojeda (1997) e Lengnick-Hall et al. (2011), entre outros, que diversas características de resiliência identificadas nas lideranças - notadamente perseverança, iniciativa, capacidade de se relacionar e flexibilidade - facilitaram o desenvolvimento e a implantação do novo modelo de comunicação corporativa para a empresa estudada, através da criação de um ambiente propício à pesquisa, ao aprendizado, à criatividade e à experimentação. Esses resultados também indicam que o ambiente acima descrito permitiu à empresa enfrentar, com sucesso, os desafios cognitivo, estratégico, político e ideológico preconizados por Hamel & Välikangas (2003), podendo ser caracterizada como uma organização resiliente. Adicionalmente verificou-se que, tomando por base a escala aplicada, as lideranças apresentaram, em sua maior parte, níveis elevados de resiliência (WAGNILD, 2011). / [en] In the current context, where everyday changes are faster and deeper, individuals are demanded to be ready and show ability to deal and surpass adverse situations, becoming in the process stronger and more prepared than before. This competence, called resilience, is the subject of this research, which has the objective to analyze how resilience characteristics identified on organizational leaders facilitated the implementation of a new corporate communication strategy. To study this issue a descriptive and analytical research has been done, applied to a case of a media and entertainment company that recently has passed through an evolutionary process in its corporate communication strategy. Eight in deep interviews have been conducted with leaders of the corporate communication area at the researched company. Based on these interviews, the area’s organizational resilience has been evaluated using the Hamel & Välikangas (2003) construct as a basis. The leaders’ individual resilience level has been assessed by the administration of the Resilience Scale developed by Wagnild & Young (1993, 2011), in its version translated and validated to Portuguese (Pesce et al., 2005). The main results of the research suggest, in line with the Wagnild (2011), Ojeda (1997) and Lengnick-Hall et al. (2011) references, among others, that several resilience characteristics identified on leaders of the studied area – mainly perseverance, initiative, relationship ability and flexibility – facilitated the development and implementation of the new corporate communication model by fostering an environment favorable to research, learning, creativity and experimentation. These results also demonstrate that the above mentioned environment allowed the company to successfully deal with the Cognitive, Strategic, Political and Ideological challenges stated by Hamel & Välikangas (2003), and so could be considered a resilient organization. Furthermore, based on the resilience scale administrated, leaders of the researched area showed, in their majority, a high resilience level (Wagnild, 2011).

Research studies have pointed to specific challenges for undocumented Latino immigrants including exploitation in the workplace (Stoddard, 1976), denial of health care (Angel, Frias & Hill, 2005; Passel, 2005) and lack of access to higher education (Seif, 2004). In addition, fear is never far from their consciousness. Fear of being identified as illegal and faced with possible arrest and deportation are realities for undocumented Latino immigrants. Both work and home are unsafe, particularly because of immigration raids by federal agents. In addition they are stigmatized by mainstream society (Padilla & Perez, 2003). Even the word "undocumented" has been used interchangeably with words like "illegal" and "alien" suggesting criminal behavior. These hardships make it difficult for these immigrants to become part of mainstream society and create barriers to opportunities. All of these factors should logically discourage Latin Americans from immigrating to the United States. However, both the documented and undocumented Latino populations in the United States continue to increase. Although the situation of new Latino immigrants, especially those who are undocumented, seems extremely difficult, there is something unexplained occurring that has not been accounted for in current research that allows them to survive these hardships. In addition, there is a gap in information about the immigration process gathered from immigrants themselves. Therefore, this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to learn from undocumented immigrants about their experiences when they first came to the United States and how they negotiate their situation while living in the United States. The major findings of this study offer an inside look into the world of undocumented Latino immigrants. The obstacles these immigrants face were language barriers, limited education and unfair wages at work. On the other hand, they also identify facilitators that were helpful during their initial transition into the U.S such as getting help in finding a job, knowing someone in the United States before immigrating, being connected to support networks, and receiving support from others who shared their struggles. However, these findings do not reflect the whole story. Even though most of these Latino immigrants underwent stress and adversity as new undocumented immigrants, the study shows how they transformed their suffering using their personal strengths and drawing on support from a close-knit community. At the same time they maintained their cultural identity both in their immigrant community and within the larger community where they resided. An additional factor which contributed to their survival was that this particular community is unique in preserving the different cultures of ethnic groups rather than fusing them into a "melting pot." Recommendations for practice include using a strengths perspective with clients and community; recommendations for teaching include using interdisciplinary educational strategies and involving students in experiential learning experiences with immigrants. Additional recommendation for policy and research are made.

Little research has examined the effect of non-cancer life stressors on psychological well-being and recurrence in patients with cancer, and results have been mixed. Furthermore, no studies have examined specific types of stress, including loss, danger, and entrapment in patients with cancer, utilizing data obtained from the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Given that specifics stressors have been associated with certain psychological responses, this study sought to obtain a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between life stress and psychological well-being. This was examined in a sample of 135 women with ovarian cancer prior to surgery and during the year after diagnosis using latent growth curve analyses. Models of protective psychosocial resources examining social support, mastery, self-acceptance, and purpose in life as potential moderators and mediators of the relationship between life stress and psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated. Results indicated that cancer-related losses were most closely associated with psychological well-being across several analyses, and non-cancer losses had the greatest impact on psychological outcomes when cancer-related loss was low. Non-cancer losses were significantly related to greater fatigue prior to surgery. Additionally, major non-cancer danger stressors were associated with greater distress prior to surgery. In this sample, no stressors were significantly related to cancer recurrence. Social support was the most consistent moderator of life stress on psychological well-being, and its effects on distress and depression at baseline were mediated through self-acceptance. These findings highlight the importance of both cancer- and non-cancer-related stressors on psychological wellbeing among cancer patients in their first year following surgery and furthers our understanding of the role of protective psychosocial factors. This study has significant implications for distress screenings in patients with cancer, psychological interventions, and future research.

Family resilience is bandied about construct that is used rather imprecisely, including with its measurement. Although family resilience is now in its third wave (Henry, Morris & Harrist, 2015), findings from qualitative research and case studies are as, if not more, plentiful than those from quantitative research (e.g., author cites; Anderson, Amanor-Boadu, Stith, & Foster, 2015; Jackson, Wolven, & Aguilera, 2013). Until the development of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ) in 2015, a family level resilience instrument based on Walsh’s theoretical framework (2003) was not readily available. Thus, the debate of qualitative versus quantitative measurement of family resilience continues. The purpose of the proposed roundtable is to continue the debate by discussing the relative merit of qualitative and quantitative approaches to the measurement of family resilience. The roundtable will conclude with a discussion about the importance of cultural competence in family resilience research (author cite; Walsh, 2015).

In this student presentation, the focus is on resilience in cross cultural contexts as experienced by foster and adoptive families. The topic is explored from the point of view of the child primarily, and the parents welcoming that child into their family system secondarily; it is a bidirectional interaction. By reviewing literature on childhood turbulence, blogs written by foster/adoptive parents, and considering personal experiences, several distinct challenges stood out. Resilience is strengthened by mutual support to handle challenges constructively. The entire system can collaborate to facilitate and maintain resilience from a family systems perspective. A children’s book was written to illustrate a family’s transitional process in foster care/adoption. Stemming from unique personal perspectives on cross-cultural fostering/adoption, paralleled with a desire to make this information child friendly, this short story was told from the viewpoint of a young child learning to manage expectations and challenges while gaining a new sibling through adoption.

Climate patterns over the past century served to amplify the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards, including flooding, wind and heat. While indicators like SoVi and BRIC begin to characterize how people and places fair against hazards, they can be limited in scope. Through the administration of household surveys, I investigate the usefulness of such indicators by examining the roles communication, infrastructure, institutional efforts, financial independence, knowledge, mobility and social capital play in producing resilience within the Estates of Fort Lauderdale Community in Dania Beach, FL. While results confirm BRIC’s Medium-High Resilience community classification, they push beyond Census data to pinpoint underlying resilience processes. Responses indicate community classification, they push beyond Census data to pinpoint underlying resilience processes. Responses indicate that place attachment and community connectedness encourage weather-related information sharing, limited experiences and skills impede weather preparedness and response actions, and weather preparedness and response experiences are associated with less evacuation than expected. Findings prove to be richer and more policy and program actionable. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection