Orientador: Orly Zucatto Mantovani de Assis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T10:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Precoma_ElianeCleoniceAlves_D.pdf: 1505294 bytes, checksum: 6dcd81b9edcebb0ae14bda261817d57e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Résumé: Cette recherche étudie les représentations de la violence révélées par les enfants, lesadolescents et leurs familles en situation de risque social. L'étude a été realisée auprès desenfants et des adolescents qui sont hébergés dans la petite ferme "Meninos de 4 Pinheiros", organisation non-gouvernementale, située à Mandirituba, région métropolitaine de Curitiba- Paraná - Brésil, qui acceuille quatre-vingts enfants qui ont vécu des situations de vulnérabilité sociale. Le protocole de recherche, spécialement développé pour cette enquête, se compose de sept histoires sur la violence, afin de caractériser le cycle de la violence subie par les enfants ET les adolescents à risque et la vulnérabilité sociale. Les histoires portent sur la violence familiale - psychologique, les abus physiques et sexuels; la violence de rue - la violence policière, laconsommation de drogues et la violence commise par les touristes; la violence à l?école ET l'acte infractionnel d?adolescent. Pour le recueil des données nous avons utilisé le protocole, appliqué em conformité avec les directives de la méthode clinique-critique (PIAGET, 1978, 1994, 2002; DELVAL, 2001, 2002; ASSIS, 2002, 2005), en ce sens, les histoires ont été présentées aux participants pour comprendre "ce qui et comment" ils pensent des histoires sur la violence et d'enquêter sur le pourquoi de leurs réponses. Le problème qui a guidé cette recherche: "à partir du jugement des histoires de violence, qui sont les représentations révélées par les enfants et les adolescents dans la situation de risque social? Et quelles sont lês représentations révélées par leurs familles?". Les objectifs de cette recherche: 1) Identifier ET analyser les représentations de la violence chez les enfants et les adolescents qui ont subi dês violences, ainsi que d'enquêter de telles représentations dans leurs familles; 2) Identifier l'histoire de la vie des enfants et des adolescents et l'histoire de vie de leurs familles, ainsi que les types de violence qu'ils subissent; 3) Déduire les implications pédagogiques-sociales liées à la prévention des violences. Dans l'analyse des données obtenues dans les dix-sept entretienscliniques, les représentations révélées par les personnes interrogées ont été classées en deux groupes, le premier groupe de représentations facteurs de risque associés, qui interfèrent ET entravent le développement de l'enfant et de l'adolescent; et le second groupe composé de représentations associées à des facteurs de protection qui favorisent le développement global des enfants et des adolescents. L'analyse de toutes les représentations a permis la définition de catégories qui sont explicatives et constitutives de la paire dialectique: violence/résilience, qui soutient le développement de la thèse de ce travail, basé sur le fait qu'en investigant la violence il est également possible d'identifier les facteurs de protection et les histoires de résilience. Le processus d'analyse des représentations de violence a permis de déduire neuf implications pédagogique-sociales, qui dénotent leurs perspectives éducatives et préventives, relatives àla planification, au développement et à l'évaluation des actions, projets, programmes et politiques publiques pour prévenir la violence, avec l?intention de développer la résilience des enfants, des adolescents et de leurs familles. / Resumo: A presente pesquisa investigou as representações de violência reveladas por crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias em situação de risco social. A investigação foi realizada com crianças e adolescentes abrigados na Chácara Meninos de 4 Pinheiros, organização nãogovernamental, localizada em Mandirituba, região metropolitana de Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil, e que abriga oitenta meninos que viveram situações de vulnerabilidade social. O protocolo de pesquisa, elaborado especialmente para esta investigação, é composto por sete histórias sobre violência, com vistas a caracterizar o ciclo de violências sofrido por crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco e de vulnerabilidade social. As histórias apresentam enredos sobre violência na família - violência psicológica, abuso físico e sexual; violência na rua - violência policial, consumo de drogas e violência cometida por turista; violência na escola e ato infracional cometido por adolescente. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o referido protocolo, aplicado de acordo com as orientações do método clínico crítico (PIAGET, 1978; 1994; 2002; DELVAL, 2001; 2002; ASSIS, 2002; 2005), as histórias foram apresentadas para crianças, adolescentes e membros de suas famílias, visando compreender "o quê e como" eles pensam sobre as histórias a violência, investigando os porquês de suas respostas. O problema que orientou esta investigação: "a partir do julgamento de histórias de violência, quais são as representações reveladas por crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco social? E quais são as representações reveladas por suas famílias?". Os seguintes objetivos direcionaram a investigação: 1) Identificar e analisar as representações de violência em crianças e adolescentes que sofreram violências, assim como investigar tais representações em suas famílias; 2) Identificar, por meio de entrevistas com coordenador da instituição e com educadores-aprendizes, a história de vida de crianças e adolescentes abrigados, e respectivamente a história de vida de suas famílias, assim como os tipos de violências sofridas por eles; 3) Inferir implicações pedagógico-sociais relacionadas com a prevenção da violência, que envolvam as representações reveladas por crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias. Na análise de dados obtidos nas dezessete entrevistas clínicas, as representações reveladas pelos sujeitos entrevistados foram classificadas em dois grupos, o primeiro grupo composto por representações associadas aos fatores de risco, que interferem e comprometem o desenvolvimento integral da criança e do adolescente; e o segundo grupo, composto por representações associadas aos fatores de proteção que potencializam o desenvolvimento integral de crianças e adolescentes. A análise do conjunto de representações possibilitou a definição de categorias que são explicativas e constitutivas do par dialético: violência/resiliência, que fundamenta a elaboração da tese deste trabalho, pautada na defesa de que ao investigar violência, foi possível identificar também os fatores de proteção e as histórias de resiliência. As histórias de vida de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias em situação de risco social são caracterizadas e relacionadas às representações reveladas pelos sujeitos. O processo de análise das representações de violência possibilitou inferir nove implicações pedagógico-sociais, que denotam suas perspectivas, educativa e preventiva, relacionadas ao planejamento, desenvolvimento e avaliação de ações, projetos, programas e políticas públicas de prevenção da violência, visando potencializar a resiliência de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias. / Abstract: The present research had investigated the representations of violence revealed by children, adolescents and their families in social risk. The study was conducted with children and adolescents sheltered at Chácara Meninos de 4 Pinheiros, a non-governmental organization, located in Mandirituba, metropolitan region of Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil, which houses shelter eighty children who have experienced situations of social vulnerability. The research protocol, especially designed for this investigation, consists on seven stories about violence, in order to characterize the cycle of violence suffered by children and adolescents in risk and social vulnerability. The stories feature plots about family violence - psychological, physical and sexual abuse, street violence - police violence, drug use and violence committed by tourists, school violence and misdemeanors committed by adolescents. The research methodology is guided by critical clinical method (PIAGET, 1978, 1994, 2002; DELVAL, 2001, 2002; ASSIS, 2002, 2005), in this sense, the stories were presented to children, adolescents and members of their families to understand "what and how" they think about the stories of violence, investigating the whys of their responses. The problem that guided this investigation: "from the judgment of violence history, which are the representations revealed by children and adolescents in social risk? And what are the representations revealed by their families? ". The following objectives guided the research: 1) Identify and analyze the representations of violence in children and adolescents who have suffered violence, as well as investigate any such representations in their families, 2) Identify, through interviews with the coordinator of the institution-learners and educators, the life story of sheltered children and adolescents, respectively, and the life history of their families, as well as the types of violence suffered by them, 3) Infer implications pedagogical and social issues related to violence prevention, involving representations revealed of children, adolescents and their families. In the analysis of data obtained with these seventeen clinical interviews, the representations revealed were classified into two groups, the first group of representations was associated with risk factors, which interfere and hamper the development of the child and adolescent, and the second group was composed by representations associated with protective factors that enhance the overall development of children and adolescents. The analysis of all possible representations have turned possible the definition of categories, that are explanatory and constitutive dialectical pair: violence/resilience, that underlies the development of the thesis of this work, based on the defense that when violence were investigated, it was also possible to identify protective factors and stories of resilience. The life stories of children, adolescents and their families in social risk are characterized and related to representations revealed by the subjects. The process of analysis the violence representations infer to nine possible social-teaching implications, which denote their educational and preventive perspectives, related to planning, development and evaluation of actions, projects, programs and policies to prevent violence in order to enhance the resilience of children, adolescents and their families. / Doutorado / Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação / Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Zacarias Pereira Borges / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AltimarCostada_D.pdf: 3836672 bytes, checksum: 7a1ce88b5f391179fc07a0177cf2c69c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa foi norteada pelo seguinte problema: Diante das múltiplas mudanças paradigmáticas, da problemática que envolve a gestão educacional e do contexto que organiza e estrutura o sistema de ensino paulista, é possível a proposição de uma gestão educacional resiliente? Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo do trabalho é se constituir num estudo que pretende analisar as possibilidades para a instituição da resiliência como um fundamento essencial da gestão educacional num contexto de mudanças paradigmáticas, culminando com a proposição de uma gestão educacional resiliente com os seus quatro pressupostos: a resiliência como uma mudança epistemológica e paradigmática; a resiliência como manifestação energética da vontade de potência; a resiliência como modelo salutogênico e a resiliência como transcendência, bem como, com a sua característica principal de gestão educacional resiliente como pessoa resiliente, trazendo os aspectos da responsabilidade, autonomia, flexibilidade, solidariedade, abertura e inteligência. Os métodos de pesquisa utilizados foram o bibliográfico e o comparativo. O capítulo cinco está dividido em duas partes. A primeira trata dos resultados de uma pesquisa documental sobre os registros dos gestores no Curso Programa de Desenvolvimento Gerencial (PDG) Educação: Gestão Escolar e a Política Educacional. A outra apresenta os resultados de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Forneceram suporte às duas técnicas de pesquisa: o paradigma sistêmico, a abordagem qualitativa e o método de interpretação de sentidos. Foram diversos os posicionamentos dos Diretores de Escola e dos Supervisores de Ensino, que encontraram pertinência e estabeleceram vínculo com o conceito de resiliência. Somando-se todas as reflexões empreendidas através da fundamentação teórica, as observações extraídas tanto na pesquisa documental como na entrevista semi-estruturada, acentuou-se a intenção de sugerir a incorporação da proposta de uma gestão educacional resiliente como um caminho possível não apenas para a Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo, mas para os demais organismos e sistemas educacionais que enfrentam os fatores de risco. / Abstract: This research was leaded by the following issue: considering the multiple paradigmatic changes, the problems that involves the educational management and the context that organize and structure the São Paulo State's teaching system, is it possible the proposition of a resilient educational management? In this perspective, the objective of this work is to build in a study that intend to analyze the possibilities for the institution of resilience as an essential fundament of educational management in a context of paradigmatic changes, culminating with the proposition of a resilient educational management with its four assumptions: the resilience as an epistemological and paradigmatic change; the resilience as an energetic manifestation of the power of will; the resilience as a salutogenic model and the resilience as a transcendence, as well as with its main resilient educational management characteristic as resilient person, bringing the aspects of responsibility, autonomy, flexibility, solidarity, openness and intelligence. The research methods used were bibliographic and comparative. The fifth chapter is divided in two parts. The first explores the results of a documental research about the registers of the managers from the Course Program of Management Development (PMD) Education: School Management and the Educational Politics. The other presents the results of a semi structured interview. Provided support to the two research techniques: the systematic paradigm, the qualitative approach and the sense interpretation method. Were several the positioning of the school directors and educational supervisors that found relevance and established a link with the resilience concept. Adding up all reflections undertaken though the theoretical embasement, the observation extracted both at the documental research and at the semi structured interview, it was accentuated the intention of suggest the incorporation of the proposal of resilient educational management as a possible way not only to the Education Secretary of São Paulo, but for all the organisms and educational systems that face the risk factors. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutor em Educação

UK (United Kingdom) infrastructure networks are fundamental for maintaining societal and economic wellbeing. With infrastructure assets predominantly founded in the soil layer (< 1.5m below ground level) they are subject to a range of soil-related geohazards. A literature review identified that geohazards including, clay-related subsidence, sand erosion and soil corrosivity have exerted significant impacts on UK infrastructure to date; often resulting in both long-term degradation and ultimately structural failure of particular assets. Climate change projections suggest that these geohazards, which are themselves driven by antecedent weather conditions, are likely to increase in magnitude and frequency for certain areas of the UK through the 21st century. Despite this, the incorporation of climate data into geohazard models has seldom been undertaken and never on a national scale for the UK. Furthermore, geohazard risk assessment in UK infrastructure planning policy is fragmented and knowledge is often lacking due to the complexity of modelling chronic hazards in comparison to acute phenomenon such as flooding. With HM Government's recent announcement of £50 million planned infrastructure investment and capital projects, the place of climate resilient infrastructure is increasingly pertinent. The aim of this thesis is therefore to establish whether soil-related geohazard assessments have a role in ensuring climate-resilient UK infrastructure. Soil moisture projections were calculated using probabilistic weather variables derived from a high-resolution version of the UKCP09 (UK Climate Projections2009) weather generator. These were then incorporated into a geohazard model to predict Great Britain's (GB) subsidence hazard for the future scenarios of 2030 (2020-2049) and 2050 (2040-2069) as well as the existing climatic baseline (1961-1990). Results suggest that GB is likely to be subject to increased clay-related subsidence in future, particularly in the south east of England. This thesis has added to scientific understanding through the creation of a novel, national-scale assessment of clay subsidence risk, with future assessments undertaken to 2050. This has been used to help create a soil- informed maintenance strategy for improving the climate resilience of UK local roads, based on an extended case study utilising road condition data for the county of Lincolnshire, UK. Finally, a methodological framework has been created, providing a range of infrastructure climate adaptation stakeholders with a method for incorporating geohazard assessments, informed by climate change projections, into asset management planning and design of new infrastructure. This research also highlights how infrastructure networks are becoming increasingly interconnected, particularly geographically, and therefore even minor environmental shocks arising from soil-related geohazards can cause significant cascading failures of multiple infrastructure networks. A local infrastructure hotspot analysis methodology and case-study is provided.

Resilience has become a prominent concept to understand system vulnerabilities flexible ways of adapting to crises. Recently, it gained importance in discussions a the possible peak in oil production (peak oil) and its consequences, which might a economic performance, social well-being and political stability, and thus also the e transition to a low-carbon economy. The paper presents a new way of measuring resilience as absolute resilience related to a best practice-model of a resilient socie The resilience model is grounded in explicit theoretical assumptions. All indicators justified by theoretical and empirical arguments. We present a case study of Austr municipalities and broader-scale spatial types, which were defined according to th degree of urbanization. The mean resilience of Austrian municipalities is moderate difference between resilience values of municipalities is small. Significant different between spatial types exist. Higher resilience is displayed by less urbanized types due to a higher share of agricultural activities and a more favorable level of GDP per capita. Austria has considerable latitude to improve resilience. Corresponding policies should target resilience components with the lowest values first. A sole focus on regionalization is not recommended. These conclusions are applicable to OECD countries in general. (authors' abstract)

With the adoption of neo-liberal policies and the decline in social welfare, non-profit organizations have been increasingly integrated into public service provision. Such changes raise questions regarding formal policies and access for marginalized populations, no more so than in disaster settings as formal disaster management of sexual health services are still vague. This study identifies the role of non-profit organizations in providing public health and social services through the lens of sexual health commitments following the September 2010 Darfield Earthquake and subsequent major aftershock during February 2011 in Christchurch, New Zealand. The primary goals of this study were three fold, to delineate i) aspects of non-profit organizational culture and agency connections that contributed to the resilience of non-profit organizations by maintaining and adapting access to sexual health and associated wellbeing services over the transition from response to recovery ii) integration pathways of non-profit organizations into disaster risk reduction and iii) appropriate geographic representations of temporal vulnerability change impacting the commitments of non-profit organizations. Mixed methods were used for this study. Data were collected over a two-year period between 2013 and 2015. Data collection techniques included: i) archival research ii) surveys iii) focus groups and iv) semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were derived from census records and qualitative data from surveys, focus groups, and interviews with non-profit and civil society practitioners. A total of thirty-six non-profit organizations, civil society partners, and agency connections participated. Results show that sexual health needs of youth, families, and migrants arriving for the rebuild, fluctuated following the earthquakes. Sexual health non-profits absorbed the shifting demands for services and supplies by leveraging government partnerships and non-profit agency connections to account for fluctuations in presenting populations, adjust service delivery methods and continue advocacy campaigns. Also, as a result of functional redundancy amongst migrant support groups and their respective agency connections, strategies of long-term advocacy commitment, co-location, and relationship building with diverse ethnic groups benefitted migrants and refugees in maintaining or accessing adequate health and wellbeing support into the recovery phase. By developing programs to increase public awareness of resources, creating engagement opportunities in vacant spaces, and bringing a united voice to authorities, non-profits captured increased social cohesion to address emergent and compounded vulnerabilities of marginalized populations. However, as the recovery progressed, some collective energy was lost. Findings indicate that non-profits operating in Christchurch prior to the earthquakes with flexible organizational structures and those that emerged after were most successful in the emergency response and early recovery. The ability to capture social cohesion resulting from the shared experience of the earthquakes and build bridges with non-profit connections or incorporate emergent populations into service delivery facilitated successful operations into recovery. Non-profits that partnered with the government were better suited for long-term recovery, when interagency collaboration returned to a more competitive state and reliance on co-production of services was reestablished as the preferred method of service delivery, based on their capacity to maintain and build linkages with civil society partners. This research adds to disaster literature and the understanding of organizational behaviors by suggesting appropriate means to assess the potential resilience of non-profit organizations post-disaster. Further, pathways of integration with disaster management are identified for various types of non-profits that contribute to sexual health and related community support services. Methods used to identify vulnerabilities of wellbeing focused non-profit organizations and model integration of culturally appropriate service delivery options into recovery planning and disaster mitigation can be applied to other high-income nations with burgeoning non-profit sectors that experience variety of hazards, in particular on the United States’ West Coast as the health care debate in the United States continues.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that a history of childhood maltreatment can lead to significant negative consequences across multiple domains of functioning. A significant minority of individuals remain resilience to such negative consequences, necessitating further research into the factors which protect against negative outcomes in young people who have experienced adversity. A systematic review of the literature was carried out in order to assess the evidence base for factors that predict adolescent resilience following childhood maltreatment. Several factors across the individual, family and community level were identified, however, evidence regarding these factors was mixed. Factors that have been shown to predict resilience in other age groups require further validation within adolescent samples. Aim: The first aim of this study was to investigate the role of resilience in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological distress. The second aim was to address a possible role for attachment in mediating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and resilience. Method: Adolescents aged 13 – 17 who were attending Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services were asked to complete measures of childhood maltreatment, individual resilience, attachment and psychological distress. Results: Resilience was shown to mediate the relationship between maltreatment and psychological distress. Attachment avoidance was found to mediate the relationship between maltreatment and resilience but not when emotional reactivity was included in the resilience index. Attachment anxiety did not mediate the relationship between maltreatment and resilience, however, maltreatment history was found to moderate the relationship between attachment anxiety and resilience. Discussion: Generalisability of this study was limited due to possible bias within the recruited sample. Implications of the significant results are discussed along with suggestions for future research.

The established approach to safety management has failed to handle socio-technical systems that have become more complex. The main argument is this approach is based on assumptions that systems are protected against accidents by barriers (well-trained people, redundant mechanisms and safety devices, and procedures and safe systems of work). Complex systems, such as maintenance, are actually labour intensive; maintenance staff often works under pressure to finish tasks as rapidly as possible. They continuously adapt and make adjustments using available resources, time, knowledge, and competence to achieve success. Thus, they are accidents prone. Human factors inherent to maintenance accidents are most times difficult to identify. Research in this area in the oil and gas industry in maintenance management is limited in comparison to the aviation and nuclear sectors. Therefore, it has been suggested to overcome this lack by exploring the maintenance system and identifying appropriate methods and tools that lead a system to safety excellence. Resilience engineering (RE) approach has been found the suitable solution. Moreover, four system abilities (cornerstones of RE: ability to respond, to monitor, to anticipate, and to learn) have been identified to characterise the resilience of a system; if these abilities are known and increased, it will make the system As High Resilient As Possible (AHRAP). However, there is a need to bridge between RE theory and practice. Particularly, a tool that measures these abilities lacks in the oil and gas industry, specifically within the maintenance system. In doing so, a framework based on a Gap Analysis (GA) was outlined. A tool, the MAintenance System Resilience Assessment Tool- MASRAT, was developed to assess current system resilience and identify strategies for improvement to achieve safety excellence. The maintenance system of SONATRACH was explored by the analysis of the system documentation and processes, interviews with maintenance staff, questionnaires, field observations, storytelling, and functional analysis. MASRAT has been validated by means of congruency and principal components analysis, PCA (content validity), and Cronbach’s alpha (reliability). An expert panel testing was carried out to test its usability. The exploration of the system came up with a snapshot of daily activities as well as a better understanding of the maintenance system. The study identified the most significant human factors (resources, time pressure, and supervision/coordination) and their probable impact on plant safety. The elements of the system were found tightly coupled, hence the system complex. Stories describing the continuous adaptations of people to achieve assigned objectives were collected. On the other hand, MASRAT was validated. All items were rated above 0.75 in congruency test. The results of PCA for the three selected factors confirmed the items may be clustered after extraction into four components which interpretation represents the four cornerstones of RE. The analysis showed MASRAT is reproducible. Cronbach’s alpha results were found higher than what is required (0.7). MASRAT was found usable by maintenance expert panel. It was used to measure the maintenance department resilience. Strategies that may lead the system from current maturity level to excellence were identified. Eventually, recommendations were made to management to be implemented both at corporate and department levels. For the first time, the maintenance department resilience of petroleum assets was measured to fill in the gap between RE theory and practice. Besides, this can be of benefit to the petroleum industry by a better knowledge of the maintenance working environment and human factors impact on safety and by profiles determination and improvement strategies identification.

This thesis addresses two research gaps: the gap of how to operationalize resilience in an urban context, and the gap on empirical studies of the relationship between resilience and sustainable development. I have approached these gaps by entering the emerging field of interdisciplinary research linking planning and resilience in a study of the process of preparing a resilience assessment for the semi-urban municipality of Eskilstuna in Sweden (2012–13). In order to capture in-depth data, I have conducted participant observation of the resilience assessment process, semi-structured interviews with the organizers at the municipality, as well as key participants from other departments, a review of the official municipal documents and a survey to the workshop participants. My findings show that resilience thinking helped frame the previously overlooked threats of a future triple crises, and bridge the short-term crisis management and the longer-term planning for sustainable development at the municipality. The idea of complex adaptive systems introduced a new perspective for sustainable development in the municipality, which practitioners thought was useful for providing new arguments to hinder slowly degrading trends, as well as clarifying the picture of a sustainable society.

Doctor of Philosophy / Food Science Institute / Sara E. Gragg / Justin J. Kastner / Food safety is a public health issue that demands coordinated scientific and policy solutions. Despite advancements in interventions and surveillance, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella spp. continue to cause outbreaks in a wide variety of food products. In light of these public health urgencies, both microbiological and policy frameworks are needed to address and anticipate future food safety challenges related to these pathogens. Laboratory-based techniques are used to address (1) whether common processing stresses change the susceptibility of STEC and Salmonella to food-grade antimicrobials, (2) whether differences in STEC attachment to beef tissue can inform intervention strategies, and (3) the efficiency of a combined sanitizer approach to reduce Salmonella on spinach. Salmonella Montevideo, Newport, and Typhimurium, and STEC O26, O45, O103, O111, O145, and O157:H7 were subjected to salt, acid, heat, freeze-thaw, alkaline and no (control) stress, and then challenged with the antimicrobials lauric arginate, citric acid plus hydrochloric acid, peroxyacetic acid plus acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid plus citric acid, and lactic acid. Growth/inhibition/no-growth was determined by absorbance values. While differences (p≤0.05) were observed between some of the stressors and controls, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) observed for both STEC and Salmonella were below maximum concentrations permitted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). STEC serogroups were grown in nutrient-dense or nutrient-limiting media and inoculated onto lean or adipose, pre-rigor (warm) or chilled beef tissue. Loosely and firmly attached cells were plated onto MacConkey agar at several time points. When grown in nutrient-dense media, time × sample type (buffer versus homogenized sample) and sample type × tissue type (adipose versus lean) were significant (p<0.001). For nutrient-limited cells, tissue type was a significant main effect (p=0.0134). Spinach was inoculated with 5.0 log CFU/g Salmonella, dried, and submerged in a sodium bisulfate peroxyacetic acid (SBS-PAA) wash, a chlorine wash, or water for 2 min. Samples were stored for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 d, and populations were enumerated. When plated on xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 (XLT-4), SBS-PAA and chlorine washes achieved significant reductions (p≤0.05). When plated on XLT-4 plus tryptic soy agar (TSA) overlay, SBS-PAA was the most effective treatment, with a reduction of 1.77 log CFU/g (p<0.0001). Recognizing that microbiology studies ought to be combined with policy frameworks (and potential food safety solutions), policy analyses were performed to (1) evaluate and make recommendations about the resilience of the U.S. food system to catastrophic events and (2) thoughtfully—and innovatively—address so-called “unknown unknowns” (or disasters) and forecast future food safety vulnerabilities. The U.S. food system and its response to an intentionally-contaminated food product are analyzed through responsibilities of public, private, and third-sector actors. To address unknown unknowns and more strategically address future food safety problems, public and private actors ought to: (a) learn from the past (i.e., the German O104 outbreak), (b) target food groups of high and/or increasing consumption, (c) assess threats primarily rooted in other critical infrastructures, (d) borrow concepts and principles from meteorological forecasting, and (e) advocate multidisciplinary thinking.

5 Abstract Resilience, stressing out the positive aspects of personality and ways of finding sources of support for the development of the internal forces of an individual despite challenging life circumstances has been receiving more and more attention recently from both professionals and the public. Results of the resilience research are affecting theoretical concepts, however, also the areas of intervention, psychotherapy, counseling and prevention programs as well. The subject of theoretical part of the thesis was the introduction to theoretical concepts of resilience and topics related to it. A special attention has been paid to the resilience to the trauma, as well as the results of research concerning resilience sources, risk and protective factors. The specifics of resilience relating to a given age group were discussed in the theoretical part. The subject of the empirical part was to develop a Czech version of the Resilience to Trauma Scale - Research Edition (RTS-RE) and its explorative analysis in order to create a pilot version, which could become a basis for subsequent wider use in research on resilience. For these purposes two other methods were used in addition to the Czech translation of RTS-RE, namely: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Personal Views Survey (PVS). The results of...