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Juvenile delinquency is a topic that has been up for political debate during the election year in Sweden. As people tend to commit crimes at younger ages, we have concidered the schools’ role being a central part of the preventive work against juvenile delinquency. This since young people spend a large part of their time in school. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the preventive work against juvenile delinquency in middle schools in Växjö municipality. The purpose was also to understand the importance of the theory of social control to prevent young people from developing criminal behaviour. This study was based on a qualitative method which included nine semi-structured interviews with middle school principals in Växjö municipality. The results showed that the majority of the schools work preventively against juvenile delinquency in terms of specific routines and models. However, this work was not always defined as prevention work by the schools themselves. This study showed that bullying and exclusion in school is not always detected by school staff. Based on the theory of social control, this is an issue that needs to be improved in order to strengthen young people’s social ties in school. This could contribute to fewer young people choosing to commit crimes due to better social control.

I Sverige har brottslighet och kriminalitet blivit ett utbrett samhällsproblem som diskuteras flitigt i den politiska – och mediala debatten. Politikernas svar på den ökade gängkriminaliteten tenderar ofta att hamna i en diskussion om att skärpa straffen, slopa ungdomsrabatten och ge polisen fler maktmedel för att bekämpa brottslighet än att arbeta förebyggande med målgruppen. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser före detta kriminella möter när de har gjort valet att bryta med sin gamla livsstil, och att identifiera olika hinder som påverkar deras möjligheter att återanpassas till att bli fungerande medborgare. Betydande forskning från USA visar på att skärpta straff och långa fängelsevistelser är verkningslöst ifall syftet är att minska brottsligheten. En relevant fråga att ställa sig är ifall detta verkligen är den rätta vägen att ta? I min litteraturstudie pekar resultatet snarare på att långa fängelsevistelser riskerar skapa en rad följdkonsekvenser på både individ - och samhällsnivå för tidigare dömda personer som leder till att återanpassningen misslyckas. Men vad är lösningen på problemet med den ökade brottsligheten och hur skulle det kunna se ut istället? / In Sweden, crime and criminality have become a widespread societal problem that is frequently discussed in the political - and media debate. Politicians' response to the increase in crime often tends to sharpen penalties, cancel the youth discount and give the police more authority. But is this really the right way to go? The purpose of my literature study is to investigate the consequences that former criminals face when they have made the choice to break with their old lifestyle, and to identify the various obstacles that affect their chances of being readjusted to become functioning citizens. Significant research from, among others, the USA, shows that harsher punishment is ineffective if the purpose is to reduce crime. In my literature study, conclusions point rather to the fact that longer prison stays tend to result in aggravating obstacles on both an individual - and societal level that make it harder for the individual convicted person to stop committing crimes and return to a functioning everyday life. But what is the solution to the problem with increased crime, and what could this solution look like instead?

Among the questions that drew attention were these. Are San Joaquin County's juvenile delinquents the sane as, or different than those found elsewhere? that happens to the youngster after the police refer him on into the corrections structure? What are the criteria by which decisions are made? Who makes the decisions? What services are offered? What facilities does San Joaquin County have in which to treat the juvenile? What services are offered in the institutions? In view of the current levels of knowledge, is our county doing an adequate job? Statistics are cited as necessary to delineate the source, nature and size of San Joaquin County's delinquency problem. Internal problems and assets of the Probation Department that affect the juveniles are evaluated, and these include such items as caseloads, personnel turnover and the new Special Supervision program. Detention facilities will be examined with an eye to adequacy and efficiency. If found necessary, recommendations will be made. It is not anticipated that all of the obvious questions can be answered, but it is anticipated that a study can be produced that will be of some value to the community generally, and to the county government in particular.

Results of the Youth Center Research Project were almost equally favorable for each other's two schools. The parole-violation rates of the wards released from both institutions dropped from 43% to 31%, a considerable improvement when compared with the two control California Youth Authority schools continuing failure rate of 46%. These figures were for twelve-month parole-exposure periods. But the study’s major hypotheses were not verified. The more mature youths did not do better with TA than with B Mod, and the lower-maturity wards did no better with B Mod. In fact, one classification of higher-maturity wards did a little better with B Mod, and some lower-maturity wards did a little better with B Mod, and lower-maturity wards did better with TA. But all levels did fairly well with either systems, regardless of whether or not the wards declared themselves to be in need of change. Whether those results would endure for more than twelve months were still in question as of this writing. The data were to be evaluated for years to come. In the meantime, an important question not answered in the 1972 report was: were there any interaction effects between the three major aariables: treatment method, maturity level of wards, and treater competence?

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This study investigates children born out of wedlock. It is based on birth – and baptism records from two island on the west coast in Sweden, named Styrsö and Öckerö. The essay is divided in three different periods in the intervals between 1860-1945. It’s a comparative study between the islands and the aim is to research how many children are illegitimate and if these children have a known or unknown fader. Its later compered to each other and the national statistic in Sweden.  The result of the study is that the islands have a low number of children born out of wedlock compared to the national statistics. The theory that is applied on the study is social control and social vulnerability. Both islands have little too no contact to the mainland and the strict rule of the orthodox religion has an impact on controlling the people but is later questioned by the free churches that currents on the island in the 1870th century. The social vulnerability starts with the mother for even having a relationship or sexual intercourse out of wedlock and then when the child is born it doesn’t have the same prerequisites as the children born with parents that are married.

In this essay I have studied seventy-five unmarried mother’s lives in northeast Sunnerbo district and southeast Västbo district in Småland 1940-1949. The aim was to study to which extend the unmarried mothers later become married women. The purpose was also to investigate to which extend the unmarried mothers gave birth to more illegitimate children. The eights parishes minutes of the Child Welfare Board has been one of the study’s main material. One of the main questions in this study were to examine if the unmarried women were mentioned in the minutes and if so, to see what were written about them. The eight parishes birth- and baptismbooks and the Swedish deathbook also constituted as the study’s material. The study shows that only seven of the seventy-five mothers didn’t get married. The mother’s expectancy was 77,4 years and five of the mothers gave birth to two illegitimate children between 1940-1949. I have found that twenty-five women are mentioned in the minutes of the Child Welfare Board. In most cases the unmarried mother has applied for maternityhelp and have been given an amount of money for maintenance of the illegitimate child. In some cases, women has received money to pay care fees such as fees for dentalcare or for orphanages.