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Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2018-03-22T17:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Licia Frezza Pisa2.pdf: 1760394 bytes, checksum: 239bc87b81f7150e6d5d56d26a276507 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T17:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Licia Frezza Pisa2.pdf: 1760394 bytes, checksum: 239bc87b81f7150e6d5d56d26a276507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It's notorious how the subject of identity acquired importance lately and how gender diversity, strongly influenced by feminism, develop as new forms of identification emerge. Closed identities gives way to plural identities, such as androgyny, and it becomes necessary to understand how the media builds the image of that identity. Therefore, this work seeks to understand the construction of the androgynous identity using the magazine media. By means of the French Discourse Analysis, we studied the construction of the ethos starting from the constituting elements of the androgynous identity representation and analyzed whether there is an androgyny pattern that is endorsed or deconstructed by the media, as well as if there were differences in the construction of the ethos in different types of magazines or if they remained the same. The corpus has 80 articles, comprising twenty-one different magazines in nine categories, during the period from 1993 to 2015. As a hypothesis, we consider that the discursive universe legitimating the construction of the image of the androgyne is the fashion one and, if proven, it will be necessary to observe if this representation is marked by the cultural discourse of questioning the gender and commercial, which propose new forms of consumption. We conclude that the androgyne is legitimized by the fashion discursive universe, in which there are both a political appeal for gender questioning, as a commercial contribution, introducing a form of identity through the consumption of certain products/signs. The androgyne was analyzed by means of the ethos and we found that such identity reflects the bold, the libertarian and the revolutionary as symbolic values. / É notório como a questão da identidade ganhou importância nos últimos tempos e como a diversidade de gênero, fortemente influenciada pelo feminismo, cresce à medida que novas formas de identificação emergem. As identidades fechadas dão lugar a identidades plurais, como a androginia, e faz-se necessário compreender como a mídia constrói a imagem dessa identidade. Por isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a construção da identidade da androginia por meio da mídia revista. Com os aportes da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, estudamos a construção do ethos pelos elementos constitutivos da representação da identidade andrógina e analisamos se há um padrão de androginia que é endossado ou desconstruído pela mídia, além de observar se há diferenças na construção do ethos em diferentes tipos de revistas ou não. O corpus conta com 80 matérias, compreendendo vinte e uma revistas diferentes em nove categorias, durante o período de 1993 a 2015. Como hipótese, consideramos que o universo discursivo que legitima a construção da imagem do andrógino é o da moda e, se comprovado, torna-se necessário observar se essa representação é marcada pelo discurso cultural de questionamento dos papeis de gênero e comercial, que propõe novas formas de consumo. Concluímos que o andrógino é legitimado pelo universo discursivo da moda em que há tanto um apelo político para o questionamento dos gêneros, quanto um aporte comercial, introduzindo uma forma de identidade por meio do consumo de determinados produtos/signos. O andrógino foi analisado por meio do ethos e constatou-se que essa identidade reflete o ousado, o libertário e o revolucionário, enquanto valores simbólicos.

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Since the advent of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) two models, the Androgyny and Masculinity model, have been advanced to explain the sex role literature. This study attempts to rectify several methodological issues by experimentally controlling for the effects of self-esteem and using a quartile-split procedure for sex role type assignment. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate interpersonal problem solving ability among sex role types and to compare the predictions of the Androgyny model and the Masculinity model. The results of both experiments implicate the crucial role of self-esteem in sex role research. Self-esteem, rather than sex role type, appears to be more predictive of adequate psychological adjustment.

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The purpose of this study was to research gender, affectional/sexual orientation, and sex roles to determine how people respond to the Expanded Reasons for Living Scale by Linehan, Goodstein, Nielsen, and Chiles (1983). This study used the Bem Sex Role Inventory, short form (Bem, 1981) to assess androgynous and nonandrogynous people. Results from the statistical analysis revealed that bisexuals had the lowest reasons for living score followed by gay men/lesbians, and then heterosexuals on the Total RFL, as well as on the Responsiblility to Family and Moral Objections subscales. On the Child-Related Concerns subscale heterosexuals had a higher RFL score than both homosexuals and bisexuals. The Fear of Social Disapproval subscale revealed that heterosexuals and homosexuals were significantly higher than bisexuals. Androgynous people had a higher RFL on the Moral Objections subscale than nonandrogynous people and Androgynous women scored higher than nonandrogynous women on the Survival and Coping Belief subscale.

Despite the recent scholarship that has been performed on Margaret Fuller, very little has focused on the varied body of poetry she composed during her brief life. By dividing her poetic works into three categories – those written to an early “lover,” those focusing on the theme of androgyny, and those written during her “mature period” of 1844 – one is better able to follow Fuller on the emotional and intellectual journey that served as the foundation for all of her writings. In addition, the study of Fuller’s poetry provides a clearer understanding of how this erudite woman transcended gender boundaries in her writings, as well as in the choices she made in her daily life, further emphasizing her reputation as a revolutionary woman of nineteenth century.

Исследовалась взаимосвязь выбора копинг-стратегий в ситуации стресса и гендерных особенностей у мужчин-военнослужащих (маскулинность, фемининность, андрогинность) с целью уточнения критериев профотбора для группы опасных профессий. Обсуждаются результаты данные, полученные по четырем методикам на выборке из 149 человек. / We investigated the relationship between choice of coping strategies in a situation of stress and gender men-soldiers (masculinity, femininity, androgyny) with a view to clarifying the criteria for selection of groups of hazardous occupations. Results the data obtained for the four methods on a sample of 149 people.

[pt] A presente Tese elabora, fundamenta e apresenta estudo sobre as representações sociais da androginia em anúncios de moda, veiculados na revista VOGUE Brasil no período de 1975 a 2018, com o objetivo de investigar a capacidade disciplinadora do discurso publicitário em apresentar e representar a fluidez de identidades contemporâneas, nesse caso, a androginia - união do masculino e feminino num mesmo indivíduo – e como ela vem sendo tratada pela cultura midiática. A pesquisa realizada é de natureza qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo, por meio de pesquisa documental. O estudo propõe uma análise interpretativa, histórica, sobre a construção social da androginia por meio dos estereótipos publicitários exibidos na mídia. Foram analisadas, nessa perspectiva, as construções de estereótipos, signos e significados, relacionando-os com a contextualização histórica, política e sociocultural de cada década. Os meios de comunicação estão diante de homens e mulheres contemporâneos, atores sociais que vivem momentos de transição em relação a modelos anteriores e que, por consequência, questionam os papéis de gênero e identidades, construídos e normatizados, com base no binarismo masculino / feminino. Com a riqueza de possibilidades e desconfiando de certezas, lançamos uma questão interessada à publicidade: Como o imaginário atravessa os preceitos sociais pautados na normatização cultural para a representação social da androginia na publicidade brasileira? Qual o espaço das identidades não binárias em uma sociedade ocidental ancorada no binarismo de gênero? Como são construídos os estereótipos publicitários para moldar a identidade ambígua? A trajetória de algumas sociedades ocidentais, como no caso do Brasil, traz, desde o início de sua constituição, a dominação masculina, transformando as relações de gênero, sociais e afetivas, por meio de métodos de submissão e poder. Nossas principais instituições, fora do lar, têm sido concebidas e operadas primordialmente por homens, funcionando conforme determinados tipos de princípios, atitudes e comportamentos que costumam ser chamados de masculinos e, dentro de casa, princípios, atitudes e comportamentos que costumam ser chamados de femininos. A compreensão das relações de gênero implica que sejam entendidas como as construções sociais identitárias, baseadas na diferenciação biológica de sexos e expressas por meio de relações de subordinação e poder, as quais definem as atividades, normas e condutas esperadas para homens e mulheres. O ponto de partida para esta pesquisa, portanto, sustenta-se, principalmente, nos estudos sobre a pós-modernidade de Stuart Hall, e sobre A distinção e A dominação masculina, de Pierre Bourdieu. Pôde ser observado ao longo das últimas quatro décadas que as mudanças em identidades foram significativas, deslocando-se de identidades para identificações. Na primeira década, entre os anos de 1975 e 1988, a androginia esteve ancorada na moda unissex. De 1989 a 1998, na segunda década, foi representada como ilustre, fantasiosa, luxuosa, com base no consumo conspícuo. A terceira década, compreendida entre 1999 a 2008, sua representação deu-se por meio da juvenilização de modelos, de estereótipos angelicais. A quarta e última década, entre os anos de 2009 a 2018, a representação social da androginia tornou-se fluida. Tais transformações abriram espaço para novas representações sociais não binárias. / [en] The present Doctoral Thesis elaborates a study on the social representations of androgyny in fashion ads published in VOGUE Brazil magazine between 1975 and 2018, with the objective of investigating the disciplinary capacity of the advertising discourse in presenting and representing the fluidity of contemporary identities, in this case, androgyny - the combination of feminine and masculine characteristics in one individual - and how it has been treated by the media culture. The research carried out is of a qualitative nature, with content analysis, through documentary research. The study proposes an interpretative historical analysis on the social construction of androgyny through the advertising stereotypes shown in the media. The construction of stereotypes, signs and meanings were analyzed under this perspective, relating them to the historical, political and sociocultural contextualization of each decade. The media are faced with contemporary men and women, social actors who are experiencing a time of transition in relation to previous models and who, consequently, question gender roles and identities which were constructed and standardized based on male/female binarism. With the present wealth of possibilities and a mistrust of certainties, we question the media: How does perception traverse social precepts based on cultural norms for the social representation of androgyny in Brazilian advertising? How much room is there for non-binary identities in a Western society anchored in gender binarism? How are advertising stereotypes built for ambiguous identity? The trajectory of some western societies, as is the case in Brazil, has, since the beginning of its constitution, been under male domination, transforming gender relationships, be they social or emotional, through methods of submission and power. Our main institutions, outside the home, have been conceived and operated primarily by men, functioning according to certain principles, attitudes and behaviors that are usually considered as masculine and, at home, principles, attitudes and behaviors that are usually considered as feminine. The understanding of gender relations implies that they are understood as the social constructions of identity, based on the biological differentiation of the sexes and expressed through relations of subordination and power, which define the activities, norms, and behaviors expected of men and of women. The starting point for this research is based mainly on Stuart Hall s studies of postmodernity and on Pierre Bourdieu s Distinction and Masculine Domination. It has been observed over the last four decades that changes in identities have been significant, shifting from identities to identifications. In the first decade, between the years 1975 and 1988, androgyny was anchored in unisex fashion. From 1989 to 1998, during the second decade, it was represented as illustrious, fanciful, luxurious, based on conspicuous consumption. During the third decade, comprised between 1999 and 2008, its representation took place through the jovialization of the models, of angelic stereotypes. In the fourth and final decade, between the years 2009 and 2018, the social representation of androgyny has become fluid. Such transformations have made room for new non-binary social representations.