Platonia insignis Mart. é uma espécie pertencente à família Clusiaceae, é popularmente conhecida como Bacuri e muito conhecida por ter um fruto de sabor apreciado. A utilização etnobotanica está relacionada à utilização do extrato do óleo de suas sementes como cicatrizante e anti-inflamatório e na produção de sabão. Atualmente diversas atividades vêm sendo relatadas para todas as partes deste fruto (semente, casca e polpa). Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o perfil fitoquímico, atividade antimicrobiana do extrato das folhas de Platonia insignis Mart. e desenvolver formulações farmacêuticas com ação antimicrobiana. A análise fitoquímica do extrato mostrou a presença de fenóis (taninos condensados, catequinas e flavonoides), esteroides, alcaloides e saponinas. As análises por LC-MSn forneceram os perfis de fragmentação dos compostos presentes no extrato. Na fração acetato de etila, foi identificado a fukugentina (morelloflavona) um importante marcador da família Clusiaceae. O extrato apresentou potencial antioxidante com inibição de 88,06% do radical DPPH. O sabonete, o creme e a solução tópica manipulados a partir do extrato a 1 e a 5% tiveram sua estabilidade analisadas no tempo zero e trinta dias após formulados, além da avaliação do controle de qualidade microbiológico. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo; o extrato hidroetanolico (70%), as frações hexânica, acetato de etila e os produtos manipulados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana com CIM entre 0,78 e 12,5 mg/mL frente a todos os microrganismos testados exceto as frações orgânicas (acetato de etila e hexânica) que não apresentaram atividade frente Acinetobacter baumannii. A toxicidade avaliada pela técnica de hemólise não demonstrou atividade hemolítica até concentração testada de 100mg/mL. A toxicidade frente Artemia salina demonstrou que o extrato apresentou DL50 de 42,6 μg/mL sendo classificado como altamente tóxico frente Artemia salina. O extrato possui atividade antioxidante, microbicida e baixa toxicidade in vitro. As formulações farmacêuticas mostraram-se potencialmente viáveis no desenvolvimento de novos produtos para o tratamento de doenças infeciosas. / Platonia insignis Mart. is a species belonging to Clusiaceae, is popularly known as Bacuri and is well-known for having a fruit of appreciated flavor. The ethnopharmacological use is related to the use of the oil of its seeds in the healing of scars and as an anti-inflammatory and in the production of soap. Currently, several activities have been reported for all parts of this fruit (seed, bark and pulp). This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile, biological, and antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Platonia insignis Mart., and develop pharmaceutical formulations. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of phenols, condensed tannins, catechins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Analyzes by LC-MS and FIA-ESI-IT/MSn provided the fragmentation profiles of the compounds present in the extract and their structures were proposed. In the ethyl acetate fraction, fukugentin (morelloflavone) was identified as an important marker of the clusiaceae family. The extract presented antioxidant potential in the inhibition of 88,06% of the DPPH radical. The soap and the topical solution manipulated from the 1 and 5% extract had their stability analyzed at time zero and thirty days after formulations, besides the evaluation of the microbiological quality control. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the microdilution technique. The hydroethanolic extract (70%), the hexane, ethyl acetate and the manipulated products presented antimicrobial activity with MIC between 0.78 and 12.5 mg/mL to all the microorganisms tested except the organic fractions (ethyl acetate and hexane) that showed no activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. The toxicity evaluated by the hemolysis technique did not demonstrate hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Toxicity to Artemia salina showed that the extract had LD50 of 42.6 μg/mL being classified as highly toxic against Artemia salina. The extract has antioxidant activity, microbicide and low in vitro toxicity. Pharmaceutical formulations have proved potentially viable in the development of novel products for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Desde a década de 90 que estudos relacionados com os polímeros quitina e quitosana têm sido estimulados. A presença em maior quantidade de grupos NH2 na quitosana permite sua aplicação como biomaterial eficiente no carreamento de fármacos e na adsorção de cátions metálicos. Neste trabalho foram preparados filmes e microesferas de quitosana para uso em procedimentos de adsorção de íons prata, liberação de fármaco e atividade antibacteriana. O polímero apresentou grau de desacetilação correspondente a 81% e ponto de carga zero em pH~7. As microesferas obtidas apresentaram um diâmetro médio de 2,911 mm e um desvio padrão de 0,325, quando úmidas. O uso da quitosana na forma de microesferas e filmes proporciona um aumento da área superficial, além de facilitar o manuseio do polímero. Os filmes obtidos foram formados com nanopartículas de prata em etapa única. O melhor pH para o estudo de adsorção de íons Ag+ em meio aquoso está na faixa de pH de 5 a 7, o melhor ajuste foi ao modelo de Langmuir, o tempo ótimo para ocorrer adsorção máxima foi de 10 horas e o valor de energia aparente de adsorção (E) de 6,9 kJ/mol, o que a caracteriza adsorção física. O estudo de liberação de ibuprofeno foi realizado em fluido gástrico simulado e fluido intestinal simulado, a maior liberação do fármaco ocorreu no pH neutro dos fluidos intestinais. A liberação transdérmica de fármaco pelos filmes foi realizada apenas em pH=7,4 para simular o tecido sanguíneo e o ápice da liberação de ibuprofeno ocorreu logo no início do contato do material com o fluido simulado. As microesferas e os filmes com nanopartículas de prata demonstram ter atividade contra E. coli e S. aureus. / Since the 1990s studies related to chitin and chitosan polymers have been stimulated. The presence of more NH2 groups in chitosan allows its application as an efficient biomaterial without drug loading and adsorption of metallic cations. In this work, chitosan films and microspheres were made for use in silver ion adsorption procedures, drug release and antibacterial activity. The polymer showed a degree of deacetylation corresponding to 81% and zero loading point at pH ~ 7. As obtained microspheres had a mean diameter of 2911 mm and a standard deviation of 0.325, when used. The use of chitosan in the form of microspheres and films provides an increase of the surface area, besides facilitating the handling of the polymer. The films were formed with single step silver nanoparticles. The best pH for the Ag+ ion adsorption study in the aqueous medium is in the pH range of 5 to 7, the best fit for the Langmuir model, the optimal time for the maximum adsorption of 10 hours and the apparent energy value of adsorption (E) of 6,9 kJ / mol, which characterizes it physical adsorption. The study of ibuprofen release was performed in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, further release of the drug occurs no neutral pH of intestinal fluids. Transdermal delivery of drug by films was performed at pH = 7.4 to simulate blood tissue and the apex of ibuprofen release occurred early in contact with the simulated fluid material. As microspheres and films with silver nanoparticles they demonstrate activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto antibacteriano de cuatro extractos metanólicos de Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia trabeculata, Lessonia nigrescens y Chondracanthus chamissoi sobre Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®35668™). Metodología: El presente estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro, en el cual se prepararon cuatro extractos metanólicos de Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia trabeculata, Lessonia nigrescens y Chondracanthus chamissoi. Para cada extracto se realizaron 6 pruebas independientes y como control positivo se utilizó la solución de Clorhexidina al 0.12%. Para evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de los extractos se utilizó el método de difusión en pozo de Kirby-Bauer. La concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) fueron evaluadas mediante el método de microdilución y el efecto citotóxico fue determinado por el método de MTT. Resultados: Se observó mayor efecto antibacteriano de los extractos metanólicos de Lessonia trabeculata y Macrocystis pyrifera sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans, mostrando halos de inhibición de 18.1 mm + 0.75 mm y 12.25 mm + 0.69 mm respectivamente. Mientras que los extractos metanólicos de Lessonia nigrescens y Chondracanthus chamissoi mostraron menor efecto antibacteriano sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans, observándose halos de 10.08 mm + 0.46 mm y 9.32 mm + 0.49 mm respectivamente. En todos los casos, los extractos metanólicos muestran una baja citoxicidad sobre células MDCK, observando una viabilidad celular de 66% para el caso de Lessonia trabeculata, 85% para el caso de Chondracanthus chamissoi, 65% para el caso de Lessonia nigrescens y 79% para el caso de Macrocystis pyrifera. Conclusiones: Se determinó que los cuatro extractos metanólicos de Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia trabeculata, Lessonia nigrescens y Chondracantus chamissoi presentan efecto antibacteriano sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans, mostrando diferencias significativas entre ellos. Además, los cuatro extractos metanólicos presentan bajo efecto citotóxico sobre MDCK a altas concentraciones. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial of the methanolic extracts of Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia trabeculata, Lessonia nigrescens and Chondracanthus chamissoi againts Streptococcus mutans (ATCC ®35668™). Material and methods: The present study was of experimental type in vitro, in which four methanolic extracts of Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia trabeculata, Lessonia nigrescens and Chondracanthus chamissoi were prepared. For each extract 6 independent tests were performed and as a positive control, the 0.12% Chlorhexidine solution was used. He went with the method of diffusion in the well of Kirby-Bauer, then proceeded to the reading of the halos with an external cover Vernier. Likewise, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (CMB) of the extracts were found and the cytotoxic effect of each methanolic extract was determined with the MTT method. Results: A higher antibacterial effect was found in the methanolic extracts of Lessonia trabeculata and Macrocystis pyrifera with halos of 18.1 mm + 0.75 mm and 12.25 mm + 0.69 mm respectively on Streptococcus mutans respectively; however, it has the minor antibacterial effect of the methanolic extracts of Lessonia nigrescens and Chondracanthus chamissoi with halos of 10.08 mm + 0.46 mm and 9.32 mm + 0.49 mm. In cell viability, Lessonia trabeculata showed an effect at 66% of concentration similar to or less than 10000 mg / ml of the extract, while the extract of Chondracanthus chamissoi showed an effect superior to 84%, the extract of Lessonia nigrescens to 65% and the extract derived from Macrocystis pyrifera at 79%. Conclusions: It was determined that the four algae have an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans, however there is a statistically significant difference between the extracts of Macrocystis pyrifera and Lessonia trabeculata with the extracts of Lessonia nigrescens and Chondracantus chamissoi. Likewise, the four algae have low cytotoxic effect at high concentrations. / Tesis

Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de Uncaria Tomentosa (Uña de Gato) sobre cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC®25923™) y Fusobacterium nucleatun (ATCC®25586™) Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro. Para la actividad antibacteriana se utilizó el método de Difusión en Agar y para determinar la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) se trabajó con el método de dilución en caldo en medio Brain Heart infusión Broth (BHI). Mientras que, la evaluación del efecto citotoxico del extracto se evaluó mediante el ensayo colorímetro del 3-(4.5-dimeltiltiazol-2-yl) -2.5-difeniltetrazolio bromuro (MTT) utilizando la línea celular Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK). Resultados : El extracto metanólico de Uncaria Tomentosa tiene efecto antibacteriano frente a la cepa de Staphylococcus aureus, observándose halos de inhibición de 31.3 ± 2.66 mm. Se utilizó la Clorhexidina al 0.12% como control positivo, con resultados superiores de 59.1 mm ± 3.6 mm. En el caso de Fusobacterium nucleatun, no se evidenció efecto antibacteriano con el extracto metanólico de Uncaria Tomentosa. La CMI del extracto fue de 0.0016 mg/ml frente al Staphylococcus. La viabilidad celular del extracto se mantiene con valores altos (16 000 mg/ml), no se encontró efecto citotóxico. Conclusiones: Con la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto de Uncaria tomentosa, se sugiere seguir con más investigaciones que aporten al conocimiento científico y a partir de ello, se puedan desarrollar nuevos medicamentos antibacterianos en distintas presentaciones y así afrontar los diferentes problemas en la salud oral. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat´s Claw) againts Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™) y Fusobacterium nucleatun (ATCC® 25586™). Material and Methods: The study was of experimental type in vitro. For the antibacterial activity the diffusion method was used in agar and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the broth dilution method was used in Brain Heart Broth infusion medium (BHI). While the evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of the extract was evaluated by the colorimeter assay of 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) using the Madin Darby Canine Kidney cell line (MDCK). Results: There is an antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of Uncaria Tomentosa against Staphylococcus aureus, where inhibition halo of 31.3 ± 2.66 mm were observed. Clorhexidine 0.12% was used as a positive control with superior results of 59.1 mm ± 3.6 mm. On the other hand, there was not antibacterial effect against the Fusobacterium nucleatum strains. Then, the MIC of the extract was 0.0016 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The cell viability of the extract is maintained at high values (16,000 mg/ml), no cytotoxic effect was found. Conclusion: With the antimicrobial activity of the extract of Uncaria tomentosa, it´s suggested to continue with more research that contributes to scientific knowledge and from this, new antibacterial drugs can be developed in different presentations and thus face the different problems in oral health. / Tesis

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-27T20:45:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-01T16:52:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T16:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Dentes humanos extra?dos s?o usados com frequ?ncias em laborat?rios e cursos de pr? ? cl?nica. Embora n?o tenha ocorrido nenhum relato da transmiss?o de doen?as com dentes humanos extra?dos, a desinfec??o/esteriliza??o desses dentes consistem em uma obrigatoriedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a efic?cia da solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% como um novo m?todo de desinfe??o/esteriliza??o de dentes humanos extra?dos, usando o microrganismo E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Neste estudo, 56 molares h?gidos foram contaminados com E. faecalis. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos para desinfec??o/esteriliza??o: Grupos n=14 Grupo 1(GI): solu??o salina; GII: autoclave; GIII: solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% por 7 dias; GIV: solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% por 14 dias. Ap?s os procedimentos, cada dente foi ent?o dividido e colocado em frascos individuais contendo o meio de crescimento por at? 14 dias. As amostras foram monitoradas quanto a evid?ncia de crescimento (turbidez) e valores de absorb?ncia. Todas os grupos experimentais promoveram redu??o de E. faecalis e diferen?as estatisticamente significativa foram observadas entre os grupos ( Teste T para amostras independentes) com valor de p< 0,05. Apenas o GII, m?todo autoclave durante 30 minutos a 121? C a 15 psi foi eficaz na preven??o do crescimento bacteriano. Para a solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% os grupos GII e GIV foram eficientes na redu??o da carga microbiana. Por?m GIV apresentou melhores resultados que GIII, 1,00 (?0,02) vs 0,89 (?0,09), respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que a solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% pode ser considerado um novo m?todo desinfetante pela capacidade de destruir e reduzir a quantidade do microrganismo E. faecalis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Extracted human teeth are used in many laboratory and preclinical courses. While there has been no report of disease transmission with extracted teeth, desinfection/sterilization should be a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sodium fluoride to 2% like a new disinfection/sterilization method of extracted human teeth using E. faecalis. In this study, 56 extracted molars without carious lesions were collected and inoculated with E. faecalis. Teeth were divided into four groups for disinfection/sterilization: Group I (GI): saline solution; GII: autoclaving; GIII: sodium fluoride to 2% for 1 week; GIV: sodium fluoride to 2% for 2 weeks. Each tooth was then placed in an individual test tube with growth medium. Samples were examined for evidence of growth (turbity) and absorbance values. All experimental groups promoted reduction of E. faecalis and a statistically significant difference was observed between groups ( test t for independet samples) with p<0,05. Only GII, method autoclaving for 30 minutes at 121? C and 15 psi was effective in preventing growth. However, GIV showed better results than GIII, 1,00 (?0,02) vs 0,89 (?0,09), respectively. These results suggest that the solution of sodium fluoride to 2% can be a new method for disinfecting because of the ability to destroy and reduce the amount of microorganism E. faecalis.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir hidroxiapatita (HA) contendo diferentes tipos de própolis de origem brasileira e avaliar a possível atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais. Os extratos etanólicos de própolis (EEP) vermelha, verde e marrom foram obtidos em solução alcoólica 80%. EEP verde e vermelha (8 mg/mL e 20 mg/mL) foram incorporados ao material a 10% (m/v) via atomização (spray drying), obtendo-se HA-GP8, HA-GP20, HA-RP8 e HA-RP20. Os EEP e os materiais foram caracterizados quanto ao conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais. A atividade antimicrobiana dos EEP foi avaliada por difusão em ágar, concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e bactericida mínima (CBM) frente à Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) e Escherichia coli (E. coli). Os pós de HA incorporados com própolis foram avaliados frente à S. aureus por contagem de colônias bacterianas em placa, CIM e CBM. A caracterização dos materiais foi realizada por difração de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A citotoxicidade foi determinada pelo cálculo da viabilidade celular, realizada pelo método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. Para os extratos, o conteúdo de fenólicos variou entre 278,3 e 325,6 mg EAG/g ES. EEP vermelha mostrou maior conteúdo de flavonoides (112,4 mg EQ/g ES) em relação aos outros EEP (48,4 e 52,3 mg EQ/g ES), apresentando maior atividade inibitória (CIM) frente à S. aureus e S. Epidermidis (12,5 &micro;g/mL), comparado ao EEP verde (100 e 200 &micro;g/mL) e marrom (200 &micro;g/mL). Para CBM, os EEP vermelha e verde foram mais efetivos (800 &micro;g/mL) comparado ao EEP marrom (1600 &micro;g/mL), frente às mesmas bactérias. Entretanto, não foi observada atividade frente à E coli. A caracterização dos pós incorporados ou não com própolis apresentou estrutura cristalina e morfologia aparentemente esférica, indicando diminuição no grau de aglomeração com a adição de própolis. FTIR indicou a presença de grupos funcionais característicos para HA e própolis. Os materiais apresentaram alta liberação de fenólicos (228,3 a 327,6 mg EAG/g ES) e menores quantidades de flavonoides (14,0 a 35,8 mg EQ/g ES), sendo as maiores quantidades de flavonoides atribuída à HA contendo própolis vermelha. Foi verificado efeito bactericida a partir de 0,5 h (HA-RP20 e HA-GP20) e 1 h (HA-RP8 e HA-GP8) e menor atividade inibitória (CIM) para HA-GP20 e HA-GP8 (175,4 e 182,0 &micro;g/mL) e para HA-RP20 e HA-RP8 (51,7 e 66,8 &micro;g/mL), comparado aos EEP. Entretanto, observou-se maior atividade bactericida (CBM) para HA-GP20 e HA-GP8 (701,5 e 728,0 &micro;g/mL) e para HA-RP20 e HA-RP8 (206,5 e 267,0 &micro;g/mL), em relação aos EEP. O ensaio de citotoxicidade mostrou valores para IC50 (concentração que reflete 50% da viabilidade celular) de 387,1 e 84,8 &micro;g/mL para as amostras HA-GP8 e HA-RP8, respectivamente. Considerando os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, sugere-se que a HA incorporada com própolis (HA-GP8 e HA-RP8) pode ser utilizada como possível agente antimicrobiano, inibindo o crescimento de S. aureus, respeitando-se os valores máximos para IC50. Entretanto, não poderia ser utilizada como agente bactericida, uma vez que nestas condições os materiais apresentaram efeito citotóxico. / The aim of this study was to produce hydroxyapatite (HA) containing different types of propolis of Brazilian origin and to evaluate the possible antimicrobial activity materials. The ethanolic extracts of red, green and brown propolis (EEP) were obtained in alcoholic solution 80%. Green and red EEP (8 mg / mL and 20 mg / mL) were incorporated into the 10% (m/v) via atomization (spray drying), obtaining HA-GP8, HA-GP20, HA-RP8 and HA -RP20. EEP and materials were characterized regarding the content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity of the EPS was evaluated by diffusion in agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The HA powders incorporated with propolis were evaluated against S. aureus by plate colony counting , CIM and CBM. Materials characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxicity of the materials was determined by cell viability calculation, which was made by the neutral red incorporation method. For extracts, phenolic content ranged from 278.3 to 325.6 mg EAG/g ES. The red EEP showed a higher flavonoid content (112.4 mg EQ/g ES) than the other EEP (48.4 and 52.3 mg EQ/g ES), showing a higher inhibitory activity (MIC) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis (12.5 &micro;g/mL) compared to green EEP (100 and 200 &micro;g/mL) and brown (200 &micro;g/mL). For CBM, red and green EEP were more effective (800 &micro;g/mL) compared to brown EEP (1600 &micro;g/mL) against the same bacteria. However, no activity was observed against E coli. The characterization of the powders incorporated or not with propolis presented crystalline structure and apparently spherical morphology, indicating a decrease in the degree of agglomeration with the addition of propolis. FTIR indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic for HA and propolis. The materials presented high phenolic release (228.3 to 327.6 mg EAG/g ES) and lower amounts of flavonoids (14.0 to 35.8 mg EQ/g ES), with the highest amounts of flavonoids attributed to HA containing red propolis. The bactericidal effect for all materials was observed within the interval of 0.5 (HA-RP20 and HA-GP20) to 1 hour (HA-RP8 and HA-GP8). The materials showed lower inhibitory activity (MIC) for HA-GP20 and HA-GP8 (175, 4 and 182.0 &micro;g/mL) and for HA-RP20 and HA-RP8 (51.7 and 66.8 &micro;g/mL) compared to EEP. However, higher bactericidal activity (MBC) was observed for HA-GP20 and HA-GP8 (701.5 and 728.0 &micro;g/mL) and for HA-RP20 and HA-RP8 (206.5 and 267.0 &micro;g/mL) when compared to the EEP. The cytotoxicity assay showed values for IC50 (concentration that reflects 50% of cellular viability) of 387.1 and 84.8 &micro;g/mL for HA-GP8 and HA-RP8 samples, respectively. Considering the results obtained in this work, it is suggested that HA incorporated with propolis (HA-GP8 and HA-RP8) can be used as a possible antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, respecting the maximum values for IC50. However, it could not be used as a bactericidal agent, since under these conditions the materials had a cytotoxic effect.

Submitted by Heitor Rapela Medeiros (heitor.rapela@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T14:19:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL CATALOGADA pdf.pdf: 1854643 bytes, checksum: 5ab49e0673ca1166ac07779b3cf8e0b0 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T14:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL CATALOGADA pdf.pdf: 1854643 bytes, checksum: 5ab49e0673ca1166ac07779b3cf8e0b0 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / CAPES / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de novos derivados aril-tioureidocicloalquil[ b]tiofenos e 2[(4-tiazolidinona)-amino]-cicloalquil[b]tiofenos (LPSF/ZA), por estratégia de hibridação molecular afim de reunir características estruturais em uma única estrutura para alcançar um novo composto com propriedades farmacológicas mista, dual ou dupla. A síntese consiste na reação de Gewald para obtenção de 2-aminotiofeno, seguida de reações comarilisotiocinatos fornecendo os derivados aril-tioureido-cicloalquil[b]tiofenos que por ciclização com ácido monocloroácetico forneceu os derivados híbridos 4-tiazolidina- 2-amino-cicloalquil[b]tiofenos. Todos os compostos tiveram suas estruturas comprovadas por RMN1H, RMN 13C e IV. Os compostos foram testados frente aos seus potenciais antimicromianos em testes de sensibilidade antifúngica frente a 6 cepas fúngicas, Candida albicans (ATCC – 76485 e LM – V42), Candida tropicalis (ATCC – 13803 e LM – 14), e Cryptococcus neoformans (ICB – 59 e LM – 0310). Para os testes antifúngicos os resultados obtidos não apresentaram grande relevância biológicas ficando as CIM (concentração inibitória mínima) estabelecidas entre β56 e 1048 g/ mL, comparado miconazol a 50 μg/mL como controle antifúngico. Diante dos resultados obtidos os derivados foram classificados como inativos e a maioria das cepas bacterianas apresentaram resistência. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que a associação cicloalquitiofeno e 4-tiazolidinona não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para atividade antimicrobiana, no entanto, a literatura indica a possibilidade de resultados promissores em testes antiinflamatórios e antitumorais.

"I Concurso de Investigación, Proyectos de Intervención y de Emprendedurismo", evento académico desarrollado el 16 de diciembre de 2020 de manera virtual, Lima, Perú. Se presentaron los proyectos de intervención y de Emprendedurismo desarrollado por la comunidad de Odontología en UPC.. Ganador Segundo Puesto. / Evaluar in vitro el efecto antibacteriano y citotóxico de los extractos metanólicos de Phyllanthus niruri y Caesalpinia spinosa y la fusión de ambos sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. (ATCC 29212).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) on Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC10556). Materials and Methods: The methanolic extract of green tea (commercial and bulk) was examined on Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC10556), using the well assay method. A total of 24 plates for the first extract (Commercial) and the same amount for the extract No. 2 (Bulk) were used and were divided into groups of 12 disks for each bacterium, with a total of 4 disks per group. In addition, each plate contained 3 disks embedded with tea and 1 disc with 0.12% chlorhexidine as a control group. Results: It was found antibacterial effect in both methanolic extracts of green tea. No statistically significant differences when comparing the natural green tea with the other extract, in every single microorganism. A p value of 0.18 and 0.63 respectively were obtained. The methanol extract of the commercial green tea had better antibacterial effect than the second extract with an average of 19.72 mm, for the second extract of green tea was 18.1 mm against Streptococcus mutans, whereas for Streptococcus sanguinis was 17.94mm and 16.46 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the commercial and bulk extract was 0.08 gr/ml against Streptococcus mutans and 0.08 gr/ml and 0.25 gr/ml against the strains of Streptococcus sanguinis respectively. Conclusions: Both methanolics extracts, commercial and bulk have anti Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC10556) activity in vitro. The activity of commercial tea had better effects than the bulk methanolic extract. / Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto antibacteriano de la Camellia sinensis (té verde) frente al Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y al Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC10556). Materiales y métodos: Se probaron dos extractos de té verde, uno comercial y otro a granel. Se utilizaron 24 discos para el primer extracto (Comercial) y la misma cantidad para el segundo extracto metanólico (Granel), se dividieron en grupos de 12 discos para cada bacteria, con un total de 4 placas petri por cada uno. Además, cada placa contenía 3 discos embebidos de té y 1 disco con Clorhexidina al 0.12% como grupo control. Estas muestras fueron analizadas con el método de difusión en agar con discos y los halos de inhibición se midieron a las 72 horas. Resultados: Se encontró efecto antibacteriano para ambos extractos probados. El promedio del halo de inhibición para el extracto de té verde comercial fue de 19.72 mm y para el extracto de té verde a granel fue de 18.1 mm frente al Streptococcus mutans, mientras que para el Streptococcus sanguinis la media obtenida fue de 17.94 mm y 16.46 mm respectivamente. Con respecto a la Concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI), para el caso de Streptococcus mutans se determinó una CMI de 0.08 gr/ml para el extracto comercial y al extracto a granel. Mientras que para el caso de Streptococcus sanguinis la CMI fue de 0.08 gr/ml para el extracto comercial y de 0.25 gr/ml para el extracto a granel. Conclusiones: Ambos extractos metanólicos de té verde presentaron efecto antibacteriano contra las cepas del Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC10556). El té verde comercial fue el que presentó mayor efecto antibacteriano que el extracto a granel. / Tesis

The target was evaluate the “in vitro” antibacterial effect about five peruvian propolis on strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), Having an experimental study design “in vitro” made in laboratorie of Microbiology of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences. Materials and Methods: Sample size were about ten holes for each of the five extracts of propolis, either for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis individualy. The antibacterial effect was developed with the technical “Agar overlay interference test”, which is used 200ml of Agar BHI homogenized with bacteria indispensably (a bottle for bacteria). This agar is distributed in the plates, once solidified the holes are made with 150μL of different kinds of propolis and the control group called Clorhexidine 0.12%. Completed this process is placed in the anaerobiosis chamber on 37º C, for 72 hours. Finally, the measurement of the inhibitory halo is made. Results: The methanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa-Perú present inhibition halos in larger averaging of 33.15 + 3.26 mm against strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), their average was about 23.23 + 0.82mm. In case of 4 extracts of commercial, just 3 of them (tincture of propolis Farmagel, Madre Nature y Kaita®), had bacterian activity in front of the studies strains. In all cases the antibacterian activity is less than positive control. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa-Peru, made in the laboratory has better antibacterian activity than commercial extracts against strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATTC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). About the four commercial propolis evaluated on this study, propolis tincture Farmagel, Kaita®, Madre Natura and Max propolis tincture, only three of this have antibacterial activity against strains of de Streptococcus mutants (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). / El objetivo fue evaluar in vitro el efecto antibacteriano de cinco propóleos peruanos sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) teniendo un diseño de estudio experimental in vitro, realizado en el laboratorio de Microbiología de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Materiales y métodos: se comparó el efecto antibacteriano de cuatro marcas comerciales de propóleo Tintura de propóleo Farmagel, Tintura de propóleo Max, Madre Natura, Kaita® y un extracto metanólico de propóleo de Oxapampa, el cual se elaboró en el laboratorio de Bioquímica de la UPC, como control (+) la clorhexidina al 0.12%. Para este estudio se utilizó 10 pocillos por cada extracto de propóleo, para el Streptococcus mutans y para el Streptococcus sanguinis individualmente. Se desarrolló con la técnica “Agar overlay interference test”, para lo cual se utilizó 200ml de Agar BHI homogenizado con las bacterias de manera independiente (un frasco por bacteria). Se distribuyó este agar en las placas, una vez solidificado se realizaron los pocillos con 150μL de los distintos tipos de propóleo y para el grupo control, se utilizó clorhexidina al 0.12%. Terminado este proceso se colocó en la cámara de anaerobiosis a 37°C, durante 72 horas. Por último, se realizó la medición del halo inhibitorio con una regla Vernier. Resultados: El extracto metanólico de propóleo de Oxapampa presentó halos de inhibición de mayor tamaño con una media de 33.15 + 3.26 mm frente a las cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), para el Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) su media fue de 23.23 + 0.82 mm. En el caso de los 4 extractos de propóleo comerciales, sólo 3 de ellos (Tintura de propóleo Farmagel, Madre Natura y Kaita®), tuvieron actividad antibacteriana frente a las cepas estudiadas, en todos los casos la actividad antibacteriana es menor que el control (+). Conclusiones: El extracto metanólico de propóleo de Oxapampa elaborado en el laboratorio tiene mayor actividad antibacteriana que los extractos comerciales frente a las cepas Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). De los 4 propóleos comerciales evaluados en el estudio, Tintura de propóleo Farmagel, Kaita®, Madre Natura y Tintura de propóleo Max, sólo tres de ellos tiene actividad antibacteriana frente a las cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). / The target was evaluate the “in vitro” antibacterial effect about five peruvian propolis on strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), Having an experimental study design “in vitro” made in laboratorie of Microbiology of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences. Materials and Methods: Sample size were about ten holes for each of the five extracts of propolis, either for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis individualy. The antibacterial effect was developed with the technical “Agar overlay interference test”, which is used 200ml of Agar BHI homogenized with bacteria indispensably (a bottle for bacteria). This agar is distributed in the plates, once solidified the holes are made with 150μL of different kinds of propolis and the control group called Clorhexidine 0.12%. Completed this process is placed in the anaerobiosis chamber on 37º C, for 72 hours. Finally, the measurement of the inhibitory halo is made. Results: The methanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa-Perú present inhibition halos in larger averaging of 33.15 + 3.26 mm against strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), their average was about 23.23 + 0.82mm. In case of 4 extracts of commercial, just 3 of them (tincture of propolis Farmagel, Madre Nature y Kaita® ), had bacterian activity in front of the studies strains. In all cases the antibacterian activity is less than positive control. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa-Peru, made in the laboratory has better antibacterian activity than commercial extracts against strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATTC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). About the four commercial propolis evaluated on this study, propolis tincture Farmagel, Kaita® , Madre Natura and Max propolis tincture, only three of this have antibacterial activity against strains of de Streptococcus mutants (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). / Tesis