Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

O câncer de mama é o carcinoma que mais acomete mulheres no Brasil. Os tratamentos disponíveis são recomendados a partir da análise de fatores de prognóstico como a classificação pelo sistema TNM, tipo histológico, status de receptores hormonais e marcadores de proliferação tumoral. No entanto, a classificação dos tumores de mama é muito variável e o poder prognóstico dos marcadores tumorais atuais ainda é limitado, levando muitas pacientes à terapia adjuvante desnecessária. Portanto, novos métodos de prognóstico mais sensíveis são necessários para melhorar a tomada de decisão na clínica oncológica de pacientes com câncer de mama. Do ponto de vista de ciência básica, as modificações transcricionais associadas à oncogênese e progressão do câncer de mama ainda são pouco conhecidas. Além da alteração na expressão de genes codificadores para proteínas, evidências recentes sugerem que RNAs não-codificadores (ncRNAs) podem ter um papel importante na transformação maligna. Este projeto teve como principais objetivos: i) investigar a expressão de ncRNAs intrônicos em amostras de adenocarcinoma de mama e ii) identificar assinaturas de expressão gênica associadas a características anatomo-patológicas e clínicas de tumores de mama com potencial aplicação clínica. Para isso, foram comparados os perfis de expressão gênica de 58 amostras de tecido tumoral de mama, com seguimento clínico conhecido, utilizando uma plataforma de microarranjos de cDNA, enriquecida em ncRNAs provenientes de regiões intrônicas de genes humanos conhecidos. 9 Durante o projeto foram testadas diferentes metodologias para análise da expressão gênica utilizando microarranjos de cDNA com uma ou duas cores. O desenho experimental das hibridizações incluiu a co-hibridização de cada microarranjo com alvos fluorescentes representando o transcritoma da amostra de tumor juntamente com um oligonucleotídeo referência complementar a uma região presente em todas as sondas de cDNA (RefOligo). Este desenho experimental permitiu a avaliação de duas abordagens de análise da expressão gênica: a primeira baseada nas intensidades diretas de cada transcrito (One-Color) e a segunda baseada em razões de expressão onde a intensidade de cada transcrito foi normalizada pelo oligonucleotídeo referência (RefOligo). A utilização direta das intensidades se mostrou mais reprodutível e sensível para a detecção de assinaturas de expressão correlacionadas com características das amostras de mama, e essa abordagem foi escolhida para as análises subseqüentes. Os dados provenientes dos experimentos de microarranjos revelaram níveis de expressão ubíqüos dos transcritos intrônicos nas amostras analisadas, extendendo para o câncer de mama a relevância do estudo desta classe de ncRNAs. Além disso, foi identificada uma assinatura contendo 95 transcritos, correlacionada com o status de expressão do receptor de estrogênio (REr), dos quais cerca de 15% correspondem a ncRNAs. Utilizando apenas amostras com seguimento clínico superior a 4 anos, foi identificada uma assinatura com 113 transcritos, dos quais cerca de 30% são ncRNAs intrônicos, capaz de distinguir com 100% de acurácia pacientes que desenvolveram metástase daqueles que permaneceram livres da doença. Além de contribuir com novos candidatos a marcadores de prognóstico no câncer de mama, este estudo aponta para a participação de ncRNAs intrônicos em complexas redes transcricionais, possivelmente modulando a expressão de genes codificadores para proteínas. A caracterização detalhada da função de ncRNAs com expressão correlacionada a características fenotípicas e clínicas dos tumores de mama deverá fornecer novas informações sobre as bases moleculares da tumorigênese e progressão desta neoplasia. / Breast carcinoma is the most frequently occurring cancer amongst women in Brazil. The treatments available for breast cancer are prescribed based on the results of prognostic factors, such as the TNM classification system, histological type, hormonal receptor status and tumoral markers for cell proliferation. Nevertheless, breast cancer classification can be variable and inconsistent, and the prognosis power of tumoral markers is still limited, resulting in many patients unnecessarily undergoing adjuvant therapy. Therefore, there is an urge for new prognosis methods that are more sensitive, as well as accurate, in order to improve treatment decisions for breast cancer patients. From a basic science perspective, transcriptional modifications associated with oncogenesis and breast cancer progression are still poorly understood. Beyond alterations of the expression of protein-coding genes, recent evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) might have an important role in malignant transformation. The main goals of this project are: i) to investigate the expression of intronic ncRNAs in breast cancer tissue and ii) to identify gene expression signatures correlated to anatomo-pathological and clinical characteristics of human breast tumors, with a potential clinical aplication. To achieve this, gene expression profiles of 58 breast tumor samples with clinical follow-up were compared using a microarray platform enriched in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from intronic regions of known human genes. During this project different gene expression methodologies were tested for the analysis of one- or two-color cDNA microarrays. The experimental design included the co-hybridization of the microarrays with fluorescent targets representing the tumor sample transcriptome with a reference oligonucleotide that is complementary to a 12 common region present in all cDNA probes (RefOligo). This experimental design permited the evaluation of two gene expression analysis approaches: the first based on direct intensities of each transcript (One-Color) and the second based in expression ratios where the intensity of each transcript is normalized by the reference oligonucleotide (RefOligo). One-Color methodology has shown to provide a more reproducible and sensitive gene expression signatures correlated to the breast samples characteristics and, therefore, this approach was chosen for subsequent analysis. The data provided by the microarray experiments revealed that ubiquitous expression of intronic ncRNAs was observed, confirming the relevance of investigating the role of this class of ncRNAs in breast cancer. Furthermore, a gene expression signature comprising 95 transcripts and correlated to the estrogen receptor status of breast tumor samples was identified, from which approximately 15% are ncRNAs. Using only samples from patients with known follow-up, a signature of 113 transcripts was identified, of which 30% are ncRNAs. This gene expression signature was able to distinguish with 100% accuracy patients that developed metastasis from those that remained disease-free up to 4 years after surgery. Besides the contribution of new molecular prognostic markers for breast cancer, the present study indicates that intronic ncRNAs might play a role in complex transcriptional networks, possibly regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. The detailed caracterization of the functional roles of ncRNAs, whose expression levels are correlated to fenotypical and clinical characteristics of breast tumors, is likely to provide new insigths on the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and progression of this neoplasia.

This thesis is concerned with synthesis, structure and biochemical analysis of chemically modified oligonucleotides with potential therapeutic applications. The three types of chemical modifications described here are: (a) A North-East locked 1',2'-azetidine nucleoside (b) A North locked 2',4'-cyanomethylene bridged nucleoside and (c) A 2',4'-aza-ENA-T nucleoside. The synthesis of the 1',2'-azetidine fused nucleosides was described using two different approaches. A highly strained 2',4'-cyanomethylene locked nucleoside was synthesized but could not be converted to the phosphoramidite derivative due to instability during derivatization. The key cyclization step in the aza-ENA-T nucleoside synthesis gave rise to two separable diastereomers due to chirality at the exocyclic nitrogen. Conversion of diastereomer 55 to 56 occurred with a large free energy of activation (ΔG‡ = 23.4 kcal mol-1 at 298 K in pyridine-d5). Of the two isomers the equatorial NH product was more stable than the axial one due to reduced 1,3 diaxial interactions. As a result, all NH axial product was converted to the equatorial isomer during subsequent steps in the synthesis. NMR and ab initio experiments confirmed the North-East structure of the 1',2'-azetidine locked nucleoside and North conformation of aza-ENA-T locked nucleosides with a chair conformation of the piperidine ring. The amino modified nucleosides were incorporated into different positions of a 15mer oligonucleotide. The azetidine modified AONs did not form stable duplexes with complementary RNA (ΔTm ~-1 to -4 °C), but they performed better than previously synthesized isosequential 1',2'-oxetane modified oligonucleotides. The 2',4'-aza-ENA-T modified oligonucleotide, on the other hand, showed excellent target affinity with complementary RNA (ΔTm ~+4 °C). The azetidine and aza-ENA-T modified oligonucleotides showed significant stability in the presence of human serum and snake venom phosphodiesterase (3'-exonuclease) as compared to the unmodified native sequence. The singly modified 15mer oligonucleotides were also subjected to RNase H promoted digestion in order to evaluate their potential as effective antisense agents. The effective enzyme activity (kcat/Km) was found to be lower in the modified AONs due to reduced enzyme-substrate binding. However, the catalytic activity of RNase H with these modified-AON:RNA duplexes were higher than observed with the native duplex.

This thesis is based on six original research publications describing synthesis, structure and physicochemical and biochemical analysis of chemically modified oligonucleotides (ONs) in terms of their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Synthesis of two types of bicyclic conformationally constrained nucleosides, North-East locked 1',2'-azetidine and North locked 2',4'-aza-ENA, is described. Study of the molecular structures and dynamics of bicyclic nucleosides showed that depending upon the type of fused system they fall into two distinct categories with their respective internal dynamics and type of sugar conformation. The physicochemical properties of the nucleobases in the conformationally constrained nucleosides found to be depended on the site and ring-size of the fused system. The incorporation of azetidine modified nucleotide units into 15mer ONs lowered the affinity toward the complementary RNA. However, they performed better than previously reported isosequential 1',2'-oxetane modified analogues. Whereas aza-ENA-T modification incorporated into ONs significantly enhanced affinity to the complementary RNA. To evaluate the antisense potential of azetidine-T and aza-ENA-T modified ONs, they were subjected to RNase H promoted cleavage as well as tested towards nucleolytic degradation. Kinetic experiments showed that modified ONs recruit RNase H, however with lower enzyme efficiency due to decreased enzyme-substrate binding affinity, but with enhanced turnover number. Both, azetidine-T and aza-ENA-T modified ONs demonstrated improved 3'-exonuclease stability in the presence of snake venom phosphodiesterase and human serum compared to the unmodified sequence. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing pyrene-functionalized azetidine-T (Aze-pyr X) and aza-ENA-T (Aza-ENA-pyr Y) modifications showed different fluorescence properties. The X modified ODNs hybridized to the complementary DNA and RNA showed variable increase in the fluorescence intensity depending upon the nearest-neighbor at the 3'-end to X modification (dA > dG > dT > dC) with high fluorescence quantum yield. However, the Y modified ODNs showed a sensible enhancement of the fluorescence intensity only with complementary DNA. Also, the X modified ODN showed decrease (~37-fold) in the fluorescence intensity upon duplex formation with RNA containing a G nucleobase mismatch opposite to the modification site, whereas a ~3-fold increase was observed for the Y modified probe.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

No description available.

Ionized calcium (Ca2+), acting as an intracellular messenger, controls numerous biological processes that are essential for life. However, it is also able to convey signals that result in cell death. The fidelity of Ca2+ as a universal second messenger therefore depends on mechanisms that specifically and dynamically regulate its levels within a cell, as well as maintain resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) very low. One such mechanism for Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis is the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), which is a primary active Ca2+ transporter that translocates Ca2+ from a low intracellular Ca2+ environment to a high extracellular environment. There are four mammalian PMCA isoforms (PMCA1-4), which are differentially expressed depending on tissue or cell type. PMCA isoforms possess different sensitivities to biochemical regulation of Ca2+ efflux activity and are also able to subtly alter the dynamics of Ca2+ signals. These properties suggest that the PMCA is not merely a trivial mechanism for Ca2+ extrusion but is influential in contributing to the Ca2+ signaling requirements and unique physiology of different cells. The indispensable nature of Ca2+ signaling in organs such as the brain, heart and skeletal muscle has been the studied extensively but little is known about the roles and regulation of Ca2+ in the mammary gland. This is despite the fact that the mammary gland is a site of extensive Ca2+ flux during lactation. However, cumulating evidence indicates that upregulation of PMCA2 expression in the mammary gland is a major mechanism for milk Ca2+ enrichment. Therefore, the PMCA is likely to be an important mediator of bulk Ca2+ homeostasis in the mammary gland. Studies in other model systems also suggest that PMCAs may regulate other cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis that are required for normal mammary gland physiology. These basic cellular processes are also disturbed in breast cancer and hence deregulation of PMCA expression in the mammary gland may have pathophysiological consequences. Previous studies show that PMCA1 expression is greater in tumorigenic MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells compared to non-tumorigenic MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, the expression of PMCA1b and PMCA4b is lower in human skin and lung fibroblasts neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40, compared to non-transformed counterparts. It is therefore hypothesized that regulation of PMCA isoform expression is disrupted in breast cancer and that inhibition of PMCA expression in an in vitro model of breast cancer has important effects in modulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This thesis describes the use of real time RT-PCR to compare PMCA isoform mRNA expression in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic mammary gland epithelial cells. It demonstrates that particular breast cancer cell lines overexpress PMCA2, an isoform with restricted tissue distribution and which is present in abundant amounts in the lactating rat mammary gland. Thus, some breast cancers may be characterized by the overexpression of Ca2+ transporters that are normally upregulated during the physiological course of lactation. The pathophysiological significance of PMCA2 overexpression in breast cancer is uncertain and future investigations should look at whether levels of PMCA isoform expression correlate with malignancy, prognosis or survival. To address the second hypothesis of this thesis, a stable MCF-7 Tet-off human breast cancer cell line able to conditionally express PMCA antisense was generated. This strategy was necessary due to the current lack of specific pharmacological inhibitors of the PMCA. This thesis shows that PMCA antisense expression significantly inhibits PMCA protein expression, while subtly affecting PMCA-mediated Ca2+ efflux without causing cell death. However, it also reveals that inhibition of PMCA expression has major effects in mediating cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Moderate changes in PMCA expression and PMCA-mediated Ca2+ transport result in dramatic consequences in MCF-7 cell proliferation. These studies not only support the supposition that modulation of Ca2+ signaling is a viable therapeutic approach for breast cancer but also suggest that PMCAs are possible drug targets. Alternatively, inhibitors of the PMCA may act as adjuvants to augment the efficacy of other anti-neoplastic agents like tamoxifen that have been shown to modulate Ca2+ signaling. Since the discovery of a new family of primary active Ca2+ transporters, which are related to PMCAs, the opportunities in this field of research are very promising.

Les rétrotransposons sont des éléments génétiques mobiles qui constituent presque la moitié de notre génome. Seule la sous-famille L1HS appartenant à la classe des Long Interspersed Element-1(LINE-1 ou L1) a gardé une capacité de mobilité autonome chez l’Homme. Leur mobilisation dans la lignée germinale, mais Aussi dans certains tissus somatiques, contribue à la diversité du génome humain ainsi qu’à certaines maladies comme le cancer. Ainsi, de nouvelles copies de L1 peuvent directement s'intégrer dans des séquences codantes ou régulatrices, et altérer leur fonction. De plus, les séquences L1 contiennent elles-mêmes plusieurs éléments cis-régulateurs et leur insertion à proximité ou dans un gène peut produire des altérations génétiques plus subtiles. Afin d'explorer l'ensemble de ces altérations à l'échelle du génome, nous avons développé un logiciel dédié à l’analyse des données de séquençage d'ARN qui permet d'identifier des transcrits chimériques ou antisens impliquant les L1 et d'annoter ces isoformes en fonction des différents événements d’épissage alternatif subits. Au cours de ce travail, il est apparu que la compréhension du lien entre polymorphisme des insertions et phénotype nécessite une vue complète des différentes copies L1HS présentes chez un individu donné. Afin de disposer d'un catalogue aussi complet que possible de ces polymorphismes identifiés dans des échantillons humains sains ou pathologiques et publiés dans des journaux scientifiques, nous avons développé euL1db, la base de données des insertions de rétrotransposon L1HS chez l’Homme. En conclusion, ce travail aidera à comprendre l’impact des L1 sur l’expression des gènes, à l'échelle du génome. / Retrotransposons are mobile genetics elements, which form almost half of our genome. Only the L1HS subfamily of the Long Interspersed Element-1 class (LINE-1 or L1) has retained the ability to jump autonomously in humans. Their mobilization in the germline – but also in some somatic tissues – contributes to human genetic diversity and to diseases, such as cancer. L1 reactivation can be directly mutagenic by disrupting genes or regulatory sequences. In addition, L1 sequences themselves contain many regulatory cis-elements. Thus, L1 insertions near a gene or within intronic sequences can also produce more subtle genic alterations. To explore L1-mediated genic alterations in a genome-wide manner, we have developed a dedicated RNA-seq analysis software able to identify L1 chimeric or antisense transcripts and to annotate these novel isoforms with their associated alternative splicing events. During the course of this work, it appeared that understanding the link between L1HS insertion polymorphisms and phenotype or disease requires a comprehensive view of the different L1HS copies present in a given individual or sample. To provide a comprehensive summary of L1HS insertion polymorphisms identified in healthy or pathological human samples and published in peer-reviewed journals, we developed euL1db, the European database of L1HS retrotransposon insertions in humans. This work will help understanding the overall impact of L1 insertions on gene expression, at a genome-wide scale.

O câncer de mama é o carcinoma que mais acomete mulheres no Brasil. Os tratamentos disponíveis são recomendados a partir da análise de fatores de prognóstico como a classificação pelo sistema TNM, tipo histológico, status de receptores hormonais e marcadores de proliferação tumoral. No entanto, a classificação dos tumores de mama é muito variável e o poder prognóstico dos marcadores tumorais atuais ainda é limitado, levando muitas pacientes à terapia adjuvante desnecessária. Portanto, novos métodos de prognóstico mais sensíveis são necessários para melhorar a tomada de decisão na clínica oncológica de pacientes com câncer de mama. Do ponto de vista de ciência básica, as modificações transcricionais associadas à oncogênese e progressão do câncer de mama ainda são pouco conhecidas. Além da alteração na expressão de genes codificadores para proteínas, evidências recentes sugerem que RNAs não-codificadores (ncRNAs) podem ter um papel importante na transformação maligna. Este projeto teve como principais objetivos: i) investigar a expressão de ncRNAs intrônicos em amostras de adenocarcinoma de mama e ii) identificar assinaturas de expressão gênica associadas a características anatomo-patológicas e clínicas de tumores de mama com potencial aplicação clínica. Para isso, foram comparados os perfis de expressão gênica de 58 amostras de tecido tumoral de mama, com seguimento clínico conhecido, utilizando uma plataforma de microarranjos de cDNA, enriquecida em ncRNAs provenientes de regiões intrônicas de genes humanos conhecidos. 9 Durante o projeto foram testadas diferentes metodologias para análise da expressão gênica utilizando microarranjos de cDNA com uma ou duas cores. O desenho experimental das hibridizações incluiu a co-hibridização de cada microarranjo com alvos fluorescentes representando o transcritoma da amostra de tumor juntamente com um oligonucleotídeo referência complementar a uma região presente em todas as sondas de cDNA (RefOligo). Este desenho experimental permitiu a avaliação de duas abordagens de análise da expressão gênica: a primeira baseada nas intensidades diretas de cada transcrito (One-Color) e a segunda baseada em razões de expressão onde a intensidade de cada transcrito foi normalizada pelo oligonucleotídeo referência (RefOligo). A utilização direta das intensidades se mostrou mais reprodutível e sensível para a detecção de assinaturas de expressão correlacionadas com características das amostras de mama, e essa abordagem foi escolhida para as análises subseqüentes. Os dados provenientes dos experimentos de microarranjos revelaram níveis de expressão ubíqüos dos transcritos intrônicos nas amostras analisadas, extendendo para o câncer de mama a relevância do estudo desta classe de ncRNAs. Além disso, foi identificada uma assinatura contendo 95 transcritos, correlacionada com o status de expressão do receptor de estrogênio (REr), dos quais cerca de 15% correspondem a ncRNAs. Utilizando apenas amostras com seguimento clínico superior a 4 anos, foi identificada uma assinatura com 113 transcritos, dos quais cerca de 30% são ncRNAs intrônicos, capaz de distinguir com 100% de acurácia pacientes que desenvolveram metástase daqueles que permaneceram livres da doença. Além de contribuir com novos candidatos a marcadores de prognóstico no câncer de mama, este estudo aponta para a participação de ncRNAs intrônicos em complexas redes transcricionais, possivelmente modulando a expressão de genes codificadores para proteínas. A caracterização detalhada da função de ncRNAs com expressão correlacionada a características fenotípicas e clínicas dos tumores de mama deverá fornecer novas informações sobre as bases moleculares da tumorigênese e progressão desta neoplasia. / Breast carcinoma is the most frequently occurring cancer amongst women in Brazil. The treatments available for breast cancer are prescribed based on the results of prognostic factors, such as the TNM classification system, histological type, hormonal receptor status and tumoral markers for cell proliferation. Nevertheless, breast cancer classification can be variable and inconsistent, and the prognosis power of tumoral markers is still limited, resulting in many patients unnecessarily undergoing adjuvant therapy. Therefore, there is an urge for new prognosis methods that are more sensitive, as well as accurate, in order to improve treatment decisions for breast cancer patients. From a basic science perspective, transcriptional modifications associated with oncogenesis and breast cancer progression are still poorly understood. Beyond alterations of the expression of protein-coding genes, recent evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) might have an important role in malignant transformation. The main goals of this project are: i) to investigate the expression of intronic ncRNAs in breast cancer tissue and ii) to identify gene expression signatures correlated to anatomo-pathological and clinical characteristics of human breast tumors, with a potential clinical aplication. To achieve this, gene expression profiles of 58 breast tumor samples with clinical follow-up were compared using a microarray platform enriched in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from intronic regions of known human genes. During this project different gene expression methodologies were tested for the analysis of one- or two-color cDNA microarrays. The experimental design included the co-hybridization of the microarrays with fluorescent targets representing the tumor sample transcriptome with a reference oligonucleotide that is complementary to a 12 common region present in all cDNA probes (RefOligo). This experimental design permited the evaluation of two gene expression analysis approaches: the first based on direct intensities of each transcript (One-Color) and the second based in expression ratios where the intensity of each transcript is normalized by the reference oligonucleotide (RefOligo). One-Color methodology has shown to provide a more reproducible and sensitive gene expression signatures correlated to the breast samples characteristics and, therefore, this approach was chosen for subsequent analysis. The data provided by the microarray experiments revealed that ubiquitous expression of intronic ncRNAs was observed, confirming the relevance of investigating the role of this class of ncRNAs in breast cancer. Furthermore, a gene expression signature comprising 95 transcripts and correlated to the estrogen receptor status of breast tumor samples was identified, from which approximately 15% are ncRNAs. Using only samples from patients with known follow-up, a signature of 113 transcripts was identified, of which 30% are ncRNAs. This gene expression signature was able to distinguish with 100% accuracy patients that developed metastasis from those that remained disease-free up to 4 years after surgery. Besides the contribution of new molecular prognostic markers for breast cancer, the present study indicates that intronic ncRNAs might play a role in complex transcriptional networks, possibly regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. The detailed caracterization of the functional roles of ncRNAs, whose expression levels are correlated to fenotypical and clinical characteristics of breast tumors, is likely to provide new insigths on the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and progression of this neoplasia.

O. oeni est responsable de la fermentation malolactique des vins. Elle doit en permanence s’adapter aux fluctuations physico-chimiques de son environnement. La production de protéines Hsp constitue un mécanisme majeur d’adaptation de la bactérie à son environnement. Chez O. oeni, la protéine CtsR est l’unique régulateur identifié à ce jour des gènes hsp. Ce manuscrit aborde la caractérisation des mécanismes de régulation de la réponse au stress chez O. oeni. Une partie de ce travail a consisté à développer un nouvel outil d’expression de gènes chez O. oeni. Cet outil a permis l’étude de la fonction in vivo du gène hsp18 par une technique de modulation de l’expression de gènes par synthèse d’ARN antisens (ARNas). La production d’ARNas ciblant l’ARN messager du gène hsp18 entraîne une diminution du taux protéique de Lo18 et induit une perte de cultivabilité en conditions de stress. Ces résultats montrent, pour la 1ère fois in vivo, l’implication de Lo18 dans la thermotolérance et l’acidotolérance de O. oeni. Cette même approche appliquée au gène ctsR a induit une perte de cultivabilité en conditions de stress confirmant le rôle clef du locus ctsR dans la réponse au stress de O. oeni. Les mécanismes de régulation de l’activité de CtsR ont été appréhendés par complémentation d’un mutant ctsR déficient de B. subtilis via l’expression de ctsR de O. oeni. Des tests de thermoinduction mettent en évidence la thermosensibilité du CtsR de O. oeni dont l’activité est levée à une température inférieure à 33°C. Le pSIPSYN est un outil prometteur valorisé au cours de ce travail par une étude évaluant l’impact de deux estérases de O. oeni, EstA2 et EstA7 sur le profil aromatique du vin. / O. oeni is responsible for wine malolactic fermentation. As any organism, O. oeni tries to adapt its physiology to environmental fluctuations by producing Hsp proteins encoded by the hsp genes. In O. oeni, CtsR is currently the only regulator of hsp genes. As an alternative to the lack of genetic tool, with the goal of understanding the mechanisms of O. oeni stress response, we developed a new expression vector, the pSIPSYN, to produce antisense RNA targeting of hsp18 mRNA. The synthesis of hsp18 asRNA leads to the decrease in the protein level of Lo18 and induced a loss of cultivability after heat or acid shock showing for the first time in vivo involvement of Lo18 in thermotolerance and acidotolerance in O. oeni. The O. oeni ability of the membrane fluidity restoration of after ethanol stress was strongly affected in the presence of asRNAof hsp18 gene. Then, the ctsR function in O. oeni was investigated with this new genetic tool. Inhibition of the ctsR expression by asRNA approach induced a loss of cultivability after heat or acid shock confirming the key role of ctsR locus in the O. oeni stress response. B. subtilis was used to characterize the regulation of CtsR activity. The ctsR gene of O. oeni was expressed to complement a B. subtilis ctsR-deficient strain and restore the wild-type phenotype. Thermoinduction tests performed to understand the thermosensibility of CtsR showed that O. oeni CtsR is a specific thermosensor inactivated at a temperature threshold below 33°C. The pSIPSYN is a promising tool valorized in this work through an oenological study by evaluating of the impact of O. oeni two esterases, and EstA2 EstA7 on wine ester profile.