La thèse décrit l'essentiel de la notion de la simulation. La première partie sert à la description des dispositions du droit du travail qui permettent d'appliquer le droit civil dans le rapport d'emploi. En le faisant une analyse des vices des déclarations d'engagement dans le sens du droit polonais et les vices du consentement dans le sens du droit civil français est envisagé ensemble avec l'analyse des conceptions de la simulation et les critères du contrat de travail selon deux systèmes juridiques respectifs. La première partie contient également la description des contrats qui permettent aux parties de cacher le rapport du travail. La deuxième partie parle des conséquences de la simulation dans les relations de travail et analyse les différences entre la simulation et la fraude. La description des moyens disponibles dans la bataille contre le contournement des règles du droit du travail mène aux remarques de lege ferenda en proposant l'adoption des solutions disponibles dans le droit polonais. / The dissertation describes the essentials of the concept of simulation. The first part describes the labour law provisions that make it possible to apply civil law in the employment relationship. By doing so, an analysis of the defects of the declarations of commitment in the sense of Polish law and the defects of consent in the sense of French civil law is envisaged together with the analysis of the concepts of simulation and the criteria of the employment contract under two respective legal systems. The first part also contains a description of the contracts that allow the parties to hide the employment relationship.The second part discusses the consequences of simulation in labour relations and analyses the differences between simulation and fraud. The description of the means available in the battle against the circumvention of labour law rules leads to the remarks de lege ferenda by proposing the adoption of the solutions available in Polish law.

The aim with this study was to study how preunderstanding of a text or literature makes the reading easier for second language learners. I wanted to find out how we can work with preunderstanding in school and help our students.  The study is based on interviews I did with three teachers. Science shows us that reading consists of two main activities, a visual analysis of the text and an interpretation of what the textual means. These activities run together where the information in the textual and the preunderstanding the reader has cooperates together. The study shows that preunderstanding is very important for second language students. An important reason is to understand a book even if you don`t get every word in it. The study also shows that the teachers use preunderstanding every day in different ways.  They use pictures, discussions and the experiences that the students have. The teachers in the study explained that they let the students choose literature sometimes, but they also decide what the students are going to read. The reason for that is to develop more knowledge among students about new appearances.

[pt] A tese pretende acompanhar como, em seu livro Homens em tempos sombrios, Hannah Arendt construiu uma narrativa para falar da aparição de determinadas pessoas a partir de quem elas foram e não do que eram. Com isso pretende elucidar o que seriam os tempos sombrios, além de mostrar o motivo de Hannah Arendt precisar formular seus textos aludindo a imagens. / [en] The study aims to follow Hannah Arendt s developping of a narrative that illuminates the disclosure of certain people taking into account who and not what they where. Through this it also intends to elucidate what would be the dark times and show why Hannah Arendt needed to build on images to make up her texts.

This thesis examines the role appearances play, with notable continuity, in the psychology and ethics of Plato's Protagoras, Gorgias, and Republic. Common to these dialogues is the claim that evaluative appearances are almost invariably false: what appears to be good or bad is typically not in fact so and what is good or bad typically does not appear so. I argue that this disparity between apparent and real value forms the basis of Plato's diagnoses of a wide range of practical errors: psychological phenomena like akrasia, mistaken conceptions of the good like hedonism, and the influence of cultural sources of corruption like oratory, sophistry, and poetry. It also, relatedly, forms the basis of his account of lower passions like appetite, anger, or fear. Such passions are especially prone to lead us astray because their objects -- appetitive pleasures like food, drink, or sex, for example -- present especially deceptive appearances. One of the principal aims of this thesis is to show that this presents a significant point of agreement between the psychologies of the Protagoras, Gorgias, and Republic. In all three dialogues, I argue, motivational errors result from a specific kind of cognitive error: the uncritical acceptance of appearances. Plato's early and middle psychologies differ in their account of the subject of this error -- in the Protagoras and Gorgias, the whole person; in the Republic, the appetitive or spirited part of a person's soul -- but not in their basic theory of how our passions arise or, crucially, why they are liable to motivate us towards harmful ends.

Thesis aims on analyzing public appearances of former Czech prime minister Petr Nečas with special focus on pragmatics and reasoning. Whole analysis is performed with regard to political context. The goal of the thesis is creating complete characteristics, which can be used as a basis in future researches in pragmatics, political marketing or political PR. Using qualitative approach the thesis analyzes recordings from political debates, parliament meetings and press conferences from the era, when Petr Nečas was prime minister. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

[pt] Esta pesquisa aborda a teoria da imagem a partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar e através do olhar do designer. O objeto de estudo consiste em uma coleção formada por 306 imagens de publicidade veiculadas em diferentes números de três revistas de moda, beleza e consumo dirigidas ao público feminino: a francesa Jalouse, a Elle americana e a brasileira Nova. Tais imagens, aqui denominadas imagens de consumo, se apoiam em estereótipos correntes, refletem e traduzem conceitos e valores compartilhados socialmente, vendem mercadorias e são elas próprias consumíveis como referências para a montagem de imaginários de consumo, que vêm a ser a base material dos estilos de vida. A aparência é o grande produto cultural contemporâneo. Ao longo de todo o texto são abordados aspectos da imagem e do corpo como produto e como signo. O trabalho compõem- se de uma contextualização inicial, que relaciona a ênfase na criação de aparências e o mercado; de uma parte central onde a pesquisa, seu campo (imagem na publicidade editorial), seu objeto (as revistas) e seu objetivo (conhecer como os padrões de beleza e comportamento são consumidos e incorporados) são apresentados. As imagens reunidas e digitalizadas são analisadas em relação aos seus aspectos formais e retóricos e às estratégias de que se utilizam para enriquecer simbolicamente os nomes dos produtos. Nove exemplos vêm ilustrar a pesquisa. As conclusões apontam para os corpos como colagens de referências dispersas que nos conectam a mundos imaginários ao mesmo tempo nos inserem nos grupos sociais. E para a estratégia corrente em publicidade, de intercambiar o corpo e o produto, como dois signos que se equivalem no consumo. / [en] The aim of this study is to discuss image theory through an interdisciplinary approach, from a designer`s point of view. The subject is a collection of 306 advertising images published in various issues of three women`s magazines focused on fashion, beauty and shopping: Jalouse (from France), Elle (from the USA) and Nova (the Brazilian edition of USA-based Cosmopolitan). The advertising images in printed media - here named images of consumption - are based on everyday stereotypes. They reflect and translate concepts and values widely shared. They sell goods and are themselves also sold as standards for the construction of the imaginary of consumption. This study is presented in the following format: an initial contextualization, in which the construction of appearances and the market are linked; the central part, showing the research, its field (images in the magazine advertisements), its subject (the magazines) and its purpose (to know how beauty and behavior patterns are consumed and assimilated); and a general analysis of the collection of digitalized images, concerning their formal and rhetorical aspects and the strategies they use to enrich the brand names symbolically. Nine examples are used to illustrate the research. Throughout this study, aspects of the image and of the body as a product and as a sign are discussed. The conclusions show that the body is trespassed by images - a collage of scattered references connecting us to imaginary worlds - and that the current strategy used in advertising is to interchange the body and the goods, both being equivalent signs in the market.

Dale Allison refers to the historical question pertaining to Jesus’ resurrection as “the prize puzzle of New Testament research.” More than 2,500 journal articles and books have been written on the subject since 1975. In this dissertation, I investigate the question while providing unprecedented interaction with the literature of professional historians outside of the community of biblical scholars on both hermeneutical and methodological considerations. Chapter one is devoted to discussions pertaining to the philosophy of history and historical method, such as the extent to which the past is knowable, how historians gain a knowledge of it, the impact biases have on investigations and steps that may assist historians in minimizing their biases, the role a consensus should or should not play in historical investigations, who shoulders the burden of proof, and the point at which a historian is warranted in declaring that a historical question has been solved. I seek to determine how historians outside of the community of biblical scholars generally proceed in their investigations involving non-religious matters and establish a similar approach for proceeding in my investigation of the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection. In chapter two, I address objections to the investigation of miracle-claims by historians from a number of prominent scholars. My conclusion is that their objections warrant that extra caution should be taken by historians investigating miracle claims but are ill-founded in terms of prohibiting a historical investigation of Jesus’ resurrection. Historians must identify the relevant sources from which they will mine data for their investigations. In chapter three, I survey the primary literature relevant to our investigation and rate them according to their value to an investigation pertaining to Jesus’ resurrection. I limit this survey to sources that mention the death and resurrection of Jesus and that were written within two hundred years of Jesus’ death. I then rate each according to the likelihood that it contains data pertaining to Jesus’ death and resurrection that go back to the earliest Christians, and identify the sources most promising for the present investigation. In chapter four, I mine through this most promising material and form a collection of relevant facts that are so strongly evidenced that they enjoy a heterogeneous and nearly universal consensus granting them. These comprise our historical bedrock upon which all hypotheses pertaining to Jesus’ fate must be built. In chapter five, I apply the methodological considerations discussed in chapter one and weigh six hypotheses largely representative of those being offered in the beginning of the twenty-first century pertaining to the question of the resurrection of Jesus. I conclude that the hypothesis that Jesus rose from the dead is not only the best explanation of the relevant historical bedrock, it outdistances its competitors by a significant margin and meets the criteria for awarding historicity. Of course, this conclusion is provisional, since future discoveries may require its revision or abandonment. It also makes no assertions pertaining to the nature of Jesus’ resurrection body nor claims to address the question of the cause of Jesus’ resurrection. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

<p>  </p> <p>With robot utilization reaching $300 million in the hospitality industry, this paper aims to examine the difference in customer response between two types of anthropomorphic features (cute vs. cool) of service robots. Four scenario-based experiments (2 [robot appearances: cute vs. cool] x 2 [customer–company relationship norms: communal vs. exchange]) were employed in two different contexts (Study 1: service successful and Study 2: failure). The results showed that cute robots elicit higher customer satisfaction, repatronage intention, and willingness to spread positive word of mouth when customers were in a communal relationship with a company. The difference was significant only in the situation in which the robots’ service failed. This study offers the industry guidelines to decide on robot design according to their relationship with the customer and develops the topic of anthropomorphism in robots in that it looked into the different traits within anthropomorphism rather than human likeness versus nonhuman likeness.</p>

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No / The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the 'state of emergency' in which we live is not the exception but the rule. We must attain to a conception of history that is in keeping with this insight¿.The current amazement that the things we are experiencing are 'still' possible in the twentieth century is not philosophical. This amazement is not the beginning of knowledge, unless it is the knowledge that the view of history which gives rise to it is untenable. (Benjamin, 1940: 248-249) The German-Jewish critical theorist Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) wrote these lines shortly before his death in exile whilst fleeing from the agents of fascism. They seem particularly relevant to a healthcare policy conference with the title 'Condition Critical' taking place almost 70 years later. In this paper one of the things I hope to do is outline how Benjamin's concept of the permanent state of emergency relates to health and social care provision for older people with dementia today. Benjamin believed that the Holocaust came about because of the 'amnestic' view of history as an unbroken, linear process of scientific achievement, including the belief in human perfectibility. He suggested that in order to see history stripped of this ideological myth of progress, we need to wake from a collective 'dream history', from our usual somnolent acceptance of surface appearances (Cohen 1993: 5). Similarly it can be argued today that the 20th century 'dream history' of linear progress away from a never-to-be-repeated Holocaust is a myth. My strong claim in this paper is that present day demographic panic related to the economic 'burden of care' for an ageing population is leading to proposed solutions analogous to the ideological killing of psychiatric patients, the physically disabled, Jews and other victims of Nazism in the mid-20th century. Such 'solutions' are fuelled by media propaganda, the profit motives of what has been described as the 'medical-industrial complex' (Bond et al 2004) and a reductive, medicalised, biological determinist model of the cognitive changes of ageing.