Ossos são sólidos não homogêneos com estruturas altamente complexas que requerem uma modelagem multiescala para entender seu comportamento eletromecânico e seus mecanismos de remodelamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é encontrar expressões analíticas para as propriedades elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica efetivas de osso cortical modelando-o em duas escalas: microscópica e macroscópica. Utiliza-se o Método de Homogeneização Assintótica (MHA) para calcular as constantes eletromecânicas efetivas deste material. O MHA produz um procedimento em duas escalas que permite obter as propriedades efetivas de um material compósito contendo uma distribuição periódica de furos cilíndricos circulares unidirecionais em uma matriz piezoelétrica linear e transversalmente isotrópica. O material da matriz pertence à classe de simetria cristalina 622. Os furos estão centrados em células de uma matriz periódica de secções transversais quadradas e a periodicidade é a mesma em duas direções perpendiculares. O compósito piezoelétrico está sob cisalhamento antiplano acoplado a um campo elétrico plano. Os problemas locais que surgem da análise em duas escalas usando o MHA são resolvidos por meio de um método da teoria de variáveis complexas, o qual permite expandir as soluções correspondentes em séries de potências de funções elípticas de Weierstrass. Os coeficientes das séries são determinados das soluções de sistemas lineares infinitos de equações algébricas. Truncando estes sistemas infinitos até uma ordem finita de aproximação, obtêm-se fórmulas analíticas para as constantes efetivas elástica, piezoelétrica e dielétrica, que dependem da fração de volume dos furos e de um fator de acoplamento eletromecânico da matriz. Os resultados numéricos obtidos a partir destas fórmulas são comparados com resultados obtidos pelas fórmulas calculadas via método de Mori-Tanaka e apresentam boa concordância. A boa concordância entre todas as curvas obtidas via MHA sugere que a expressão correspondente da primeira aproximação fornece uma fórmula muito simples para calcular o fator de acoplamento efetivo do compósito. Os resultados são úteis na mecânica de osso. / Bones are inhomogeneous solids with highly complex structures that require multiscale modeling to understand its electromechanical behavior and its remodeling mechanisms. The objective of this work is to find analytical expressions for the effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of cortical bone by modeling it on two scales: microscopic and macroscopic. We use Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) to calculate the effective electromechanical constants of this material. The AHM yields a two-scale procedure to obtain the effective properties of a composite material containing a periodic distribution of unidirectional circular cylindrical holes in a linear transversely isotropic piezoelectric matrix. The matrix material belongs to the symmetry crystal class 622. The holes are centered in a periodic array of cells of square cross sections and the periodicity is the same in two perpendicular directions. The piezoelectric composite is under antiplane shear deformation together with in-plane electric field. Local problems that arise from the two-scale analysis using the AHM are solved by means of a complex variable method, which allows us to expand the corresponding solutions in power series of Weierstrass elliptic functions. The coefficients of these series are determined from the solutions of infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. Truncating the infinite systems up to a finite, but otherwise arbitrary, order of approximation, we obtain analytical formulas for effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties, which depend on both the volume fraction of the holes and an electromechanical coupling factor of the matrix. Numerical results obtained from these formulas are compared with results obtained by the Mori-Tanaka approach and show good agreement. The good agreement between all curves obtained via AHM suggests that the corresponding expression of first approximation provides a very simple formula to calculate the effective coupling factor of the composite. The results are useful in bone mechanics.

Alexander A. Razborov (2007) developed the theory of flag algebras to compute the minimum asymptotic density of triangles in a graph as a function of its edge density. The theory of flag algebras, however, can be used to study the asymptotic density of several combinatorial objects. In this dissertation, we present two original results obtained in the theory of tournaments through application of flag algebra proof techniques. The first result concerns minimization of the asymptotic density of transitive tournaments in a sequence of tournaments, which we prove to occur if and only if the sequence is quasi-random. As a byproduct, we also obtain new quasi-random characterizations and several other flag algebra elements whose density is minimized if and only if the sequence is quasi-random. The second result concerns a class of equivalent properties of a sequence of tournaments that we call quasi-carousel properties and that, in a similar fashion as quasi-random properties, force the sequence to converge to a specific limit homomorphism. Several quasi-carousel properties, when compared to quasi-random properties, suggest that quasi-random sequences and quasi-carousel sequences are the furthest possible from each other within the class of almost balanced sequences. / Alexander A. Razborov (2007) desenvolveu a teoria de álgebras de flags para calcular a densidade assintótica mínima de triângulos em um grafo em função de sua densidade de arestas. A teoria das álgebras de flags, contudo, pode ser usada para estudar densidades assintóticas de diversos objetos combinatórios. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos dois resultados originais obtidos na teoria de torneios através de técnicas de demonstração de álgebras de flags. O primeiro resultado compreende a minimização da densidade assintótica de torneios transitivos em uma sequência de torneios, a qual provamos ocorrer se e somente se a sequência é quase aleatória. Como subprodutos, obtemos também novas caracterizações de quase aleatoriedade e diversos outros elementos da álgebra de flags cuja densidade é minimizada se e somente se a sequência é quase aleatória. O segundo resultado compreende uma classe de propriedades equivalentes sobre uma sequência de torneios que chamamos de propriedades quase carrossel e que, de uma forma similar às propriedades quase aleatórias, forçam que a sequência convirja para um homomorfismo limite específico. Várias propriedades quase carrossel, quando comparadas às propriedades quase aleatórias, sugerem que sequências quase aleatórias e sequências quase carrossel estão o mais distantes possível umas das outras na classe de sequências quase balanceadas.

Li Kin-kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Variational Formulation --- p.10 / Chapter 3 --- The Existence Of A Mountain Pass Solution --- p.12 / Chapter 4 --- Ground States --- p.21 / Chapter 5 --- The Projections Of v And w --- p.35 / Chapter 6 --- Computation Of The Energy: An Upper Bound --- p.37 / Chapter 7 --- Convergence: The First Approximation --- p.40 / Chapter 8 --- Convergence: The Second Approximation --- p.44 / Chapter 9 --- Computation Of The Energy: A Lower Bound --- p.48 / Chapter 10 --- Comparing The Energy: Completion Of The Proof Of Theorem 1.2 --- p.51 / Bibliography --- p.52

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à des matrices aléatoires en lien avec des permutations. Nous abordons l'étude de leurs spectres de plusieurs manières, et à différentes échelles d'observation. Dans un premier temps, nous prolongeons l'étude de Wieand à propos des nombres de valeurs propres appartenant à certains arcs fixés du cercle unité. Pour cela nous tirons parti des travaux réalisés par Ben Arous et Dang sur les statistiques linéaires du spectre de matrices de permutation pour une famille de lois à un paramètre englobant le cas de la loi uniforme sur le groupe symétrique, appelée famille des lois d'Ewens. Une partie innovante de notre travail réside dans la généralisation à des arcs non nécessairement fixés. Nous obtenons en effet des résultats similaires en autorisant les longueurs des arcs à décroître lentement vers zéro avec la taille des matrices. Dans un deuxième temps, nous regardons le spectre à échelle microscopique. En nous inspirant des travaux de Najnudel et Nikeghbali en rapport avec la convergence de mesures empiriques des angles propres normalisés, nous commençons par donner un sens à la convergence en terme de comptages de points sur des intervalles fixés. A partir du processus ponctuel limite, nous montrons que le nombre de points dans un intervalle a des fluctuations asymptotiquement gaussiennes lorsque la longueur de l'intervalle tend vers l'infini. Enfin, nous adaptons certains résultats de Chhaibi, Najnudel et Nikeghbali sur le polynôme caractéristique de matrices du CUE à échelle microscopique, et les développons dans notre cadre. De manière analogue mais avec d'autres techniques de preuves, nous obtenons des convergences des polynômes caractéristiques vers des fonctions entières, et cela pour une grande famille de lois pour le tirage des permutations, incluant les lois d'Ewens. / In this thesis, our goal is to study random matrices related to permutations. We tackle the study of their spectra in various ways, and at different scales. First, we extend the work of Wieand about the numbers of eigenvalues lying in some fixed arcs of the unit circle. We take advantage of the results of Ben Arous and Dang on the linear statistics of the spectrum of permutation matrices for a one-parameter family of deformations of the uniform law on the symmetric group, called Ewens' measures. One of the most innovative parts of our work is the generalization to non-fixed arcs. Indeed we get similar results when we let the lengths of the arcs decrease to zero slower than 1/n. Then, we look at the spectrum at microscopic scale. Inspired by the work of Najnudel and Nikeghbali about the convergence of empirical measures of rescaled eigenangles, we give a meaning to the convergence in terms of indicator functions of intervals. From the limiting point process, we show that the number of points in any interval is asymptotically normal as the length of the interval goes to infinity. Finally, we adapt some results of Chhaibi, Najnudel and Nikeghbali on the characteristic polynomial of the CUE at microscopic scale, and develop them in our framework. Analogously but with different techniques of proof, we get that the characteristic polynomials converge to entire functions, and this for a large family of laws including the Ewens' measures.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse numérique en particulier aux estimations a posteriori de l’erreur dans la méthode de décomposition asymptotique partielle de domaine. Il s’agit de problèmes au dérivées partielles elliptiques linéaires et semi- linéaires avec une source qui ne dépend que d’une seule variable dans une partie du domaine. La MAPDD - Méthod of Asymptotic Partial Domain Decomposition - est une méthode inventée par Grigori . Panasenko et développée dans les références [G.P98, G.P99]. L’aidée principale est de remplacer un problème 3D ou 2D par un problème hybride combinée 3D−1D, 3D−2D ou 2D−1D, ou la dimension du problème diminue dans une partie du domaine. Des méthodes de calcul efficaces de solution pour le problème hybride en résultant sont récemment devenues disponibles pour plusieurs systèmes (linéaires/non linéaires, fluide/solide, etc.) ainsi chaque sous-problème est calcul ́ avec un code indépendant de type boîte noire [PBB10, JLB09, JLB11]. La position de la jonction entre les problèmes hétérogènes est asymptotiquement estimée dans les travaux de G. Panasenko [G.P98]. La méthode MAPDD a été conçu pour traiter des problèmes ou un petit paramètre apparaître, et fournit un développement en série de la solution avec des solutions de problèmes simplifiées à l’égard de ce petit paramètre. Dans le problème considéré dans les chapitres 3 et 4, aucun petit paramètre n’existe, mais en raison de considérations géométriques concernant le domaine on suppose que la solution ne diffère pas significativement d’une fonction qui dépend seulement d’une variable dans une partie du domaine Ω. La théorie de MAPDD n’est pas adaptée pour une telle situation, et si cette théorie est appliquée formellement elle ne fournit pas d’estimation d’erreur. / This thesis is devoted to numerical analysis in particular a postoriori estimates of the error in the method of asymptotic partial domain decomposition. There are problems in linear elliptic partial and semi-linear with a source which depends only of one variable in a portion of domain. Method of Asymptotic Partial Decomposition of a Domain (MAPDD) originates from the works of Grigori.Panasonko [12, 13]. The idea is to replace an original 3D or 2D problem by a hybrid one 3D − 1D; or 2D − 1D, where the dimension of the problem decreases in part of domain. Effective solution methods for the resulting hybrid problem have recently become available for several systems (linear/nonlinear, fluid/solid, etc.) which allow for each subproblem to be computed with an independent black-box code [21, 17, 18]. The location of the junction between the heterogeneous problems is asymptotically estimated in the works of Panasenko [12]. MAPDD has been designed for handling problems where a small parameter appears, and provides a series expansion of the solution with solutions of simplified problems with respect to this small parameter. In the problem considered in chapter 3 and 4, no small parameter exists, but due to geometrical considerations concerning the domain Ω it is assumed that the solution does not differ very much from a function which depends only on one variable in a part of the domain. The MAPDD theory is not suited for such a context, but if this theory is applied formally it does not provide any error estimate. The a posteriori error estimate proved in this chapter 3 and 4, is able to measure the discrepancy between the exact solution and the hybrid solution which corresponds to the zero-order term in the series expansion with respect to a small parameter when it exists. Numerically, independently of the existence of an asymptotical estimate of the location of the junction, it is essential to detect with accuracy the location of the junction. Let us also mention the interest of locating with accuracy the position of the junction in blood flows simulations [23]. Here in this chapter 3,4 the method proposed is to determine the location of the junction (i.e. the location of the boundary Γ in the example treated) by using optimization techniques. First it is shown that MAPDD can be expressed with a mixed domain decomposition formulation (as in [22]) in two different ways. Then it is proposed to use an a posteriori error estimate for locating the best position of the junction. A posteriori error estimates have been extensively used in optimization problems, the reader is referred to, e.g. [1, 11].

S'il fallait résumer le sujet de cette thèse en une expression, cela pourrait être quelque chose comme: phénomènes de grande dimension (mais néanmoins finie) en théorie quantique de l'information. Cela étant dit, essayons toutefois de développer brièvement. La physique quantique a inéluctablement affaire à des objets de grande dimension. Partant de cette observation, il y a, en gros, deux stratégies qui peuvent être adoptées: ou bien essayer de ramener leur étude à celle de situations de plus petite dimension, ou bien essayer de comprendre quels sont les comportements universels précisément susceptibles d'émerger dans ce régime. Nous ne donnons ici notre préférence à aucune de ces deux attitudes, mais au contraire oscillons constamment entre l'une et l'autre. Notre but dans la première partie de ce manuscrit (Chapitres 5 et 6) est de réduire autant que possible la complexité de certains processus quantiques, tout en préservant, évidemment, leurs caractéristiques essentielles. Les deux types de processus auxquels nous nous intéressons sont les canaux quantiques et les mesures quantiques. Dans les deux cas, la complexité d'une transformation est mesurée par le nombre d'opérateurs nécessaires pour décrire son action, tandis que la proximité entre la transformation d'origine et son approximation est définie par le fait que, quel que soit l'état d'entrée, les deux états de sortie doivent être proches l'un de l'autre. Nous proposons des solutions universelles (basées sur des constructions aléatoires) à ces problèmes de compression de canaux quantiques et d'amenuisement de mesures quantiques, et nous prouvons leur optimalité. La deuxième partie de ce manuscrit (Chapitres 7, 8 et 9) est, au contraire, spécifiquement dédiée à l'analyse de systèmes quantiques de grande dimension et certains de leurs traits typiques. L'accent est mis sur les systèmes multi-partites et leurs propriétés ayant un lien avec l'intrication. Les principaux résultats auxquels nous aboutissons peuvent se résumer de la façon suivante: lorsque les dimensions des espaces sous-jacents augmentent, il est générique pour les états quantiques multi-partites d'être à peine distinguables par des observateurs locaux, et il est générique pour les relaxations de la notion de séparabilité d'en être des approximations très grossières. Sur le plan technique, ces assertions sont établies grâce à des estimations moyennes de suprema de processus gaussiens, combinées avec le phénomène de concentration de la mesure. Dans la troisième partie de ce manuscrit (Chapitres 10 et 11), nous revenons pour finir à notre état d'esprit de réduction de dimensionnalité. Cette fois pourtant, la stratégie est plutôt: pour chaque situation donnée, tenter d'utiliser au maximum les symétries qui lui sont inhérentes afin d'obtenir une simplification qui lui soit propre. En reliant de manière quantitative symétrie par permutation et indépendance, nous nous retrouvons en mesure de montrer le comportement multiplicatif de plusieurs quantités apparaissant en théorie quantique de l'information (fonctions de support d'ensembles d'états, probabilités de succès dans des jeux multi-joueurs non locaux etc.). L'outil principal que nous développons dans cette optique est un résultat de type de Finetti particulièrement malléable / If a one-phrase summary of the subject of this thesis were required, it would be something like: miscellaneous large (but finite) dimensional phenomena in quantum information theory. That said, it could nonetheless be helpful to briefly elaborate. Starting from the observation that quantum physics unavoidably has to deal with high dimensional objects, basically two routes can be taken: either try and reduce their study to that of lower dimensional ones, or try and understand what kind of universal properties might precisely emerge in this regime. We actually do not choose which of these two attitudes to follow here, and rather oscillate between one and the other. In the first part of this manuscript (Chapters 5 and 6), our aim is to reduce as much as possible the complexity of certain quantum processes, while of course still preserving their essential characteristics. The two types of processes we are interested in are quantum channels and quantum measurements. In both cases, complexity of a transformation is measured by the number of operators needed to describe its action, and proximity of the approximating transformation towards the original one is defined in terms of closeness between the two outputs, whatever the input. We propose universal ways of achieving our quantum channel compression and quantum measurement sparsification goals (based on random constructions) and prove their optimality. Oppositely, the second part of this manuscript (Chapters 7, 8 and 9) is specifically dedicated to the analysis of high dimensional quantum systems and some of their typical features. Stress is put on multipartite systems and on entanglement-related properties of theirs. We essentially establish the following: as the dimensions of the underlying spaces grow, being barely distinguishable by local observers is a generic trait of multipartite quantum states, and being very rough approximations of separability itself is a generic trait of separability relaxations. On the technical side, these statements stem mainly from average estimates for suprema of Gaussian processes, combined with the concentration of measure phenomenon. In the third part of this manuscript (Chapters 10 and 11), we eventually come back to a more dimensionality reduction state of mind. This time though, the strategy is to make use of the symmetries inherent to each particular situation we are looking at in order to derive a problem-dependent simplification. By quantitatively relating permutation symmetry and independence, we are able to show the multiplicative behavior of several quantities showing up in quantum information theory (such as support functions of sets of states, winning probabilities in multi-player non-local games etc.). The main tool we develop for that purpose is an adaptable de Finetti type result

La propagation d'une fissure chargée par un écoulement de fluide visqueux est un phénomène complexe où la compréhension des phénomènes mécaniques mis en jeu en pointe de fissures reste encore partielle. C'est le cas de la zone de décollement entre le solide et le fluide qui apparaît pour un certain choix de débit d'injection, de viscosité du fluide et de ténacité du matériau. Cette thèse propose une modélisation simplifiée de ce problème d'interaction fortement couplé. Dans un premier chapitre, on étudie un modèle simplifié unidimensionnel de film élastique collé sur un substrat rigide et on considère une injection de fluide visqueux entre le film et le substrat. On suppose que la propagation de la fissure est régie par la loi de Griffith. On néglige l'existence du retard possible entre le fluide et le solide et on choisit une loi de comportement non-linéaire pour le fluide visqueux. A partir d'une analyse asymptotique pour une faible viscosité, on établit une solution approchée du problème. On montre que le champ pression est singulier en pointe de fissure et on montre l'influence du débit d'injection sur la cinétique du trajet de fissuration. Dans le deuxième chapitre on propose de prendre en compte l'existence de la zone de décollement en modifiant la formulation du modèle et en le réécrivant sous la forme d'un problème d'optimisation en temps discret où les zones de décollement font partie des inconnues du problème. On valide la formulation proposée sur l'exemple analytique de l'écrasement d'une goutte par une barre rigide. On montre ensuite que cette formulation et l'algorithme lié à son implémentation sont capables de gérer l'évolution de l'écrasement de plusieurs gouttes de forme quelconque en capturant correctement les phase d'étalement des gouttes ainsi que de leur coalescence. On étend ensuite cette formulation au cas de l'écrasement d'une goutte par un film élastique. Dans le dernier chapitre, on examine la validité de l'hypothèse de lubrification utilisée en fracturation hydraulique. A l'aide de la méthode de développement asymptotique, on construit une équation de Reynolds régularisée avec des termes de gradient supérieur tenant compte de la variation spatiale de la hauteur des parois. On compare alors le comportement des champs de pression donnés par les équations de Reynolds classique et régularisée sur des exemples d'écoulement entre des conduits de formes multiples. / The crack evolution under a viscous fluid action is a complex phenomenon where the understanding of the mechanical phenomena near the crack tip is still largely limited. This is the case for the lag between the solid and the fluid front propagation which appears for some configurations of injection rate, fluid viscosity and material toughness. This thesis proposes a simplified model for this strongly coupled interaction problem.The first chapter studies a simplified one-dimensional model of a elastic film bonded to a rigid substrate. We consider a viscous fluid injection between the film and the substrate. The crack propagation is assumed to follow the Griffith's law. The existence of the lag is neglected and a non-linear behavior law is chosen for the viscous fluid. Using an asymptotic analysis, an approximate solution is established for the low viscosity case. It is shown that the pressure field diverges at the crack tip and that the kinetics of the crack is influenced by the injection rate. The second chapter proposes to take into account the existence of the lag by modifying the model formulation and rewriting it as a discrete time optimisation problem where the delamination zones are part of the unknowns of the problem. This formulation is validated for the analytical example of a drop crushed by a rigid bar. It is shown that this formulation and its implementation can manage the evolution of several drops of any shape and correctly captures the drops spreading and coalescence. This formulation is then extended to the case of a drop crushed by an elastic film. In the last chapter, the validity of the lubrication hypothesis is examinated. Using an asymptotic analysis, a regularized Reynolds equation is constructed with higher gradient terms taking into account the spatial variation of the walls height. A comparison between the pressure fields behaviour given by the classical and the regularized Reynolds equation is shown for different conducts.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 328-332. / by Marcel Coderch i Collell. / Ph.D.

O objetivo deste trabalho é provar um Closing Lema Parcial para variedades bidimensionais compactas, orientáveis ou não--orientáveis. Para enunciá--lo, considere um campo vetorial \\linebreak $X\\in\\mathfrak^r(M)$, $r\\ge 2$, de classe $C^r$ em uma variedade bidimensional compacta $M$, e seja $\\Sigma$ um segmento transversal a $X$ passando por um ponto recorrente não--trivial $p$ de $X$. Seja $P:\\Sigma\\to\\Sigma$ a correspondente transformação de primeiro retorno. O primeiro resultado deste trabalho consiste em mostrar que se $P$ tem a propriedade de que para todo $n\\ge N$ e $x\\in{m dom}\\,(P^n)$, $\\vert DP^n(x)\\vert<\\lambda$, onde $N\\in\\N$ e $0<\\lambda<1$, então existe um campo vetorial $Y$ arbitrariamente próximo de $X$ na topologia $C^r$ tendo uma trajetória periódica passando por $p$. O segundo resultado consiste em apresentar condições, sobre os expoentes de Lyapunov de $P$, para que $\\vert DP^n\\vert<\\lambda$ para todo $n\\ge N$. Nesta tese, também incluímos um resultado sobre a estabilidade assintótica no infinito de campos planares diferenciáveis, mas não necessariamente de classe $C^1$. / The aim of this work is to provide a Partial $C^r$ Closing Lemma for compact surfaces, orientable or non--orientable. To state it, let $X\\in\\mathfrak^r(M)$, $r\\ge 2$, be a $C^r$ vector field on a compact surface $M$ and let $\\Sigma$ be a transverse segment to $X$ passing through a non--trivial recurrent point $p$ of $X$. Let $P:\\Sigma\\to\\Sigma$ be the corresponding first return map. The first result of this work consists in showing that if $P^n$ has the property that for all $n\\ge N$ and $x\\in{m dom}\\,(P^n)$, $\\vert DP^n(x)\\vert<\\lambda$, where $N\\in\\N$ e $0<\\lambda<1$, then there exists a vector field $Y$ arbitrarily close to $X$ in the $C^r$ topology such that $p$ is a periodic point of $Y$. The second result consists in presenting sufficient conditions, upon the Lyapunov exponents of $P$, so that $\\vert DP^n\\vert<\\lambda$ for all $n\\ge N$. In this thesis, we also include a result concerning the asymptotic stability at infinity of planar differentiable vector fields, not necessarily of class $C^1$.

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar propriedades qualitativas das equações diferenciais funcionais neutras (EDFNs) e introduzir uma classe geral de equações chamadas EDFNs em medida. Obtemos resultados sobre o comportamento assintótico para uma classe de EDFNs com coeficientes periódicos, onde o período e o retardamento estão racionalmente relacionados. Também, conseguimos mostrar que a dicotomia exponencial do operador solução das equações diferenciais funcionais com retardamento (EDFRs) não autônomas implica na existência de soluções limitadas para EDFRs não homogêneas associadas. Finalmente, através da teoria das equações diferenciais ordinárias generalizas (EDOs generalizadas), obtemos resultados de existência e unicidade, dependência contnua em relação aos dados inicias, das soluções das EDFNs em medida. Os resultados novos apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos nos artigos [31, 43] / The aim of this work is to investigate qualitative properties of neutral functional differential equations (NFDEs) and introduce a general class of equations called measure NFDE . We obtain results on the asymptotic behavior for a class of NFDEs with periodic coefficients, where the period and delay are rationally related. Moreover, we show that the exponential dichotomy of the solution operator of non autonomous retarded functional differential equations (RFDEs) implies the existence of bounded solutions to the associated non homogeneous RFDEs. Finally, using the theory of generalized ordinary differential equations (generalized ODEs), we obtain results of existence and uniqueness, continuous dependence on parameters of the solutions of measure NFDEs. The new results presented in this work are contained in the articles [31,43]