O objetivo deste trabalho e o desenvolvimento de roupas utilizando malha de linho para uso como primeira camada em contato direto com o corpo em usuários com dermatite atópica. Roupas disponíveis para essas pessoas com pele sensível, incluindo algumas com algodão, muitas vezes provocam irritação na pele e uma malha de linho pode ser uma boa opção de uso, com base em suas reconhecidas propriedades de contato saudável ao corpo humano, principalmente em climas quentes. Protótipos de malhas consideradas pelo autor como clássicas ou oclusivas e outras como não oclusivas foram produzidas com algodão, fibras descontinuas de poliéster e linho em estrutura jérsei de malharia circular. As malhas foram confeccionadas em roupas para um teste de uso experimental em 4 crianças entre 5-8 anos de idade, sendo 2 delas saudáveis e duas com dermatite atópica, previamente avaliadas por um dermatologista. O resultado final demonstrou um bom grau de tolerância por todos os usuários quanto ao uso da malha com linho em contato direto com a pele. As malhas não oclusivas foram as que apresentaram os melhores índice de permeabilidade ao ar,atributo que pode evitar o bloqueio da transpiração insensível durante rotinas diárias, minimizando o abafamento, desconforto térmico e potencial gatilho de irritação da pele. Câmera infravermelha foi utilizada como uma ferramenta adicional na Avaliação térmica durante o uso. Os resultados sugerem que a malha com linho não oclusiva e uma opção viavel de uso pelos portadores de dermatite atópica em clima subtropical como o da cidade de São Paulo. O controle da estabilidade dimensional da malha com linho e amaciantes naturais amigáveis a pele para a lavagem domestica das roupas são desafios que devem ser equacionados em futuros desenvolvimentos / Linen (Linum usitatissimum L.) in single jersey of circular knitting machine for wearer with atopic dermatitis in subtropical climate The purpose of this work is the development of first layer linen knitted structure aiming wearers with Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Available clothing for these sensitive skin people, including some cotton garments, very often presents skin irritation and linen is an option based upon it recognized friendly contact to human body and comfortable wear during hot climates. Classic or occlusive and non-occlusive garments prototypes knitted in single jersey of circular knitting machines with cotton, polyester staple and linen fibers were designed to accomplish an experimental wear test with 4 children with 5-8 years old, 2 with AD and 2 health kids. Voluntaries showed good wear tolerance to knitted linen that presented highest air permeability index that can help to avoid blocking of insensible perspiration during daily routine, minimizing buffering effect and potential trigger of skin irritation. Infrared camera was used as an additional tool for thermal evaluation during use. Results suggest that non-occlusive knitted linen is a possible option for AD wears at subtropical climate like the city of Sao Paulo. Dimensional stability control of nonhocclusive knitted linen and natural home laundry softeners are challenges to be overcome in future developments

Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica com alta morbi-mortalidade na adolescência. Objetivos: O objetivo geral foi estudar a prevalência da asma em adolescentes na cidade de Taubaté (SP). Os específicos foram determinar a prevalência da asma, rinite e eczema, utilizando os questionários ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) Fase I em escolares de 13 a 14 anos residentes na cidade de Taubaté e estabelecer uma correlação entre os sintomas de asma ativa (\"sibilos nos últimos 12 meses\") e os fatores de risco: tabagismo (ativo e passivo) e a presença de animais e/ou insetos no domicílio. Métodos: No estudo transversal de uma amostra casual probabilística por conglomerados, foram aplicados questionários a 920 adolescentes de 13 a 14 anos sorteados ao acaso, matriculados entre as 7a e 8a séries de escolas públicas e privadas na cidade de Taubaté no período de agosto de 2004 à janeiro de 2005. Os questionários foram auto-aplicáveis sendo a primeira parte composta por 8 questões referentes à asma, 6 referentes à rinite e uma ao eczema(ISAAC), e a segunda parte composta por 8 questões referentes ao tabagismo e 4 referentes à presença de animais de estimação e/ou insetos no domicílio (questionário complementar). Resultados: Nos 809 adolescentes que completaram os questionários, a prevalência de \"sibilos alguma vez\" foi de 44,6%; \"sibilos nos últimos 12 meses\" 15,3%; \"uma ou mais crises de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses\" 15,4%; \"sono perturbado por crises de sibilos\" 10,6%; \"fala prejudicada por crises de sibilos\" 1,7%; \"asma alguma vez\" 6,8%, \"sibilos aos exercícios físicos\" 13,5%; \"tosse seca noturna sem estar resfriado ou gripado\" 33,1%;\"rinite alguma vez\" 37,6%, \"eczema alguma vez\" 16,2%, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação aos sexos. Houve diferença estatística entre os sexos para os adolescentes que relataram o \"problema nasal nos últimos 12 meses acompanhado de lacrimejamento ou coceira nos olhos\" com predomínio no sexo feminino (p=0,03). Houve associação significativa em ambos os sexos para \"asma e rinite alguma vez\" (p=0,02). Entretanto, os adolescentes de ambos os sexos que negaram ter \"asma alguma vez\" tiveram associação significativa entre \"rinite e eczema alguma vez\"( p=0,04), e também entre \"chiado após exercício físico e tosse seca noturna sem estar resfriado ou gripado\" (p=0,001) sugerindo o sub-diagnóstico de asma.Os fatores de risco foram relacionados apenas aos sintomas de asma ativa por fornecerem informação mais segura como recordatório. A prevalência de adolescentes fumantes no estudo foi de 0,7%. Com relação ao tabagismo passivo a prevalência foi de 41% e destes 35% correspondia às mães fumantes. A presença de animais de estimação foi verificada em 55,6% e em 34% intradomiciliar. A presença de insetos foi relatada por 55,1% da população estudada. Quando os fatores de risco foram correlacionados aos sintomas de asma ativa, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: A prevalência da asma no estudo foi de 6,8%. As prevalências de rinite e eczema foram respectivamente 37,6% e 16,2%. Os fatores de risco não tiveram associação com asma ativa. / Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflamatory disease with high morbi-mortality in adolescence. Objectives: The general goal was to study the prevalence of asthma in adolescents in the city of Taubaté (SP). The specific goals were to determine the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema using the ISAAC questionnaire (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), Phase I, for schoolchildren aged 13 to 14, residents in the city of Taubaté and to establish a relation between the symptoms of active asthma (\"wheezing in the last 12 months\") and the risk factors of smoking (active and passive) and the presence of pets and/or insects at home. Methods: In Cross sectional study of probabilistic sample, questionnaires were applied to 920 adolescents aged 13 to 14 enrolled in 7th and 8th grades, chosen at random, from the public and private schools in Taubaté, from August 2004 to January 2005. The questionnaires were self-applied with the first part consisting of 8 questions related to asthma; 6 related to rhinitis and one related to eczema (ISAAC), and the second part consisting of 8 questions related to smoking and 4 related to the presence of pets and/or insects at home (additional questionnaire). Results: In 809 adolescents who completed the questionnaires, the prevalence of \"wheezing ever\" was 44.6%; \"wheezing in the last 12 months\" 15.3%; \"one or more crisis of wheezing in the last 12 months\" 15.4%; \"sleeping disturbed by wheezing\" 10.6%; \"speech disturbed by wheezing\" 1.7%; \"asthma ever\" 6.8%; \"wheezing following exercise\" 13.5%; \"nocturnal dry coughing without respiratory infection\" 33.1%; \"rhinitis ever\" 37.6% and \"eczema ever\" 16.2% with no statistically significant difference between girls and boys. There was a significant difference between adolescent girls and boys who related \" nose symptoms in the last 12 months with watery and itchy eyes\", predominant in girls (p=0.03). There was a significant association in all adolescents between \"asthma and rhinitis ever\"(p=0.02). However, the adolescents( boys and girls) who denied having \"asthma ever\", had significant association between \"rhinitis and eczema ever\" and also between \"wheezing following exercise and/or nocturnal dry coughing without respiratory infection\"(p=0.001), which suggests the subdiagnosis of asthma. The risk factors studied were related only to the symptoms of active asthma in order to favor recall. The prevalence of adolescent smokers in the study was 0.7%. In relation to passive smoking, the prevalence was 41% of which 35% corresponded to the mothers who smoked. The presence of pets was noted in 55.6% of the answers and of these, 34.9% were house pets. The presence of insects at home was related to 55.1% of the sample studied. When the risk factors were related to the symptoms of active asthma, there wasn\'t a statistically significant association. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma in the study was 6.8%. The prevalence of rhinitis and eczema was respectively 37.6% and 16.2%. The risk factors didn\'t have association with active asthma.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da prevalência das doenças alérgicas tem sido associado a vários fatores de risco e a detecção destes e a avaliação da prevalência em diferentes regiões é fundamental. O protocolo padronizado ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), possibilitou a comparação destes dados epidemiológicos. Os OBJETIVOS deste estudo foram: avaliar a prevalência da asma, rinite e eczema alérgicos e sintomas relacionados, entre escolares de 13 a 14 anos, da região oeste da cidade de São Paulo, utilizando-se o questionário escrito ISAAC e identificar possíveis fatores de risco associados à presença de asma ou à positividade ao teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata (TCHI). MÉTODOS: Entre fevereiro de 2002 e outubro de 2003 foi aplicado questionário escrito ISAAC em 3181 alunos. Após amostragem sistemática, 528 alunos foram submetidos ao TCHI para o diagnóstico de atopia e responderam a um questionário complementar sobre antecedentes familiares e condições ambientais. Foram constituídos grupos de alunos com ou sem asma, considerando-se a presença de sintomas de asma nos últimos 12 meses, e com ou sem TCHI positivo a pelo menos um aeroalérgeno. A análise dos fatores de risco foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher e por regressão binária logística (Backward Stepwise). RESULTADOS: As prevalências encontradas foram: asma de 21,9%, diagnóstico médico de asma 8,9%, rinite de 30,1%, rinoconjuntivite de 19,8% , diagnóstico médico de rinite 18,9%, eczema atópico de 9,7% e o diagnóstico médico de eczema 8,6%. Houve associação entre asma, rinite e eczema atópico em 2,3% dos adolescentes. O sexo feminino foi prevalente em todas as questões sobre asma, rinite e eczema atópico. Houve associação entre TCHI e a presença de asma (OR = 2,6) e de rinite (OR = 1,9). Em relação à asma, os fatores de risco foram: sintomas de rinite no último ano (ORajustado = 3,2); positividade ao TCHI (ORajustado = 2,8); parto prematuro (ORajustado = 3,8); nunca consumir vegetais cozidos (ORajustado = 2,6); presença de eczema em locais característicos (ORajustado = 2,9) e mãe alérgica (ORajustado = 2,0). Em relação à positividade do TCHI, os fatores de risco foram: presença de asma (ORajustado = 2,3); sintomas de rinite no último ano (ORajustado = 1,9); pai alérgico (ORajustado = 2,2) e parto cesáreo (ORajustado = 1,7). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma neste estudo mostrou valores elevados em comparação ao diagnóstico médico de asma. A prevalência da rinoconjuntivite foi comparável ao diagnóstico médico de rinite, que foram menores que a prevalência de rinite no último ano. A prevalência de eczema atópico foi maior que aquela avaliada pelo critério combinado. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino nas respostas positivas para todas as doenças atópicas. Houve associação entre TCHI e presença de rinite ou asma. Os fatores de risco associados à asma foram: mãe alérgica, rinite, parto prematuro, eczema em locais característicos, dieta sem vegetais cozidos e TCHI positivos e os relacionados à positividade do TCHI: pai alérgico, cesárea, asma e rinite no último ano. / INTRODUCTION: The increase of allergic diseases has been associated to several risk factors, the detection of them and prevalences evaluations from different areas are essential. The written questionnaire standardized by "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood" - ISAAC, made possible the comparison of epidemiologic data. The aims of the present study were: to evaluate the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and allergic eczema and related symptoms, among students from 13 to 14 years in the west area of São Paulo city, through the written questionnaire from the ISAAC study and to identify possible risk factors associated to asthma or positive skin prick test in this population. METHODS: In the period from February/2002 to October/2003 written questionnaire was applied to 3181 students. After selection by systematic samples, 528 students were submitted to skin prick test regarding the atopic diagnose and they answered a complementary questionnaire about family history and environmental conditions. The students' groups were constituted with or without asthma according the positive answer to asthma symptoms in the last 12 months, and with or without positive skin prick test at least one aeroallergen. The risk factors analysis was accomplished by univariated (qui-square or Fisher’ exact test) and multivariated analysis by binary logistic regression (Backward Stepwise). RESULTS: The prevalence found were: asthma 21,9%, medical diagnosis of asthma 8,9%, rhinitis 30,1%, rhinoconjunctivitis 19,8%, medical diagnosis of rhinitis 18,9%, atopic eczema 9,7% and the medical diagnosis of eczema 8,6%. There was association among asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema in 2,3% of the adolescents. Female sex was prevalent in all of the subjects on asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema. There was association between skin prick test and asthma (OR = 2,6) and rhinitis (OR = 1,9). In relation to asthma, the risk factors were: rhinitis symptoms in the last year (ORadjusted = 3,2); positive skin prick test (ORadjusted = 2,8); premature delivery (ORadjusted = 3,8); never to consume cooked vegetables (ORadjusted = 2,6); eczema presence in characteristic areas (ORadjusted = 2,9) and allergic mother (ORadjusted = 2,0). In relation to positive skin prick test, the risk factors were: asthma (ORadjusted = 2,3); rhinitis symptoms in the last year (ORadjusted = 1,9); allergic father (ORadjusted = 2,2) and cesarean section (ORadjusted = 1,7). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high prevalence of asthma when compared with medical diagnosis of asthma. The prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis was similar to medical diagnostic of rhinitis that was lower than the rhinitis prevalence in the last year. The prevalence of atopic eczema was higher than combined criteria. The female gender predominates in all positive responses regarding allergic diseases. There was association between skin prick test and asthma or rhinitis. The risk factors associated with asthma were allergic mother, rhinitis, premature delivery, eczema at characteristic areas, diet without cooked vegetables and positive skin prick test. The risk factors associated with positive skin prick test were: allergic father, cesarean section, asthma and rhinitis in the last year.

Cette thèse traite des processus psychiques en jeu lors de l’éveil de coma, nommés par l’auteur travail de l'éveil.Elle s’appuie sur une expérience de travail clinique auprès de patients, pendant la période de coma et lors de leur éveil, sur la durée de leur hospitalisation en réanimation adulte.Elle propose de penser le coma et l'éveil comme processus, et non comme état, engendrant des mouvements psychiques et corporels, nécessitant un accompagnement constant et ne pouvant être pensés hors des lieux dans lesquels ils se déroulent. En découle une construction théorico-clinique d’une méthodologie du positionnement du psychologue clinicien chercheur dans une unité de soin somatique très médicalisée.Dans ce travail, il est question de la reprise des processus de symbolisation lors de l'éveil du patient dans un processus d'échoïsation au fonctionnement du service.Le modèle ainsi dégagé souligne la nécessité de penser l'éveil de coma sous l'angle de la subjectivité et de l'intersubjectivité, au travers de la rencontre et du tressage des éléments somatiques, psychiques et énergétiques, sur la scène d’un service de réanimation, et ouvre sur trois voies : l’éveil, l’état végétatif chronique et ses différentes déclinaisons, ou la mort.Le coma est ici considéré comme faisant partie du parcours du patient, de son histoire de vie, et non comme une rupture de la continuité.Le modèle proposé attire particulièrement l’attention sur la question des stimuli, de l’historicisation, du délire, du fond hallucinatoire du psychisme et du rapport à l’autre dans sa dimension de sujet comme vecteurs de l’éveil dans une double composante : éveil vers la vie ou éveil vers la mort. / This thesis adresses the psychic processes that take place during the awakening from coma, named by the author “Work of awakening”. It is based on a work experience in a clinic, with patients in a state of coma and in the phase of their awakening, during their hospitalization period in adult intensive care. It proposes to think the coma and the awakening as a process, and not as a state, that can generate psychic and physical movements, that necessitate a constant assistance and that cannot be thought outside the places where they happen. From there can be elaborated a theoretical and clinical methodology of the role of the clinical psychologist researcher in a very medicalized unit of somatic care.This work deals with the re-start of processes of symbolisation during the awakening, in a an echoing process to the functionning of the departement. The model proposed in this work therefore underlines the necessity to consider the awakening from coma from a subjective and intersubjective point of view, through the meeting and the linking of somatic, psychic and energy elements during the reanimation. It opens to three possible paths : the awakening, the chronic vegetative state and its various declinations, or death. Coma is considered here as part of the patient’s life and not as a rupture in continuity. The model proposed draws attention in particular to the issues of stimuli, of historicisation, of delirium, of the hallucinatory depth of psychism and of the relation to the other in its dimension of subject, as vectors to the awakening either towards life or death.

INTRODUÇÃO: A dermatite atópica (DA) é considerada a principal e mais freqüente manifestação cutânea da atopia, podendo acometer até 20% da população pediátrica mundial. Trata-se de uma doença multifatorial onde agentes infecciosos como S.aureus são relevantes no desencadeamento das crises. OBJETIVOS: (1) Avaliar a taxa de colonização do S.aureus na pele e vestíbulo nasal de pacientes com DA e o seu perfil de sensibilidade a antibióticos (2) Comparar os resultados com a taxa de colonização do vestíbulo nasal dos cuidadores primários (3) Avaliar a associação entre colonização por S.aureus gravidade da doença e hábitos de higiene. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo entre dezembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram avaliados aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais de crianças com DA em seguimento na unidade de alergia e imunologia do Instituto da Criança da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (ICr HCFMUSP). Foram incluídos pacientes que apresentaram DA moderada ou grave, classificados de acordo com o escore de gravidade SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis). Foram excluídos pacientes que haviam utilizado antibioticoterapia há menos de 30 dias da inclusão, que apresentavam infecções cutâneas ou utilizavam imunossupressores por via sistêmica. A pesquisa de S.aureus em pacientes foi realizada por meio de coleta de swab em vestíbulo nasal, lesão aguda e crônica dos pacientes com DA e nos cuidadores primários foi realizado swab de vestibulo nasal. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes (14M), 18 com DA moderada e 9, grave. O início da doença ocorreu entre 2 e 60 meses de idade (mediana de 12m) e a coleta de swab ocorreu ao 9 anos (mediana, com variação entre 2 e 15 anos). Todos os pacientes apresentaram colonização por S.aureus em pelo menos um local de coleta, sendo a lesão aguda o mais frequente (24/27), seguido do nariz (23/27) e lesão crónica (20/27). Dezenove cuidadores apresentaram S.aureus em vestíbulo nasal. A presença de S.aureus meticilino resistente (MRSA) foi detectada em 9/23 pacientes no vestíbulo nasal, 8/24 na lesão aguda e 6/20 na lesão crônica. Entre os cuidadores 6/19 apresentaram S.aureus MRSA em vestíbulo nasal. Pacientes e cuidadores primários apresentaram semelhança no perfil de sensibilidade a antibióticos (kappa 0,75). A gravidade da doença (SCORAD), não se correlacionou de maneira significante com a taxa de colonização, mas pacientes com escores de prurido mais elevados apresentaram estafilococos MRSA com maior freqüência de maneira estatisticamente significante (p= 0,29). Houve uma elevada taxa de compartilhamento de produtos com destaque: produtos pessoais (17/27) cama (11/27) e toalha (3/27) CONCLUSÃO: S.aureus permanece como uma bactéria bastante presente na pele de quem apresenta dermatite atópica, independentemente do tipo de lesão. A presença de elevadas taxas de S.aureus MRSA é um sinal de alerta para o cuidadoso manejo de pacientes com DA e estratégias que envolvam a orientação com relação as medidas de higiene e cuidado pessoal devem fazer parte do tratamento da dermatite atópica / Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered the main and most common cutaneous manifestation of atopy, affecting up to 20% of the world pediatric population. It is a multifactorial disease where infectious agents such as S. aureus are relevant in the onset of crises. OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate the rate of colonization of S.aureus in the skin and nasal vestibule of patients with AD and its antibiotic susceptibility profile. (2) To compare the results with the nasal vestibular colonization rate of primary caregivers (3 ) Evaluate the association between S.aureus colonization, disease severity and hygiene habits. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out between December 2016 and February 2017. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of children with AD were evaluated at the unit of allergy and immunology of the Children\'s Institute of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (ICr HCFMUSP). Patients with moderate or severe AD, classified according to SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis) severity score were included. Patients who used antibiotic therapy less than 30 days before inclusion, who had cutaneous infections or who used systemic immunosuppressants were excluded. The study of S.aureus in patients was performed through nasal vestibule swab collection, acute and chronic lesion of patients with AD, and nasal vestibule swabs were performed in primary caregivers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (14M), 18 patients with moderate AD and 9 patients, were diagnosed. The onset of the disease occurred between 2 and 60 months of age (median of 12 m) and swab collection occurred at 9 years (median, Between 2 and 15 years). All patients presented colonization by S.aureus in at least one collection site, with acute lesion being the most frequent (24/27), followed by the nose (23/27) and chronic lesion (20/27). Nineteen caregivers presented S .aureus in the nasal vestibule. The presence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) was detected in 9/23 patients in the nasal vestibule, 8/24 in the acute lesion and 6/20 in the chronic lesion. Carriers 6/19 presented S.aureus MRSA in the nasal vestibule. Patients and primary caregivers presented similarity in the sensitivity profile to antibiotics (kappa 0.75). The severity of the disease (SCORAD) did not correlate significantly with the rate of colonization, but patients with higher pruritus scores had statistically more significant MRSA staphylococci (p = 0.29). There was a high rate of product sharing with emphasis on: personal products (17/27) bed (11/27) and towel (3/27) CONCLUSION: S.aureus remains a very present bacterium in the skin of those with atopic dermatitis , Regardless of the type of injury. The presence of high rates of S.aureus MRSA are a warning sign for the careful management of patients with AD and strategies that involve guidance regarding hygiene measures and personal care should be part of the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Introdução: Eczemas são manifestações inflamatórias da pele. Na infância se destacam a dermatite atópica (DA) e a dermatite de contato (DC). Os testes de contato correspondem a um método auxiliar para diferenciar a dermatite de contato por irritante primário (DCIP) da dermatite de contato alérgica (DCA) e definir a etiologia da DCA. Nos pacientes com DA, têm a faculdade de também auxiliar na identificação de substâncias que possam estar contribuindo para a piora do quadro. Objetivos: verificar a frequência de testes de contato positivos em crianças com hipóteses diagnósticas de DC e de DA associada ou não à DC; obter os principais sensibilizantes nessa faixa etária e comparar os dados obtidos entre os grupos de pacientes com DC e DA. Métodos: Durante o período entre julho de 2007 e agosto de 2009, 62 crianças com idades entre 2 e 12 anos foram submetidas aos testes de contato com a bateria padrão e/ou bateria de cosméticos de testes de contato padronizadas pelo Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos em Dermatite de Contato. As leituras foram realizadas em 48 e 96 horas. Resultados: Entre os 62 pacientes submetidos aos testes de contato, 38 pacientes apresentaram pelo menos um teste de contato positivo e 24, todos negativos. Entre os 44 pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica inicial de DA, 19 tinham DA associada à DCA. Entre os 18 pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica inicial de DC, 12 apresentavam DCA. No total, foram encontrados 76 testes positivos, sendo 53 (70%) relevantes, e 23 (30%) não relevantes com a história clínica do paciente. Os pacientes com DA apresentaram mais testes positivos não relevantes do que os pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica apenas de DC, e essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa.( 2 = 6,55 e p = 0,01 ). Considerando os testes relevantes com a história clínica, o sulfato de níquel foi o principal sensibilizante com 14 (22,6%) testes positivos, a neomicina foi o segundo sensibilizante mais comum com sete testes positivos (11,3%), e a terceira substância mais comum foi o cloreto de cobalto com quatro (6,4%) testes positivos. Testes não relevantes foram encontrados em 30% do total de substâncias com testes positivos. O timerosol foi positivo em 11 casos, porém em oito pacientes com DA não foram relevantes com a história clínica. Conclusões: Pacientes na faixa etária entre 2 e 12 anos com DA e DC apresentaram testes de contato positivos, e não houve diferenças quanto à frequência dos testes positivos entre esses dois grupos. Os principais sensibilizantes relevantes com a história clínica foram o sulfato de níquel, a neomicina e o cloreto de cobalto, o que está de acordo com vários estudos na literatura. Pacientes com DA apresentaram mais testes falso-positivos que os pacientes com DC, possivelmente por um defeito da barreira cutânea dos pacientes com DA, e maior exposição precoce aos medicamentos tópicos ou emolientes para o controle da DA. Teste de contato em crianças pode ser considerado importante ferramenta para auxiliar no diagnóstico dos eczemas, identificando o agente causador da DC ou de piora nos casos de DA, e deve ser levado em conta em todos esses pacientes / Eczema is a cutaneous inflammatory manifestation in some dermatosis. In children, we highlight atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD). Patch tests help to differentiate irritative contact dermatitis (ICD) from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and define the etiology of allergic contact dermatitis. In patients with AD, it may also help to identify substances that may contribute to the worsening of this dermatosis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of positive patch tests in children with diagnosis of CD and AD with or without CD; to detect the main sensitizers in this group and compare the results between the groups of patients with CD and AD. Methods: From July 2007 to August 2009, 62 children aged between 2 to 12 years old were patch tested with the Brazilian standard battery of patch tests and cosmetic series. The readings were taken at 48 and 96 hours. Results: Thirty-eight patients had at least one positive patch test reactions and 24, all negative. Among the 44 patients with initial diagnosis of AD, 19 were associated with ACD. Among the 18 patients with initial diagnosis of CD, 12 had ACD. In total, there were 76 positive tests, 53 (70%) relevant, and 23 (30%) not relevant to the patient\'s clinical history. Patients with AD showed more positive tests not relevant than patients with diagnosis of CD only, and this difference was statistically significant. (2 = 6.55 and p = 0.01). Considering the relevant tests, nickel sulphate was the main allergen with 14 (22.6%) positive tests, neomycin was the second with seven positive tests (11.3%), and the third substance was cobalt chloride with four (6.4%) positive tests. Tests not relevant were found in 30% of the total of the positive tests. Thimerosol was positive in 11 cases, but in eight patients with AD were not relevant to the clinical history. Conclusions Patients aged between 2 to 12 years old with AD and CD had positive tests, and there were no differences in the frequency of positive tests between these two groups. The main sensitizers, relevant to the clinical history were nickel sulfate, neomycin and cobalt chloride. This result is consistent with several studies in the literature. Patients with AD showed more false-positive tests than patients with CD, possibly due to a defective skin barrier of AD patients, and earlier exposure to topical emollients and treatments for the control of AD. Patch test in children can be considered an important tool for the diagnosis of eczema, identifying the causative agent of CD or worsening cases of AD, and should be performed in all these patients. The correct interpretation of the patch tests is essential to evaluate the association of ACD in patients with AD and to identify the causative agent of the ACD

Background: Vitamin D is known to be associated with inflammatory diseases, but its relationship with allergic diseases is unclear. The study objective is to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels and markers of wheeze, asthma and atopy. Methods: Data (n = 9,463) on serum vitamin D levels and atopy were obtained from 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum vitamin D level was categorized into four groups: Normal (≥30ng/ml), Insufficient (21-29ng/ml), Deficient (11-20ng/ml) and Severely Deficient (≤10ng/ml). Atopy was defined as at least 1 positive allergen-specific IgE level measured for a panel of 5 common aeroallergens- cat, dog, house dust mite, cock roach and Alternaria species. Doctor-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous 12 months were assessed by means of questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association of serum vitamin D with wheeze, asthma and atopy adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, outdoor physical activity, body mass index and poverty income ratio. Results: Overall, 15%, 14% and 28% of subjects had wheeze, asthma and atopy, respectively. Approximately 21% had normal serum vitamin D levels, while 35%, 28% and 5% had insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels. Compared to subjects with normal vitamin D levels, those with insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels had increased relative odds of wheeze and atopy with highest adjusted estimates in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.73-3.10 for wheeze; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.89 for atopy). Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D levels were found to be associated with wheeze and atopy. Findings contribute to ongoing efforts to understanding the role of vitamin D in atopic diseases.

No description available.

<p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an important mediator in atopic allergies. This thesis describes the development of a therapeutic vaccine against IgE and its effects in rats and dogs. The development of an assay to determine IgE levels in dogs, and the finding of a chromosome region in rats that affects IgE levels are also reported. </p><p>The vaccine is a chimeric molecule consisting of the constant domains Cε2, Cε3 and Cε4 from IgE. The target domain of the vaccine is the Cε3 domain in the recipient species, which is the domain directly involved in receptor binding, while the flanking regions, Cε2 and Cε4, are from a distantly related mammal. In rats, the vaccine induced an immune response against circulating IgE, which decreased IgE levels by 90% and substantially reduced their allergic symptoms. Further, the effects of adjuvants in rats and dogs were evaluated, and when co-administered with the vaccine certain adjuvants were shown to increase the immune response against IgE. Mineral-oils were the most potent adjuvants in inducing a response against IgE, but metabolizable oils spiked with immunostimulatory substances were also efficient. </p><p>It was also shown that the therapeutic vaccine could induce a decrease in IgE levels in adult dogs, even though their initial levels were exceptionally high compared with humans. The IgE levels in 76 dogs ranged between 1 and 41 μg/ml while humans normally have around 150 ng/ml. However, the high IgE levels did not correlate to any specific breed, nor did they distinguish between dogs that were diagnosed as healthy and those suffering from atopic eczema, autoimmunity or skin parasites. </p><p>Regulation of total IgE levels probably involves many genes. In the final phase of the study, one candidate locus known to be involved in arthritis susceptibility in rats was investigated, and was found also to affect IgE levels.</p>

<p>Mast cell (MC) accumulation around tumours is an old observation gaining new relevance due to the multifaceted nature of MCs and their many roles in immunity, beyond allergy. Knowledge about tumour specific recruitment of, and interactions with, MCs is needed to unravel the function of their presence.</p><p>This study investigates the participation of mast cells in the tumourigenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a tumour with many inflammatory features. We report that MC recruitment into HL lymphomatous tissue is possibly due to the production of CCL5/RANTES by malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. In addition, increased levels of IL-9, a cytokine implicated in mast cell heterogeneity and as an autocrine growth factor for HRS cells, were found in HL patient sera and correlate with negative prognostic factors. The ubiquitous expression of CD30 by HRS cells has been implicated in HL tumour development. In HL tissue MCs were found to be the predominant CD30 ligand (CD30L) expressing cells, and through CD30L/CD30 engagement they induced a proliferative response in HRS cells. This interaction proved to be bi-directional as it induced a degranulation-independent <i>de novo</i> synthesis of a specific set of chemokines in MCs, including IL-8. This novel trigger of MC activation is suggested to be of importance also in atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis since increased numbers of CD30L and IL-8 positive MCs were detected along with increased expression of CD30.</p><p>Data presented in this study supports a specific recruitment of MCs into HL tumours and co-operative interactions between HRS cells and MCs. Our identification of reversed signalling via CD30L as a novel MC trigger provides a mechanism behind leukocyte infiltration and chronic development in diseases associated with CD30 and MCs, such as HL, AD and psoriasis.</p>