Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T17:46:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 barbaravitaldematosoliveira.pdf: 2095013 bytes, checksum: f18f67a406e7bb2a5ec40094c835beb7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T13:25:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barbaravitaldematosoliveira.pdf: 2095013 bytes, checksum: f18f67a406e7bb2a5ec40094c835beb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T13:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbaravitaldematosoliveira.pdf: 2095013 bytes, checksum: f18f67a406e7bb2a5ec40094c835beb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-02 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação o Poder Legislativo Municipal durante o período do regime autoritário de 1964-1985 no Brasil, tendo como caso de estudo a Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Assim, buscou-se analisar: o que ocorreu com a Câmara Municipal em questão após o golpe de 1964 e a consequente instituição de um novo regime, de caráter autoritário, e; quais foram as alterações institucionais sobre a ordem jurídica e política e sobre o sistema político-partidário e eleitoral. As dimensões de análise mobilizadas no estudo são as dimensões institucional, eleitoral e política, organizacional e de produção legislativa. A dissertação se desenvolve em três capítulos. O Capítulo I disserta sobre os primeiros impactos do golpe de 1964 e do novo regime inaugurado por este evento sobre a cidade e a Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora. O Capítulo II aborda as alterações na ordem jurídica e política no plano formal, investigando se tais alterações impactaram, e de que maneira, o Legislativo municipal na prática. O Capítulo III é dedicado à análise das eleições municipais para os cargos do Executivo e do Legislativo, bem como a competição e a dinâmica eleitorais e partidárias do município. Para tal exercício, foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas de pesquisa: (a) a análise documental, tendo como fontes o jornal local Diário Mercantil, as Atas das Sessões da Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora, os processos de produção legislativa, as leis federais do período, como os Atos Institucionais, a Constituição de 1967, a Emenda Constitucional nº 1, de 1969, entre outros; (b) a análise de dados, tais como dados eleitorais das eleições municipais que ocorreram entre 1962 e 1982, informados pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e pelo periódico Diário Mercantil, e dados de produção legislativa disponibilizados pelo arquivo digital e o arquivo físico da Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora e; (c) a análise de discurso por meio de entrevistas realizadas com vereadores que exerceram mandato à época. / The present study has as investigation object the Municipal Legislature during the period of the authoritarian regime of 1964-1985 in Brazil, taking the Municipal Council of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, as a case study. Thus, it was sought to analyze: what happened to the Municipal Council in question after the 1964 coup and the consequent establishment of a new authoritarian regime of permanence; and what the institutional changes on the legal and political order and the political party and electoral system were. The analysis dimensions mobilised in the study are the institutional dimensions, electoral and political, organizational and legislative production. The dissertation develops in three chapters. Chapter I discourses on the early impacts of the 1964 coup and the new regime inaugurated by this event over the city and the Municipal Council of Juiz de Fora. Chapter II addresses the changes in law and policy in the formal level, investigating whether and how these changes impacted the Municipal Council in practice. Chapter III is devoted to analysis of municipal elections for the positions of the executive and legislative, as well as competition and the electoral and party dynamics of the municipality. For such practice, many different research techniques were used: (a) the documentary analysis, with the local newspaper sources Diário Mercantil, the Minutes of Proceedings of the Municipality of Juiz de Fora, the legislative production processes, federal law period as the Institutional Acts, the 1967 Constitution, the Constitutional Amendment No. 1, 1969, among others; (b) the analysis of data such as electoral data of the municipal elections that took place between 1962 and 1982, informed by the Superior Electoral Court and the periodic Mercantile Journal, legislative and production data provided by the digital file and the physical file of the Municipality of Juiz de Fora; and (c) discourse analysis through interviews with councilors who were in office at the time.

Myanmar (former Burma) has not had an easy path towards democracy. Once a British colony, the country has struggled with the violent military junta for several decades. The international community has been said to have failed in trying to stabilise Myanmar, in spite of good intentions. Although Myanmar is still far from being a consolidated country, there has, however, been some progress with democratisation.   This research will study how we can explain the democratisation process in Myanmar. It will concentrate on three key events which are analysed within a framework of two theories: Joseph S. Nye’s soft power, and realism. This study is conducted as a theory testing case study and is therefore using a qualitative method. Previous research in the form of democratisation theories from Diamond and Linz & Stepan are discussed as well. With the help of the theoretical framework, the study aims to discover whether the democratisation process can be explained with the help of those theories.

Cette thèse examine la politisation dans un régime autoritaire à travers l’étude de deux mouvements rock contestataires en Biélorussie. Le rock « national » s’est constitué en tant que mouvement artistique dans les années 1980 autour de la production de la musique contemporaine d’inspiration occidentale chantée en langue biélorusse et de la promotion d’une vision hétérodoxe de l’« identité nationale ». Le tournant autoritaire des années 1995-1996 a provoqué la repolitisation contestataire de ce mouvement artistique. Les acteurs du rock « national » continuent de revendiquer le statut « underground » tout en aspirant à la professionnalisation dans le cadre du système de production commercial. C’est aussi au milieu des années 1990 qu’un autre mouvement contestataire se constitue – le rock anarcho-punk DIY imprégné des conventions du modèle Do it yourself internationalisé. Ce mouvement proche des groupements anarchistes prône l’amateurisme, la production artistique restreinte et le radicalisme des prises de position. Sur l’exemple de ces deux mouvements artistiques, la thèse étudie les logiques de politisation et les modes de contestation. / Based on a study of two protest rock movements in Belarus, this thesis examines the phenomenon of politicisation in an authoritarian regime. The “national” rock emerged in the 1980s as a modern artistic movement inspired by Western music conventions. Singing in Belarusian, this scene aspired to promote a heterodox vision of “national identity”. The authoritarian turn in 1995-1996 provoked protest re-politicisation of this artistic movement. “National” rock musicians continued to claim the “underground” status, while aspiring to professionalisation and commercial production. Against the backdrop of the authoritarian change, another protest movement emerged in the mid-1990s. Following the internationalised Do-It-Yourself model, the DIY anarcho-punk is closely linked to anarchist groups and promotes amateurism, limited artistic production and radical political expression. Based on the example of the two artistic movements, this thesis studies the logics of politicisation and the modes of political protest.

Ce travail cherche à comprendre comment le cinéma d’animation en Tunisie, une pratique artistique « en marge », à la fois dans son monde de l’Art et dans la société dans laquelle elle est produite, puisse s’ériger en tant que vecteur de contestation dans un contexte autoritaire. Il s’agit de tracer l’histoire méconnue de cet art depuis sa genèse et sur toute la période étudiée (1965-1995). Une histoire qui se confond avec celle des changements sociopolitiques du pays sous les deux régimes autoritaires postindépendance. Nous entendons dégager la ou les forme(s) de contestation en interrogeant, d’une part le matériau filmique etd’autre part les sources orales, mémoires vivantes de cet art. Nous confrontons deux discours celui du régime (du centre) et celui de l’art (la périphérie) afin de révéler le mécanisme de formulation du propos contestataire dans le cinéma d’animation tunisien. / This work seeks to understand how animation in Tunisia – an artistic activity on the fringes, both in the art world and in the society in which it is produced - became a vehicle for political protest within an authoritarian context. It recounts the hitherto untold history of this art form together with the socio-political changes under the two post-independence authoritarian regimes. We intend to reveal the form(s) of protest by examining, on the one hand, the cinematic material and, on the other, live testimonials, first-hand memories of the art form. We confront two different types of rhetoric, that of the regime (core values) and the art of animation(marginal culture) to reveal the mechanisms used to formulate the protest statements in Tunisian animation.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can enrich the ways in which citizens participate in civic and political matters. Indeed, many theorists on online participation, or eParticipation, proclaim the potential of digital technologies to empower citizens with convenient ways to participate in democratic processes and to hold leaders to account. However, it is not clear if and how digital technologies, notably social media, can contribute to a more democratic system and engaged public in a country where open expression is limited. This thesis studies Social Networking Sites (SNS) as Information Systems (IS) artefacts, including individuals’ motivation for using them, how their features enable participation - or not - and the impacts of their use in an authoritarian country. Through personal interviews and focus group discussions in Uganda, this thesis finds that the common enablers of online participation in often-studied, mostly Western democratic countries are rarely translated into the offline world in an authoritarian country with one president for the last 30 years. The thesis proposes ways to increase eParticipation in authoritarian contexts, citing the social accountability sector (where the thesis shows evidence of eParticipation working) as a pathway to greater citizen participation and government responsiveness. Findings also contribute to the Information Systems artefact discourse by illuminating the political, social, technological, and information artefacts in SNS when used for eParticipation. Moreover, the thesis shows how, in contexts with a democracy deficit, resource-based theories such as the Civic Voluntarism Model (CVM) fall short in explaining what motivates political participation. It also explains how social networks contain the various constitutive aspects of the IS artefact – social, technical, informational and political - and how these various aspects need to be aligned for eParticipation to work.

The diploma thesis deals with the regime change in the context of the Arab Spring 2011 with focus on Tunisia, Egypt and Syria. The aim of the thesis is to determine factors causing different progress towards political reforms in each country. Theoretical framework is provided by characteristics of undemocratic regimes, transitions to democracy and democracy itself. Each country is introduced from the historical point of view with focus on the 20th century, especially current methods of the governance. Several conclusions are made based on analytical -- synthetical method of reviewing historical, political and socioeconomical factors determining the domestic situation in compared countries and explaining their influence on different transition progress towards the new political system.

No description available.

Les recherches menées dans cette étude se situent dans le cadre de l’analyse du volontarisme étatique dans l’accélération du processus d’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes. Notre postulat de départ est que l'émancipation de la femme en Tunisie émane d'une volonté politique impulsée depuis le haut par le pouvoir tunisien par le biais d’une réforme juridique. Nous défendons l’idée selon laquelle le rapport entre l’État et la question féminine en Tunisie demeure indissociable. La libération des Tunisiennes ayant été portée par le dirigisme étatique dans le cadre d’un régime de type autoritaire, il nous a semblé important de chercher à comprendre et à expliquer les paradoxes de ce projet autoritaire de modernisation ainsi que les dynamiques sociales et les tensions qui en résultent. Notre réflexion s’est constituée autour d’un deuxième axe, à savoir le rapport complexe qu’entretient le régime autoritaire tunisien avec la question féminine. Nous avons ainsi émis l’hypothèse que les raisons de l’engagement du régime dépassent la simple émancipation des femmes ou l’instauration d’une égalité entre les sexes pour s’inscrire dans une logique de contrôle, de répression, et dans un rapport clientéliste. Cette partie constitue une critique du féminisme d’État en Tunisie et de la manière avec laquelle il monopolise la question féminine. Nous en sommes venus à analyser la monopolisation de la cause féminine par le régime tunisien ainsi que les réactions et/ou les mobilisations des femmes et leur opposition à cette politique féministe autoritaire. / The research conducted in this study is part of the analysis of state voluntarism in accelerating the process of equality between women and men. Our starting postulate is that the emancipation of women in Tunisia comes from a political will, driven from the top by the Tunisian power through a legal reform. We are defending the idea that the link between the state and the women's issue in Tunisia remains inseparable. The liberation of Tunisian women has been directed by state as part of an authoritarian regime, therefore we thought it was important trying to understand and explain the paradoxes of this authoritarian project of modernization along with social dynamics and tensions resulting from it. Our reflection was built around a second approach, that is the complex link between the Tunisian authoritarian regime and the women’s issue. We thus hypothesized that the reasons for the regime's commitment go over the simple emancipation of women or the establishment of gender equality in order to fit into a logic of control, repression, and in a clientelist relation. This part forms a criticism of the state feminism and of the way it monopolizes the women’s issue. We finally analyzed how the Tunisian regime monopolize the women's cause and we studied the reactions and / or mobilizations of women as well as their opposition to this authoritarian feminist policy.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of domestic political actors in Ukraine’s transition process (2000-2005), under which it went from a competitive authoritarian regime to a democracy in the year 2005. Ukraine was chosen as a single case study since previous theories, such as Levitsky & Ways’ structural theory of linkage, leverage and organizational power and Bunce & Wolchiks’ regional diffusion-theory, have difficulties in explaining Ukraine’s democratization. These theories have focused excessively on either the regime’s or the opposition’s role in the transition but not on how they interact. The result of this study suggests that the actors in the political game, between regime (hardliners and softliners) and opposition (moderates and radicals), had a more prominent role in Ukraine’s democratic transition. It also suggests that the actor-oriented approach may be tested as a plausibility probe in other deviant cases of competitive authoritarian regimes in the theory of linkage, leverage and organizational power, such as Benin and Mali, whose regime trajectories unexpectedly led to democratization.

The thesis deals with the Russian non-profit sector and the state restrictive policy directed towards it. Using a multi-case study, thesis examines the impact of the Foreign Agents Act on Civil Society organizations. At the introduction are identified two questions that thesis is dealing with. The first question was, what practical impacts the Foreign Agents Act had on non-profit organizations. For their identification was developed a typology, which included five types of consequences: bureaucratic burden, financial difficulties, public relations deterioration, access to public institutions and general pressure. This typology was applied to three case studies of non-profit organizations. The thesis concludes that these types are valid except for the deterioration of the relationship with the public sphere, which has not been proven. The second question was how this Law fits into the context of state strategies towards civil society between 2012 and 2017. The thesis comes with the assertion that this Act was the key legislation followed by subsequent Laws, that leads to division of the civil sector to several groups.