Detta examensarbete är utfört på Scania Södertälje i syftet att kartlägga cykeltider av Kärnamakeri avdelning på nya gjuteriet. Mätning alla av cykeltider för att sen kartläggas görs för att tydligt visualisera utrustnings samt avdelnings kapacitet. Projektet inleddes med insamling av all nödvändig information som underlag för genomförande av arbetet och därefter valdes lämpliga metoder för att uppnå målen. Resultatet visar en berglipig cykeltidskartläggning över hela avdelningen med en tydlig identifiering av flaskhalsarna som styr hela produktionen. Med hjälp av den valda metoden analyserades flaskhalsarna djupnade för att hitta möjliga slöserier i form av onödiga rörelser för att utföra processen. Förbättringsförslag presenterades som avslutning del av projektens resultat samt även som rekommendationer för fortsatt förbättringsarbete att optimera produktionskapacitet. / This thesis project is implemented at Scania Södertälje with the aim of mapping cycle times of the core making department at the new foundry. All measurement of cycle times to then be mapped is done to clearly visualize equipment and department capacity. The project began with the collection of all necessary information as a basis for carrying out the work and then suitable methods were chosen to achieve the goals. The result shows a pronounced cycle time mapping across the entire department with a clear identification of the bottlenecks that control the entire production. Using the chosen method, the bottlenecks were analysed in depth to find possible waste in the form of unnecessary movements to carry out the process. Improvement proposals were presented as a concluding part of the project's results and also as recommendations for continued improvement work to optimize production capacity.

Produktionsindustrin står just nu inför den fjärde industrirevolutionen där en ökad grad avanslutning och datastyrd produktion har möjligheten att skapa självoptimerande fabriker därmaskiner och system kommunicerar automatiskt i realtid. Införandet av ny teknik kan skapa storaförändringar men även konkurrensfördelar för organisationer, vilket även är fallet för Industri 4.0.Syftet med studien var att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar införandet av Industri 4.0 hostillverkande företag och hur problem inom automatiserad cellproduktion kan reduceras genom attintroducera Industri 4.0 koncept. Studien utfördes som en fallstudie hos Sandvik Coromant därinterna observationer och intervjuer utfördes. Dessutom intervjuades fem externa organisationerverksamma inom industriell digitalisering.Studien visade att det finns olika faktorer som påverkar införandet av Industri 4.0, kategoriseradei tekniska, organisatoriska och marknadsmässiga faktorer. För de tekniska faktorerna harsmåskaliga applikationer, ökad transparens genom anslutning av enheter och en ökad integrationav olika informationssystem en positiv effekt på införandet av industri 4.0. För att möjliggörainförandet i organisatoriska sammanhang måste produktionsorganisationer skaffa digitalakompetenser, integrera sin IT-organisation i sin produktion samt förändra sin kultur och inställningtill Industri 4.0. Dessutom är standardisering, skapande av digitala ekosystem och IT-säkerhet deviktigaste marknadsaspekterna som påverkar införandet av Industri 4.0.Hos Sandvik Coromant har elva problem identifierats som kan reduceras med införandet avkoncept från Industri 4.0. Studien föreslår att anslutning, visualisering och dataanalys används föratt reducera dessa problem. / The fourth industrial revolution is emerging, where connection and data driven production has thepotential to create self-optimizing factories, in which machines and systems can communicate inreal-time. However, adopting new technologies can impose big changes but also create competitiveadvantages for organisations, which is certainly the case of Industry 4.0.The purpose of the study was to identify what main factors that affects the adoption of Industry4.0 for production organisations and how problems in automated production cells could bereduced by introducing Industry 4.0 concepts. The study was performed as a case study at SandvikCoromant, where observations and interviews were conducted. In addition, five externalorganisations specialized in industrial digitalization were interviewed.The study found that there are various factors affecting the adoption of Industry 4.0 categorizedinto technological, organisational and external/environmental factors. In terms of technology,small scale applications, increased transparency through connection and an increased integrationof information systems have positive effect on the adoption of Industry 4.0. In organisationalcontext, production organisations must acquire digital competence, integrate their IT organisationinto their production and change the culture and attitude towards the adoption of Industry 4.0.Furthermore, standardization, creation of ecosystem and IT security are the mainexternal/environmental aspects which affect Industry 4.0 adoption.At Sandvik Coromant, eleven problems were identified which has the potential to be reduced by implementing concepts of Industry 4.0. The study proposes use of connectivity, visualization, dataanalysis to reduce these problems.

Is it possible to produce DAISY talking books of acceptable quality without manually adjusting the reading order, inserting page numbers, fine-tuning lexicons, and so on? This question is especially urgent with regard to our open educational resources published on the OpenLearn website. This presentation recounts our experiences of a fully automated production process for DAISY talking books using only open source tools.

In order to fulfill increasing production rates, new automated production technologies are required for manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced plastic components for the aerospace industry. Currently, large, double curved composite components have to be manufactured manually, which leads to high process times and poor scalability. As a consequence, a team of cooperating robots with passively adjustable end-effectors was developed, that is capable of handling dry carbon textiles and can be used for layups in double curved molds. This thesis deals with the implementation of a robot program, that performs an automated adjustment of each end-effector to the surface geometry of the manufactured part. The functional principle and the accuracy of the process are evaluated. Further, the automatically adjusted end-effectors are utilized to cooperatively layup carbon plies. The results show, that the accuracy of the automated adjusting process is sufficient to drape carbon fabrics during pick-up and automated layup is possible with this approach. In conclusion, the developed process can be integrated into a fully automated process for future experiments, but hardware inaccuracies should be improved, in order to further enhance the accuracy of the system.

Is it possible to produce DAISY talking books of acceptable quality without manually adjusting the reading order, inserting page numbers, fine-tuning lexicons, and so on? This question is especially urgent with regard to our open educational resources published on the OpenLearn website. This presentation recounts our experiences of a fully automated production process for DAISY talking books using only open source tools.

Les systèmes automatisés de production (SAP) représentent une classe importante des systèmes industriels qui sont de plus en plus complexes vue le grand nombre d’interaction et d’interconnexion entre leurs différents composants. En conséquence, ils sont plus sensibles aux dysfonctionnements dont les conséquences peuvent être importantes en termes de productivité, de sécurité et de qualité de production. Un défi majeur est alors de développer une approche intelligente qui peut être utilisée pour le diagnostic de ces systèmes afin de garantir leurs suretés de fonctionnement. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons seulement au diagnostic des SAP ayant une dynamique discrète. Nous présentons dans le premier chapitre ces systèmes, les dysfonctionnements possibles et la terminologie du diagnostic utilisée. Ensuite, nous présentons un état de l’art de différentes méthodes et approches existantes et aussi une synthèse de ces méthodes. Cette synthèse nous a motivé de choisir une approche à base de donnée qui s’appuie sur une technique d’apprentissage automatique, qui est le raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC). Pour cela, nous avons présenté dans le deuxième chapitre un état de l’art sur l’apprentissage automatique et ses différentes méthodes en mettant l’accent essentiellement sur le RàPC et ses utilisations pour le diagnostic des systèmes industriels. Cette étude nous a permis de proposer dans le chapitre 3 une approche d’aide au diagnostic qui se base sur le RàPC. Cette approche s’appuie sur une phase hors ligne et une phase en ligne. La phase hors ligne permet de définir un format de représentation de cas et de construire une base de cas normaux (BCN) et une base de cas défaillants (BCD) à partir d’une base de données d’historique. La phase en ligne permet d’aider les opérateurs humains de surveillance à la prise de la décision du diagnostic la plus adéquate. Les résultats des expérimentations sur un système de tri de caisses ont présentés les piliers de cette approche qui résident au niveau du format de représentation de cas proposé et au niveau de la base de cas utilisé. Pour résoudre ces problèmes et améliorer les résultats, un nouveau format de représentation de cas est proposé dans le chapitre 4. Selon ce format et à partir des données issues du système simulé après son émulation en mode normal et fautif, les cas de la base de cas initiale sont construits. Ensuite, une phase de raisonnement et d’apprentissage incrémental est présentée. Cette phase permet non seulement le diagnostic du système surveillé mais aussi d’enrichir la base de cas suite à l’apparition des nouveaux comportements inconnus. Les expérimentations présentées dans le chapitre 5 sur « le plateau tournant » qui est un sous système du système « tri de caisses » ont permis de montrer l’amélioration des résultats et aussi d’évaluer et de comparer les performances de l’approche proposée vis-à-vis certaines approches d’apprentissage automatique et vis-à-vis une approche à base de modèle pour le diagnostic du plateau tournant. / Automated production systems (APS) represents an important class of industrial systems that are increasingly complex given the large number of interactions and interconnections between their different components. As a result, they are more susceptible to malfunctions, whose consequences can be significant in terms of productivity, safety and quality of production. A major challenge is to develop an intelligent approach that can be used to diagnose these systems to ensure their operational safety. In this thesis, we are only interested in the diagnosis of APS with discrete dynamics. We present in the first chapter these systems, the possible malfunctions and the used terminology for the diagnosis. Then, we present a state of the art of the existing methods for the diagnosis of this class of systems and also a synthesis of these methods. This synthesis motivated us to choose a data-based approach that relies on a machine learning technique, which is Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). For this reason, we presented in the second chapter a state of the art on machine learning and its different methods with a focus mainly on the CBR and its uses for the diagnosis of industrial systems. This study allowed us to propose in Chapter 3 a Case Based Decision Support System for the diagnosis of APS. This system is based on an online block and an offline block. The Offline block is used to define a case representation format and to build a Normal Case Base (NCB) and a Faulty Case Base (FCB) from a historical database. The online block helps human operators of monitoring to make the most appropriate diagnosis decision. The experiments results perform on a sorting system presented the pillars of this approach, which reside in the proposed case representation format and in the used case base. To solve these problems and improve the results, a new case representation format is proposed in chapter 4. According to this format and from the data acquired from the simulated system after its emulation in normal and faulty mode, cases of the initial case base are build. Then, a reasoning and incremental learning phase is presented. This phase allows the system diagnosis and the enrichment of the case base following the appearance of new unknown behaviors. The experiments presented in Chapter 5 and perform on the 'turntable' which is a subsystem of the 'sorting system” allowed to show the improvement of the results and also to evaluate and compare the performances of the proposed approach with some automatic learning approaches and with a model-based approach to turntable diagnosis.

Syftet med föreliggande kvantitativa studie var att undersöka om det förelåg några skillnader i upplevd psykosocial arbetsmiljö beroende på om de anställda arbetar i en automatiserad produktion eller en manuell produktion. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön mättes utifrån aspekterna: inre arbetsmotivationen med underkategorierna: autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet samt krav i arbetet och stress. Enkätstudien genomfördes på en stålindustri där 60 anställda deltog i undersökningen. Mätinstrumenten som användes var BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale) som mätte den inre arbetsmotivationen med behoven; autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet. COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnarie) mätte krav i arbetet och stress. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i inre arbetsmotivation, där de anställda som arbetade på den automatiserade avdelningen skattade högre grad av autonomi än de anställda på den manuella avdelningen. Vidare visade resultatet på en tendens till skillnad i krav i arbetet. De anställda på den manuella avdelningen upplevde högre krav i arbetet än de som arbetade på den automatiserade avdelningen. Inga skillnader påvisades mellan avdelningarna avseende motivationsbehoven kompetens, samhörighet eller stress. / The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether there were any differences in self- perceived psychosocial work environment depending on whether employees work in an automated production or a manual production. The psychosocial work environment was measured on the basis of the aspects: intrinsic work motivation with the subcategories: autonomy, competence and belongingness as well as demands in work and stress. The survey was conducted on a steel industry where 60 employees participated in the survey. The measuring instruments used were the BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale) that measured the intrinsic work motivation with the needs; autonomy, competence and belongingness. COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) measured requirements in work and stress. The result showed a significant difference in intrinsic work motivation, where employees working at the automated department estimated higher autonomy than employees in the manual department. Furthermore, the result showed a tendency to differentiate from the requirements of the work. The staff at the manual department experienced higher demands at work than those working at the automated department. No differences were identified between departments regarding the motivational needs of competence, belongingness or stress.

The diploma work focuses on designing an automated machining, finishing and assembly line. Described in the chapters are the current technology of production, suggestions, the choice of a new solution and a technological-economical evaluation including capacitive and costs of running the production line and a comparison with the current technology. The result is proof that the return of the investment is roughly in one third.

This master’s thesis deals with the safety of a selected production node of an automated body production line. The first part is focused on a recherche of relevant directives by the Council and the European parliament. Follows a systems analysis of a solving issue and description of the production line. In the next part of the thesis, there is an accomplished analysis of harmonized standards in the safety of the production line. Furthermore, there is made hazard identification, risk estimation and risk assessment. The last part of the thesis is focused on a variants creation of safety of a workplace, technical-economic consideration of variants and computations for a final variant of the workplace.

This work deals with analysis one of the production lines at ModusLink Czech Republic s.r.o. It seeks to find possibilities for automation of different processes on the line, currently performed manually. The basic focus is to find the appropriate technical solutions to the automated control of the designated production line. The work seeks to describe all meaningful solutions and compare their advantages and disadvantages. From this comparison of the final proposal is based on comprehensive solutions with the use of machine vision. Another point is the selection of a suitable contractor for the implementation of the proposal, making its advantage in economic terms and the resulting recommendations, if implemented the proposal.