This thesis concentrates on the partial reconstruction of the axiological basis at the core of the ideological – nationalistic disputes between China and Japan. The recent history of Sino-Japanese international relations is analyzed in order to show how nationalistic incentives became the rational political choice in the domestic policy of both countries. The research, concerned primarily with history, memory, and historical memory, is based on the argumentation used by the People’s Daily, an extension of the People’s Republic of China’s political line, in regard to Yasukuni shrine and Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo’s visit to the shrine in 2013. The final purpose of this thesis is to analyze the dialectical argumentation, and by comparing both country’s sentiments, to explain the role of nationalism in their current bilateral relations.

O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre direito material e direito processual à luz do paradigma do formalismo-valorativo, a fim de buscar a solução para intrigantes problemas existentes em matéria de tutela jurisdicional de urgência, em especial a delimitação dessa modalidade diferenciada de tutela, a adequação procedimental, suas técnicas e a influência que sofre do direito material quanto ao preenchimento dos requisitos autorizadores de sua aplicação e quanto à escolha do meio a ser empregado em sua efetivação. / The present study analyzes the relations between Material Law and Process in the light of the methodological paradigm of axiological formalism. It is aimed at seeking the solution to intriguing problems related to urgency jurisdictional tutelage, focusing on limiting this distinctive tutelage kind, its procedural adequacy and the influence it suffers from the Material Law in regards to meeting the authorization requirements to be applied and also in choosing the executive means to enforce it.

O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre direito material e direito processual à luz do paradigma do formalismo-valorativo, a fim de buscar a solução para intrigantes problemas existentes em matéria de tutela jurisdicional de urgência, em especial a delimitação dessa modalidade diferenciada de tutela, a adequação procedimental, suas técnicas e a influência que sofre do direito material quanto ao preenchimento dos requisitos autorizadores de sua aplicação e quanto à escolha do meio a ser empregado em sua efetivação. / The present study analyzes the relations between Material Law and Process in the light of the methodological paradigm of axiological formalism. It is aimed at seeking the solution to intriguing problems related to urgency jurisdictional tutelage, focusing on limiting this distinctive tutelage kind, its procedural adequacy and the influence it suffers from the Material Law in regards to meeting the authorization requirements to be applied and also in choosing the executive means to enforce it.

Cette thèse cherche à articuler l'argumentation rhétorique aux avancées de la sémantique et de la pragmatique sur le point précis des valeurs. Se situant dans le sillage du Traité de l’argumentation, La Nouvelle rhétorique (1958) de Chaïm Perelman et Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, elle se propose d’en réactiver et d’en approfondir les orientations proprement axiologiques à l’aide d’outils linguistiques et sémiotiques qui se trouvent aujourd’hui à la disposition des chercheurs. Elle met au jour, à partir de matériaux verbaux divers (énoncés isolés, textes, corpus), les structures axiologiques du discours argumentatif : axes de la valorisation, relief axiologique, organisation contrastive des énoncés et des textes, tension entre les pôles de la montée en généralité. S’appuyant sur la linguistique de l’énonciation et l’étude des modalités, elle souligne le lien étroit qui unit l’exercice ordinaire du jugement et les conflits de valeurs de grande ampleur, qu’ils s’expriment à travers l’usage de maîtres-mots, le maniement de couples polémiques ou le jeu d’isotopies rivales. L’enquête sur les maîtres-mots et sur leur insertion dans le discours aboutit à un répertoire indicatif. Un corpus portant sur la dispute opposant, en France, partisans et adversaires de la corrida dans la période 2004-2014, est examiné selon une approche interactionnelle et intertextuelle qui conduit à la construction de l’interdiscours dans lequel se situent les énoncés en concurrence. La relation entre émotions et valeurs, négligée par les refondateurs de la rhétorique, se trouve réévaluée. L’enquête topique qu’ils avaient ébauchée donne lieu à des propositions nouvelles mettant l’accent sur le caractère nécessairement tensif des énoncés argumentatifs. / This doctoral dissertation tries to link rhetorical argumentation together with semantics and pragmatics about the specific issue of values. In the wake of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Traité de l’Argumentation. La Nouvelle Rhétorique (1958), this dissertation intends to reactivate and deepen its properly axiological propositions thanks to linguistic and semiotic advances now available.From various verbal data, Part I shows the axiological framework of speech : the valorization registers, the axiological focus, the diferential and contrastive organization of statements and texts, the tension between universal, general and particular values. Relying on the study of utterance production and modalities, Part II underlines the close relation between the ordinary use of judgement and the conflicts of values which express themselves through the use of master words or polemical pairs. The inquiry about master words as they are inserted in discourse results in a list of items, which is obviously highly debatable. A corpus dealing with the dispute about the practice of corrida in France (2004-2014) is examined through an interactional and intertextual approach (Part III), leading to the building of the interdiscourse according to which each pro and con is supposed to take a stand. The links beetween emotions and values, which were neglected by the Traité’s authors, is reconsidered. The topic inquiry, which was sketched, is started again, with an emphasis on the tension lying in the argumentative statements.

O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre direito material e direito processual à luz do paradigma do formalismo-valorativo, a fim de buscar a solução para intrigantes problemas existentes em matéria de tutela jurisdicional de urgência, em especial a delimitação dessa modalidade diferenciada de tutela, a adequação procedimental, suas técnicas e a influência que sofre do direito material quanto ao preenchimento dos requisitos autorizadores de sua aplicação e quanto à escolha do meio a ser empregado em sua efetivação. / The present study analyzes the relations between Material Law and Process in the light of the methodological paradigm of axiological formalism. It is aimed at seeking the solution to intriguing problems related to urgency jurisdictional tutelage, focusing on limiting this distinctive tutelage kind, its procedural adequacy and the influence it suffers from the Material Law in regards to meeting the authorization requirements to be applied and also in choosing the executive means to enforce it.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’enrichir la boîte à outils formelle et conceptuelle de la théorie des transformations de préférence. Pour ce faire, je modélise une procédure, la délibération partielle, par laquelle les agents changent l’ensemble des valeurs qui induisent leur relation de préférences. La délibération partielle se fonde sur l’idée qu’un tel changement résulte d’une prise de conscience (growing awareness) de ces certaines de ces valeurs. En prenant conscience de nouvelles valeurs, l’agent réalise qu’il adhère (respectivement qu’il n’adhère pas) à de mauvaises valeurs (resp. de bonnes), soit que les valeurs auxquelles il adhère sont contradictoires, soit qu’elles se renforcent mutuellement. Au travers d’une analyse critique de la littérature sur les transformations des préférences, l’introduction s’attache à dégager les principales motivations philosophiques de la délibération partielle. Le premier chapitre pose les fondations conceptuelles et formelles de cette procédure et présente, tout en les justifiant, les cinq grandes hypothèses psychologiques que suppose cette procédure. Le second chapitre axiomatise cette procédure et fournit une première interprétation du lien qu’elle entretient avec les changements de choix. Il spécifie de deux structures axiologiques sur laquelle se fonde cette procédure : une structure monotonique et une organisation partitionnelle. Le troisième chapitre, s’appuie sur la délibération partielle pour construire une théorie de la manipulation des préférences. L’idée est qu’un envoyeur choisit conjointement un projet et une stratégie de divulgation valeurs afin de manipuler les préférences d’un receveur. J’établis donc un lien entre le modèle développé au chapitre 2, je développe une théorie de la l’empathie imparfaite et de la divulgation séquentielle des valeurs. / This Ph.D. dissertation aims at providing new conceptual and formal tools in order to model preference changes. To do so, I model a mechanism that I refer to as partial deliberation. Partial deliberation is based on the idea that individuals change their preference by becoming aware of new values. Indeed, their awareness allows them either to reject values they were adhering to or to adopt new values. By critically analysis of the literature on preference changes and on rational choice theory, the introduction emphasizes the main philosophical issues of partial deliberation. The first chapter justifies the five psychological hypotheses on which this mechanism relies and discusses their relation with rational choice theory. The second chapter axiomatically deals with partial deliberation and it formalizes two specific structures : a monotonic structure and partitional structure.Then, the third chapter models a situation of preference manipulation, in which a sender jointly chooses a project and a disclosure strategy in order to manipulate the preference of a receiver. With this model, I account for imperfect empathy and sequential disclosure of values.

Evaluative stances are common in narrative and realized at all levels of linguistic structure. In film reviews, evaluation has been recognized as one of the most important stages alongside description (Taboada, 2011). Following Martin & White’s Appraisal Theory of Evaluation, the present comparative study focuses on two sub-systems of Appraisal, namely Appreciation and Engagement. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: a) to compare the way in which film critics use evaluative, axiological adjectives to evaluate two different film types and b) to study how professional film critics use of two types of engagement devices, namely epistemic and opinion devices, to position their own claims towards other potential viewpoints. The study is also influenced by two previous claims: Holbrook’s claim that, in contrast to consumers who seem to prefer American-made, commercial films, expert critics usually appreciate complex cinematography and culturally diverse films; and Carretero’s claim that in professional film reviews opinion devices are an almost absent feature, since these tend to be replaced by epistemic devices. To further explore these claims, this comparative, corpus- based study focuses on the frequency of evaluation adjectives and engagement devices used by expert film critics for the positive or negative evaluation of two different films: the 2020 box office hit “Bad Boys for Life” and the 2018 art film “Cold War”. The study used a mixed-method design, first subjecting the realizations of Appreciation and Engagement to a quantitative analysis and following this with a qualitative discussion of results. The results indicate: a) that in the case of both films positive evaluations clearly surpass negative evaluations; however, individual examples seem to express a mildly deprecatory attitude towards commercial cinematography and b) that although the number of epistemic devices in the reviews clearly surpasses that of opinion devices, the frequencies of opinion devices is greater than that observed by Carretero.

Scholars have proposed that Jude and 2 Peter are literarily dependent. However, there is no definitive conclusion among scholars concerning which one is literarily dependent on the other. There are arguments for and against each of the literary dependency theories. It is difficult to define what is meant by literary dependency and how to measure it. By utilizing Lemke’s notion of intertextuality, this study examines the thematic formations, axiological stance, and rhetorical formations of Jude and 2 Peter. This study demonstrates that there are significant intertextual relations that can account for the similarities between these two texts. There is substantial evidence which suggests that their differences are significant. Jude and 2 Peter do not provide essential intertextual background information to understand each other. Through the analysis of other intertexts, this study reveals a significant number of intertexts, like the LXX, Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, and contemporary literature, that can account for the meaning formation of the two books. These texts can be considered as more significant intertexts for Jude and 2 Peter.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T14:39:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbezerradesouzamoreira.pdf: 780171 bytes, checksum: ea16d2f5829c9ac0f019172976a163b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-27T17:19:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbezerradesouzamoreira.pdf: 780171 bytes, checksum: ea16d2f5829c9ac0f019172976a163b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-27T17:36:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbezerradesouzamoreira.pdf: 780171 bytes, checksum: ea16d2f5829c9ac0f019172976a163b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T17:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbezerradesouzamoreira.pdf: 780171 bytes, checksum: ea16d2f5829c9ac0f019172976a163b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Este trabalho propõe investigar o estatuto filosófico da pessoa e dos direitos humanos, segundo a corrente filosófica do historicismo axiológico. Para tal, reunimos as principais obras do seu fundador, o jusfilósofo brasileiro Miguel Reale, com o intuito de relacionarmos suas compreensões com os representantes do criticismo transcendental, da fenomenologia, da antropologia filosófica e do direito. No historicismo axiológico, os valores emanam da pessoa, compondo o seu ser e possuindo uma tripla função: constitutiva, gnosiológica e prática. Constitutiva porque ao longo do devir histórico a pessoa se manifesta através da criação dos bens culturais, os quais possuem uma estrutura radicalmente axiológica. A função gnosiológica decorre de que o conhecer se torna valorar, a partir, sobretudo, da instauração da linguagem, que é um instrumento necessário para o acesso ao conhecimento. A função prática está relacionada às condutas éticas, pois os valores são compreendidos enquanto sentidos de agir, pautados pelo dever de respeito que incide nas relações intersubjetivas. O historicismo axiológico possui como método a dialética da implicação e da polaridade. Isto quer dizer que a correlação necessária entre os valores habita o ser mesmo do homem, sem que um termo se resolva no outro. A própria constituição dos valores é tensional, sendo que um valor só adquire plenamente seu significado em relação aos demais valores. Assim, ao longo do existir histórico, a pessoa constitui os valores, os quais expressam o mundo à sua imagem. Ao lado do mundo natural, o homem ergue um segundo mundo, que engloba o primeiro: é o mundo cultural, representado pela união entre ser e dever-ser. A unidade do mundo cultural é garantida pela própria pessoa, enquanto valor-fonte, de onde provêm os demais valores. Por ser fruto de longa maturação e ultrapassar seu próprio tempo histórico, os valores mais basilares superam as circunstâncias históricas e adquirem universalidade, por representar o espírito. Mais do que isso, estes valores fundamentais – que chamamos de invariantes axiológicas –, são condição de possibilidade da emergência dos outros valores, razão pela qual possuem uma inafastável dimensão transcendental, saindo do plano ôntico da história para o plano metafísico da conjetura. Quem diz história, diz inovação e abertura ao futuro. A liberdade radical do espírito exige que este se volte não só para a garantia dos bens já conquistados, mas garanta a possibilidade de se constituir novos bens valiosos. O direito, parte integrante da pessoa, requer esta análise axiológica de sua estrutura, para ser enxergado em sua integralidade. Os direitos humanos, neste sentido, se configurarão como a versão normativa das invariantes axiológicas. / In this research, we‟ll investigate the philosophical status of the person and the human rights, according to the axiological historicism theory. In this way, we gather the main works of its founder, the brazilian philosopher Miguel Reale. We‟ll relate his understandings with the transcendental criticism, the phenomenology, the philosophical antropology and the Law. For axiological historicism, the values come from the person, making up the essence of the self, having a triple role: constitutive, gnoseological and practical. The constitutive function is relationated with the fact that person builds the world creating cultural goods, composed by values. The gnoseological function derives from the finding that knowledge brings itself the question of values, principally through the introduction of language. The practical function is linked with ethical conducts, because values are understood as meanings of action, imposing a duty to respect to others. The axiological historicism uses the dialectical method of implication and polarity. So, there is a necessary relationship between opposites in the heart of person‟s concept, without a synthesis that suppresses them, but recognizes its complementarity, reflecting the structure of the value itself. Thus, the values are the person. Encompassing the world of nature there is the world of culture, which is formed by the values and the subjective meanings. It‟s the person that gives the unity required by the world of culture, becoming the source-value of it and of the other values. Of course values are understood in their historical contingency, but there is a kind of values enhanced and optimized in time, that become product of the spirit in its universality: we call them axiological constants. They‟re conditions of possibility of values‟ emergence, going beyond history and reaching the metaphysics‟ plane. When referring to history, we‟re referring to inovation and future. The spirit‟s radical freedom requires the guarantee of valious goods, but requires an open perspective to future too. In this sense, Law is an indispensable image of person, and has a strong axiological structure. Human rights, in this conception, are the normative version of the axiological constants.

v anglickém jazyce This thesis focuses on the analyses of the axiological modality of the group of emotional verbs in French. After defining the basic terms associated with the axiological modality and enumerating the means of its expression, the syntactically and semantically homogenous group of emotional verbs is specified (affectionner, aimer, chérir, adorer, idolâtrer, détester, haïr, abhorrer, exécrer) and then put to the quantitative analysis based on the corpora FRANTEXT, Araneum Francogallicum Maius and l'Est républicain. The following qualitative analysis is based on the parallel corpus InterCorp. On the basis of dictionary definitions and contrastive research, the axiological scale of the examined words is formed and then verified by the native speakers via questionnaires. In the end, the factors influencing the axiological value of the verb aimer are investigated.