Det sker en kontinuerlig digitalisering i världen vilket innebär en utmaning för samhällets lagstiftning, till följd av att lagstiftning är tids- och resurskrävande. Detta är något som kriminella utnyttjar i och med att deras verksamhet har flyttats alltmer till den digitala världen. Kriminell verksamhet som genomförs med hjälp av molntjänster har varit svårt att bekämpa, då det inte är säkert att den data som skapas i molntjänster också lagras i samma land. Arbetet att samla in denna data har för svenska myndigheter därför varit krångligt, och i vissa fall, omöjligt. Det var först i juni 2022 som en lag trädde i kraft, RB 28:10 genomsökning på distans, som gjorde det möjligt för utredare att gå in i molntjänster och leta efter bevismaterial.  I denna uppsats har semi-strukturerade intervjuermed IT-forensiker och åklagare genomförtsoch analyserats.Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av lagen är positiv; att den kom hastigt men att den var behövlig. Däremot har den skapat mer arbete för IT-forensiker som en konsekvens. Kompletterande har ett experiment av molndata tillhörande ett Google-konto undersökts med hjälp av två IT-forensiska verktyg, vilket resulterat i att en skillnad i verktygens identifiering av raderad data uppmärksammats. Slutligen påvisar uppsatsen och dess resultat att lagen,genomsökning på distans, och utvinning av molndata försett brottsbekämpningen med data av högt bevisvärde och möjliggjort utredningar som tidigare inte var möjligt enligt lag. / The constant digitalization of our world poses a challenge to our governments in developing laws correspondingly. This divergence is something cybercriminals exploit. Criminal activity taking place in the cyberspace, specifically through cloud platforms, has been difficult for law enforcement to regulate and prosecute, partially due to the information needed is kept in servers outside of jurisdiction. In Swedish law enforcement this has caused the acquisition of valuable cloud data, in some cases, impossible, consequently leading to unsolved cases. As of June 2022, a new law regarding means of coercion took effect which enabled the recovery of account specific cloud data. In this work semi-structured interviews, with IT-forensics and prosecutors, were conductedand analyzed. The result shows that the experience of the law is positive, that it came abruptlybut that it was necessary. However, it has created more work for IT-forensics as a consequence. In addition, an experiment involving cloud data belonging to a Google account has been investigated with the help of two IT-forensic tools, which resulted in the observation of a variation in the tools' identification of deleted data. Finally, the paper and its findings demonstrate that the law and cloud data mining have provided law enforcement with high probative value data and enabled investigations previously not lawfully possible.

Ever since the environment and nonhumanity became major ethical topics, human-centered worldviews have been blamed for all that is morally wrong about our dealings with nature. Those who consider themselves nonanthropocentrists typically assume that the West’s anthropocentric axiologies and ontologies underlie all of the environmental degradations associated with our species. On the other hand, a handful of environmental philosophers argue that anthropocentrism is perfectly acceptable as a foundation for environmental ethics. According to Bryan Norton’s convergence hypothesis, "If reasonably interpreted and translated into appropriate policies, a nonanthropocentric ethic will advocate the same [environmental] policies as a suitably broad and long-sighted anthropocentrism" (Norton 2004:11). Norton notes that although adherents to either ism may disagree about the relative importance of the various reasons they have for advocating such policies, they nevertheless share an equal commitment to protecting the environment. Because any form of anthropocentrism must fundamentally favor humanity over nonhumanity, nonanthropocentrists are nevertheless concerned that such favoritism is "nothing more than the expression of an irrational bias" (Taylor 1981:215). They reason that only a nonanthropocentric ethic can guarantee that policies do not arbitrarily favor humans when their interests conflict with those of nonhumans. I argue that critics of convergence fail to appreciate that Norton’s hypothesis is limited to ideologies that he deems "reasonable" and "suitably broad and long-sighted," or else they misapprehend what these terms imply. When it comes to ethics, nonanthropocentrists and anthropocentrists alike vary along a continuum according to whether their overriding intuitions are more aligned with individualistic or collectivistic axiologies and their associated timescales. The most unreasonable, narrow, and short-sighted ideologies are those that are the most individualistic. It is at the collective end of the continuum that Norton’s proposed convergence takes place. I defend a version of anthropocentrism that I term ecological anthropocentrism.

É bem conhecido o fato de que todo grupo compacto tem sequências não triviais convergentes. A existência de grupos enumeravelmente compactos sem sequências não triviais convergentes, foi provada usando axiomas adicionais à axiomática usual ZFC: A. Hajnal e I. Juhász sob CH, E. K. van Douwen sob MA, A. H. Tomita sob MA(sigma-centrada) e R.E. Madariaga-Garcia e A. H. Tomita usando ultrafiltros seletivos. Neste trabalho, estudaremos algumas construções recentes relacionadas com as citadas acima, usando o Axioma de Martin, ultrafiltros seletivos e forcing. Essas construções estão relacionadas com algumas questões indicadas por A.D. Wallace, E. van Douwen, M. Tkachenko, D. Dikranjan e D. Shakhmatov / It is well known that every compact group has non-trivial convergent sequences. The existence of countably compact groups without non-trivial convergent sequences was proved using extra set-theoretical assumptions: A. Hajnal and I. Juhasz under CH, E. K. van Douwen under MA, A.H.Tomita under MA(centered) and R.E.Madariaga-Garcia and A.H. Tomita using a selective ultrafilter. I n this work, we study some recent constructions related to the ones given above using Martin Axiom, selective ultrafilters and forcing, related to questions raised by A.D. Wallace, E. van Douwen, M. Tkacenko, D. Dikranjan and D. Shakhmatov.

É bem conhecido o fato de que todo grupo compacto tem sequências não triviais convergentes. A existência de grupos enumeravelmente compactos sem sequências não triviais convergentes, foi provada usando axiomas adicionais à axiomática usual ZFC: A. Hajnal e I. Juhász sob CH, E. K. van Douwen sob MA, A. H. Tomita sob MA(sigma-centrada) e R.E. Madariaga-Garcia e A. H. Tomita usando ultrafiltros seletivos. Neste trabalho, estudaremos algumas construções recentes relacionadas com as citadas acima, usando o Axioma de Martin, ultrafiltros seletivos e forcing. Essas construções estão relacionadas com algumas questões indicadas por A.D. Wallace, E. van Douwen, M. Tkachenko, D. Dikranjan e D. Shakhmatov / It is well known that every compact group has non-trivial convergent sequences. The existence of countably compact groups without non-trivial convergent sequences was proved using extra set-theoretical assumptions: A. Hajnal and I. Juhasz under CH, E. K. van Douwen under MA, A.H.Tomita under MA(centered) and R.E.Madariaga-Garcia and A.H. Tomita using a selective ultrafilter. I n this work, we study some recent constructions related to the ones given above using Martin Axiom, selective ultrafilters and forcing, related to questions raised by A.D. Wallace, E. van Douwen, M. Tkacenko, D. Dikranjan and D. Shakhmatov.

Este trabalho é dividido em duas partes: Na primeira, apresentaremos três axiomas extras a ZFC referentes a ordens parciais, sendo eles: o Axioma de Martin (MA), o princípio diamante (\\diamond}) e a hipótese de Suslin (SH). Na segunda parte daremos algumas aplicações desses axiomas em teoria de conjuntos e em topologia geral. Começaremos falando sobre famílias dominantes e ilimitadas e observando que certas relações entre tais conceitos se diferem ao assumirmos apenas ZFC ou MA. Provaremos a independência da hipótese de Suslin, usando a independência de MA e de \\diamond. Apresentaremos três jogos topológicos: sendo eles o jogo de Choquet, o jogo de Rothberger e o jogo de Menger. O ganho na linguagem de jogos é deixar algo complicado com uma formulação mais simples. Analisaremos o produto de espaços que satisfazer a c.c.c. (countable chain condition) novamente sob a luz de ZFC ou MA. Construiremos um espaço compacto e Hausdor onde o conjunto dos naturais é denso e além disso, para toda função contínua com domínio N à valores num compacto, tal função admite uma extensão contínua para esse espaço. Finalmente, veremos quais condições um espaço precisa satisfazer para ser de Blumberg e uma tentativa de caracterizar tais espaços via jogos topológicos / This work is divided in two parts: At rst, we introduce three extra axioms to ZFC related to partial orders, namely: the Martin Axiom (MA), the Diamond Principle (\\diamond}) and the Suslin hypothesis (SH). In the second part we give some applications of these axioms in set theory and general topology. We start talking about dominant and unbounded families and that certain relations between these concepts dier if we assume only ZFC or MA. We prove the independence of Suslin hypothesis using the independece of MA and \\diamond. We present three topological games, the Choquet game, the Rothberger game and the Menger game. The gain in the games language is to say something dicult with a simpler formulation. We analyze the product of spaces c.c.c. (countable chain condition) under ZFC or MA. We construct a compact Hausdor space where the natural numbers are dense and, moreover, for any continuous function with domain N to a compact space, such a function admits a continuous extension. Finally, we will see what conditions a space has to satisfy to be Blumberg and, an attempt to characterize spaces via topological games

We prove that a torus transverse to an Axiom A vector field that does not exhibit sinks, sources or null homotopic periodic orbits on a closed irreducible 3-manifold is incompressible. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Provaremos que um toro transversal a um campo de vetores Axioma A que não exibe poço, fonte e órbita periódica homotópica a um ponto sobre uma variedade tridimensional, fechada, irredutível é incompressível.

Este trabalho é dividido em duas partes: Na primeira, apresentaremos três axiomas extras a ZFC referentes a ordens parciais, sendo eles: o Axioma de Martin (MA), o princípio diamante (\\diamond}) e a hipótese de Suslin (SH). Na segunda parte daremos algumas aplicações desses axiomas em teoria de conjuntos e em topologia geral. Começaremos falando sobre famílias dominantes e ilimitadas e observando que certas relações entre tais conceitos se diferem ao assumirmos apenas ZFC ou MA. Provaremos a independência da hipótese de Suslin, usando a independência de MA e de \\diamond. Apresentaremos três jogos topológicos: sendo eles o jogo de Choquet, o jogo de Rothberger e o jogo de Menger. O ganho na linguagem de jogos é deixar algo complicado com uma formulação mais simples. Analisaremos o produto de espaços que satisfazer a c.c.c. (countable chain condition) novamente sob a luz de ZFC ou MA. Construiremos um espaço compacto e Hausdor onde o conjunto dos naturais é denso e além disso, para toda função contínua com domínio N à valores num compacto, tal função admite uma extensão contínua para esse espaço. Finalmente, veremos quais condições um espaço precisa satisfazer para ser de Blumberg e uma tentativa de caracterizar tais espaços via jogos topológicos / This work is divided in two parts: At rst, we introduce three extra axioms to ZFC related to partial orders, namely: the Martin Axiom (MA), the Diamond Principle (\\diamond}) and the Suslin hypothesis (SH). In the second part we give some applications of these axioms in set theory and general topology. We start talking about dominant and unbounded families and that certain relations between these concepts dier if we assume only ZFC or MA. We prove the independence of Suslin hypothesis using the independece of MA and \\diamond. We present three topological games, the Choquet game, the Rothberger game and the Menger game. The gain in the games language is to say something dicult with a simpler formulation. We analyze the product of spaces c.c.c. (countable chain condition) under ZFC or MA. We construct a compact Hausdor space where the natural numbers are dense and, moreover, for any continuous function with domain N to a compact space, such a function admits a continuous extension. Finally, we will see what conditions a space has to satisfy to be Blumberg and, an attempt to characterize spaces via topological games

In dieser Arbeit möchte ich dem Wesen des Auswahlaxioms auf den Grund gehen und verstehen, inwieweit es problematisch sein könnte, es zu benutzen, aber auch wie nützlich es ist, dieses mächtige Instrument als Mathematiker zu besitzen.

This report aims to draw a comparison between two commercial mobile forensics and recovery tools, Magnet AXIOM and MOBILedit. A thorough look at previously done studies was helpful to know what aspects of the data extractions must be compared and which areas are the most important ones to focus upon. This work focuses on how the data extracted from one tool compares with another and provides comprehensive extraction based on different scenarios, circumstances, and aspects. Performances of both tools are compared based on various benchmarks and criteria. This study has helped establish that MOBILedit has been able to outperform Magnet AXIOM on more data extraction and recovery aspects. It is a comparatively better tool to get your hands on.

The growing popularity of instant messaging has led to the conception of several new applications over the span of the past decade. This has opened up an attack surface for cybercriminals to target susceptible app users. GroupMe is a free IM app widely used by students and so far, no comprehensive forensic analysis has been performed to aid forensic practitioners in recovering evidence from GroupMe on smartphones. This research performs a detailed analysis of the digital artifacts left by the app on Android and iOS devices. This was achieved by installing the app on two mobile phones (Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge and iPhone 6), and identifying each artifact created by performing a series of actions in the app ranging from sending texts, to sharing images and documents, along with their location. Using Cellebrite UFED and Magnet AXIOM, a significant number of artifacts were accurately recovered mainly from the “GroupMe.sqlite” and “GroupMe.sqlite-wal” databases. Out of the 335 artifacts populated on the iPhone, 317 were correctly recovered by both UFED and AXIOM, resulting in an accuracy of 94.62%. No GroupMe related artifacts could be recovered from the Android device. This was due to several physical imaging and rooting limitations imposed by the Samsung SM-935A model, which was used during the study.