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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Detecção de outlier como suporte para o controle estatístico do processo multivariado: um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor plástico.

Almeida Júnior, José de 29 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotalJoseAlmeida.pdf: 1891145 bytes, checksum: 15212c0ee3aea31416abaeb33cac710c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research project studied, aimed to apply a forward search algorithm to aid decision making in multivariate statistical process control in the manufacture of crates in a company of plastic products. Besides, the use of principal components analysis (PCA) and the Hotelling T square chart can summarize relevant information of this process. Thus, they were produced two results of considerable importance: the scores of the principal components and an adapted Hotelling T square chart, highlighting the relationship between the ten variables analyzed. The forward search algorithm detects discordant points of the data clustering rest that, when are too far away or have very different characteristics, are called outliers. The BACON algorithm was used for the detection of such occurrences, which part of a small subset demonstrably free of the original data outliers and it goes adding new information, which is not outliers, to this initial subset until no information can more be absorbed. One of the advantages of using this algorithm is that it combats the masking and swamping phenomena that alter the mean and covariance estimates. The research results showed that, for the dataset studied, the BACON algorithm did not detected no dissenting point. A simulation was then developed, using a uniform distribution by obtaining random numbers within a range for modifying the mean and standard deviation values, in order to show that this method is effective in detecting these outliers. For this simulation, they were randomly changed 5% of the mean and the standard deviation values of the original data. The result of this simulation showed that the BACON algorithm is perfectly applicable to this case study, being indicated its use in other processes that simultaneously depend on several variables. / O projeto de pesquisa estudado teve o objetivo de aplicar um algoritmo de busca sucessiva para o auxílio à tomada de decisão no controle estatístico do processo multivariado, na fabricação de garrafeiras em uma empresa de produtos plásticos. Além disso, a utilização das técnicas de análise de componentes principais (ACP) e da carta T² de Hotelling pode sumarizar parte das informações relevantes desse processo. Produziram-se então dois resultados de considerável importância: os escores dos componentes principais e um gráfico T² de Hotelling adaptado, evidenciando a relação entre as dez variáveis analisadas. O algoritmo de busca sucessiva detecta pontos discordantes do restante do agrupamento de dados que, quando se encontram muito distantes ou têm características muito diferentes, são denominados outliers. O algoritmo BACON foi utilizado para a detecção de tais ocorrências, o qual parte de um pequeno subconjunto, comprovadamente livre de outliers, dos dados originais e vai adicionando novas informações, que também não são outliers, a esse subconjunto inicial até que nenhuma informação possa mais ser absorvida. Uma das vantagens da utilização desse algoritmo é que ele combate os fenômenos do mascaramento e do esmagamento que alteram as estimativas da média e da covariância. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que, para a o conjunto de dados estudados, o algoritmo BACON não detectou nenhum ponto discordante. Uma simulação foi então desenvolvida, utilizando uma distribuição uniforme através da obtenção de números aleatórios dentro de um intervalo para a modificação dos valores da média e do desvio-padrão, a fim de mostrar que tal método é eficaz na detecção desses pontos aberrantes. Para essa simulação, foram alterados aleatoriamente os valores da média e do desvio-padrão de 5% dos dados originais. O resultado dessa simulação mostrou que o algoritmo BACON é perfeitamente aplicável ao caso estudado, sendo indicada a sua utilização em outros processos produtivos que dependam simultaneamente de diversas variáveis.
92

Gifts of fire: an historical analysis of the Promethean myth for the the light it casts on the philosophical philanthropy of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato; and prolegomena to consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche

Sulek, Marty James John 19 March 2012 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The history of Western civilisation is generally demarcated into three broad epochs: ancient, Christian and modern. These eras are usually defined in political terms, but they may also be differentiated in terms of fundamental differences in the nature of the organisations that constitute civil society in each age, how they defined the public good, and even what they consider philanthropic. In the nineteenth century, for instance, 'Scientific philanthropy' displaced 'Christian charity' as the dominant model for charitable giving; a development accompanied by a number of other secularising trends in Western civil society, generally understood as a broad cultural shift in conceptions of public good, from religious to scientific. From the fourth to the sixth century CE, by comparison, another broad cultural shift, from paganism to Christianity, also led to fundamental changes in the nature and composition of ancient civil society. A central premise of this dissertation is that fundamental historical transformations in Western civilisation – from pagan to Christian, to modern, to post-modern – may be traced to the influence of some of the most important philosophers in the Western philosophical tradition, among them: Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Francis Bacon and Friedrich Nietzsche. Each of these philosophers may be seen to have promulgated their teachings in a consciously Promethean manner; as gifts of fire, understood as philosophical teachings intended to be promulgated for the wider benefit of humankind. In Greek myth, Prometheus, whose name is traditionally thought to have literally meant 'forethought', is the one who steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans. Prometheus is also the first figure in history to be described as "philanthropic" (Prometheus Bound, 11 & 28). Plato, Bacon and Nietzsche all employ significant variants of the Promethean mũthos in their philosophical works, and may be seen to personally identify with the figure of Prometheus, as an allegorical figure depicting the situation of the wise, particularly in relation to political power. This dissertation thus closely analyses the Promethean mũthos in order to cast light on the philosophical philanthrôpía and Promethean ambitions of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato, and to provide the basis for consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche.
93

Caracterização, fracionamento e aproveitamento da gordura abdominal de frango. / Characterization, fractionation and utilization of the abdominal chicken fat.

Chiu, Chih Ming 05 November 2001 (has links)
A gordura abdominal de frango é um subproduto ou resíduo avícola que apresenta grande potencial de utilização na indústria de alimentos, uma vez que possui rica composição lipídica, elevado teor energético, baixo custo e propriedades físico-químicas desejáveis. Nesta pesquisa, a gordura abdominal de frango, obtida no comércio local, foi submetida à fusão e à filtração. A seguir, sofreu fracionamento a seco e mistura com gordura de toucinho. O processo de fracionamento foi realizado a duas temperaturas: 17,5ºC e 20ºC. As análises realizadas na gordura original e nas frações obtidas (oleína e estearina) foram ponto de fusão, consistência, conteúdo de gordura sólida, composição em ácidos graxos e índices de iodo e de saponificação. De acordo com os resultados observou-se que a gordura de frango apresentou 67,2% de ácidos graxos insaturados. A gordura de frango à temperatura de 10ºC apresentou-se plástica e espalhável. Foi obtida relação linear entre a consistência e o conteúdo de gordura sólida. O alto rendimento das oleínas (>84%) sugere a possibilidade de aplicação destas frações como óleo para frituras. As estearinas podem ser utilizadas como componentes na fabricação de gorduras, para aplicação em pastelaria, margarinas para massa folhada e caldos desidratados. Foram realizadas misturas binárias entre as estearinas e a gordura de toucinho e entre a gordura de frango e a gordura de toucinho. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição em ácidos graxos, consistência às temperaturas de 10 a 25ºC e quanto ao conteúdo de gordura sólida às temperaturas de 10 a 35ºC. Utilizou-se o analisador de textura TA-XT2 (Stable Micro Systems) e o espectrômetro de ressonância magnética nuclear Maran Ultra Benchtop de 20 MHz para as análises de consistência e de conteúdo de gordura sólida, respectivamente. Foi aplicado um modelo de regressão múltipla do tipo quadrático. Os resultados para a consistência demonstraram que ocorreu o efeito eutético entre as estearinas obtidas no fracionamento da gordura de frango e a gordura de toucinho. Por outro lado, nas misturas entre gordura de frango e gordura de toucinho ocorreu a formação de compostos. Os resultados para o conteúdo de gordura sólida demonstraram que ocorreram os efeitos eutético e de formação de compostos entre as misturas. Nas misturas binárias de gordura abdominal de frango com gordura de toucinho foram determinadas as propriedades de tensão, firmeza e energia de penetração às temperaturas de 10, 15 e 20ºC. Foram verificadas as interações entre estas gorduras. O aumento da temperatura de análise causou diminuição dos valores de firmeza e de energia necessária para a penetração, em função da redução do conteúdo de gordura sólida e alterações na rede cristalina. Por aplicação de um modelo de regressão múltipla do tipo quadrático, verificou-se que, nas misturas entre gordura de frango e gordura de toucinho, ocorreu o efeito sinérgico da formação de compostos. Análises da distribuição estereoespecífica dos ácidos graxos foram realizadas na gordura abdominal de frango e suas frações, e na gordura de toucinho. As amostras foram submetidas à hidrólise com lipase pancreática suína a temperatura de 40°C e posteriormente analisadas quanto à composição em ácidos graxos na posição sn-2 por cromatografia gasosa. A partir dos resultados obtidos foram calculados os grupos de triacilgliceróis nas amostras naturais e em suas frações, utilizando a teoria 1,3-random 2-random. Os resultados demonstraram que houve preferência do ácido oléico pela posição sn-2 para a gordura de frango e suas oleínas. Para a gordura de toucinho, o ácido palmítico mostrou alta preferência pela posição sn-2. Para as estearinas da gordura de frango, também houve preferência do ácido palmítico pela posição central do glicerol. / Abdominal chicken fat from the local commerce was melted, filtered, dry fractionated, and blended with bacon fat. Fractionation process was made at 17,5ºC and 20C. Physical and chemical properties such as melting point, consistency, solid fat content, fatty acid composition, iodine and saponification values of the products from the abdominal chicken fat fractionation were determined. Results showed that chicken fat has 67.2% of unsaturated fatty acids. Chicken fat at 10ºC was plastic and spreadable. A linear relationship between consistency and solid fat content was obtained. High oleins yield (>84%) suggest that these fractions can be used as frying oils. Stearins can be applied as components in the fat manufacturing, in pastry, in puff-pastry margarines and dehidrated soup cubes. Binary mixtures between stearins and bacon fat, and chicken fat with bacon fat were made. The samples were analyzed for the fatty acid composition, consistency at the temperatures of 10 to 25C, and solid fat content at 10 to 35ºC. The texture analyzer TA-XT2 (Stable Micro Systems) and the magnetic nuclear resonance espectrometer Maran Ultra Benchtop with 20 MHz were utilized, respectively. A mathematical model of multiple regression of the quadratic type was applied. The consistency results showed that the eutectic effect was observed between the binary mixtures of stearins and bacon fat. On the other hand, mixtures between abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat showed compound formation. The solid fat content results showed that the eutectic effect and compound formation were observed. The properties of stress, firmness, and penetration energy of binary mixtures of abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat, at 10, 15 and 20ºC. The increase of the analysis temperature leads reduction on the values of firmness and penetration energy, as a function of the reduction of solid fat content and the alteration on the crystal network. The results of mixtures between abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat showed a synergic effect of compounds formation. Stereospecific distribution analysis in chicken fat and its fractions, and in bacon fat were realized. The samples were hydrolyzed with swine pancreatic lipase at 40°C and then analyzed for the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. From the experimental results, the groups of triacylglycerols in the natural samples and its fractions were calculated. The 1,3-random 2-random theory was utilized. The results showed that oleic acid was mainly esterified to the sn-2 position for abdominal chicken fat and oleins whereas palmitic acid was mainly distributed at this same position for bacon fat. In the case of chicken fat stearins the preference by sn-2 position was also to palmitic acid.
94

Caracterização, fracionamento e aproveitamento da gordura abdominal de frango. / Characterization, fractionation and utilization of the abdominal chicken fat.

Chih Ming Chiu 05 November 2001 (has links)
A gordura abdominal de frango é um subproduto ou resíduo avícola que apresenta grande potencial de utilização na indústria de alimentos, uma vez que possui rica composição lipídica, elevado teor energético, baixo custo e propriedades físico-químicas desejáveis. Nesta pesquisa, a gordura abdominal de frango, obtida no comércio local, foi submetida à fusão e à filtração. A seguir, sofreu fracionamento a seco e mistura com gordura de toucinho. O processo de fracionamento foi realizado a duas temperaturas: 17,5ºC e 20ºC. As análises realizadas na gordura original e nas frações obtidas (oleína e estearina) foram ponto de fusão, consistência, conteúdo de gordura sólida, composição em ácidos graxos e índices de iodo e de saponificação. De acordo com os resultados observou-se que a gordura de frango apresentou 67,2% de ácidos graxos insaturados. A gordura de frango à temperatura de 10ºC apresentou-se plástica e espalhável. Foi obtida relação linear entre a consistência e o conteúdo de gordura sólida. O alto rendimento das oleínas (>84%) sugere a possibilidade de aplicação destas frações como óleo para frituras. As estearinas podem ser utilizadas como componentes na fabricação de gorduras, para aplicação em pastelaria, margarinas para massa folhada e caldos desidratados. Foram realizadas misturas binárias entre as estearinas e a gordura de toucinho e entre a gordura de frango e a gordura de toucinho. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição em ácidos graxos, consistência às temperaturas de 10 a 25ºC e quanto ao conteúdo de gordura sólida às temperaturas de 10 a 35ºC. Utilizou-se o analisador de textura TA-XT2 (Stable Micro Systems) e o espectrômetro de ressonância magnética nuclear Maran Ultra Benchtop de 20 MHz para as análises de consistência e de conteúdo de gordura sólida, respectivamente. Foi aplicado um modelo de regressão múltipla do tipo quadrático. Os resultados para a consistência demonstraram que ocorreu o efeito eutético entre as estearinas obtidas no fracionamento da gordura de frango e a gordura de toucinho. Por outro lado, nas misturas entre gordura de frango e gordura de toucinho ocorreu a formação de compostos. Os resultados para o conteúdo de gordura sólida demonstraram que ocorreram os efeitos eutético e de formação de compostos entre as misturas. Nas misturas binárias de gordura abdominal de frango com gordura de toucinho foram determinadas as propriedades de tensão, firmeza e energia de penetração às temperaturas de 10, 15 e 20ºC. Foram verificadas as interações entre estas gorduras. O aumento da temperatura de análise causou diminuição dos valores de firmeza e de energia necessária para a penetração, em função da redução do conteúdo de gordura sólida e alterações na rede cristalina. Por aplicação de um modelo de regressão múltipla do tipo quadrático, verificou-se que, nas misturas entre gordura de frango e gordura de toucinho, ocorreu o efeito sinérgico da formação de compostos. Análises da distribuição estereoespecífica dos ácidos graxos foram realizadas na gordura abdominal de frango e suas frações, e na gordura de toucinho. As amostras foram submetidas à hidrólise com lipase pancreática suína a temperatura de 40°C e posteriormente analisadas quanto à composição em ácidos graxos na posição sn-2 por cromatografia gasosa. A partir dos resultados obtidos foram calculados os grupos de triacilgliceróis nas amostras naturais e em suas frações, utilizando a teoria 1,3-random 2-random. Os resultados demonstraram que houve preferência do ácido oléico pela posição sn-2 para a gordura de frango e suas oleínas. Para a gordura de toucinho, o ácido palmítico mostrou alta preferência pela posição sn-2. Para as estearinas da gordura de frango, também houve preferência do ácido palmítico pela posição central do glicerol. / Abdominal chicken fat from the local commerce was melted, filtered, dry fractionated, and blended with bacon fat. Fractionation process was made at 17,5ºC and 20C. Physical and chemical properties such as melting point, consistency, solid fat content, fatty acid composition, iodine and saponification values of the products from the abdominal chicken fat fractionation were determined. Results showed that chicken fat has 67.2% of unsaturated fatty acids. Chicken fat at 10ºC was plastic and spreadable. A linear relationship between consistency and solid fat content was obtained. High oleins yield (>84%) suggest that these fractions can be used as frying oils. Stearins can be applied as components in the fat manufacturing, in pastry, in puff-pastry margarines and dehidrated soup cubes. Binary mixtures between stearins and bacon fat, and chicken fat with bacon fat were made. The samples were analyzed for the fatty acid composition, consistency at the temperatures of 10 to 25C, and solid fat content at 10 to 35ºC. The texture analyzer TA-XT2 (Stable Micro Systems) and the magnetic nuclear resonance espectrometer Maran Ultra Benchtop with 20 MHz were utilized, respectively. A mathematical model of multiple regression of the quadratic type was applied. The consistency results showed that the eutectic effect was observed between the binary mixtures of stearins and bacon fat. On the other hand, mixtures between abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat showed compound formation. The solid fat content results showed that the eutectic effect and compound formation were observed. The properties of stress, firmness, and penetration energy of binary mixtures of abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat, at 10, 15 and 20ºC. The increase of the analysis temperature leads reduction on the values of firmness and penetration energy, as a function of the reduction of solid fat content and the alteration on the crystal network. The results of mixtures between abdominal chicken fat and bacon fat showed a synergic effect of compounds formation. Stereospecific distribution analysis in chicken fat and its fractions, and in bacon fat were realized. The samples were hydrolyzed with swine pancreatic lipase at 40°C and then analyzed for the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. From the experimental results, the groups of triacylglycerols in the natural samples and its fractions were calculated. The 1,3-random 2-random theory was utilized. The results showed that oleic acid was mainly esterified to the sn-2 position for abdominal chicken fat and oleins whereas palmitic acid was mainly distributed at this same position for bacon fat. In the case of chicken fat stearins the preference by sn-2 position was also to palmitic acid.
95

Francis Bacon e a nova indução: reforma do entendimento e restauração do homem / Francis Bacon: reform of understanding and restauration of humankind

Motta, Carlos Jacinto Nascimento 23 October 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Jacinto Nascimento Motta.pdf: 1413752 bytes, checksum: 466d45d754b40761f382c04cc0cb65a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / The PhD. thesis here offered has as its aim the presentation of the Baconian conception of induction, understood as an essential element for the realization of Francis Bacon s project of a Restauration of by means of a reform of learning and sciences. In his most important and influente work, the Instauratio Magna, Bacon highlights the need for a wide survey of both the knowledge and sciences already established in order to know which of these should be abandoned, which perfected and which still are in need of implementation. Once this is achieved, and with due governamental support, a new scientifical era was supposed to begin and many advancements would also be achieved by Humankind. Notwithstanding, as Bacon points out, the reformation of sciences demands a change in the proceedings used by the investigator, which, in turn, results in a reformulation of both the idea of experience and the pattern of inference. It also indicates that the new scientifical era demands the establishment of investigative communities instead of isolated researchers, so that common mistakes to human nature should be avoided. This change, however, could only be realized in a mind duly cleansed of prejudices caused by both the philosophical tradition and by the natural characteristics of Humankind. The first were supposed to be corrected by means of the purging of idols, i.e. false notions which inhabit our mind and are imposed by culture; the latter, being these the greatest impediments on account of having to do with human nature itself, would be corrected by means of three different modalities of help, which combined form the novum organum (the new induction) or the new pattern of Bacon s scientific inference. This new induction must be understood in the contexto of the need for reformulations which promote the necessary aid to the investigator, being the histories the aids to the senses, the tables of presentation of instances the aids to memory and the new induction (Novum Organum) the aid to reason. Thus, we understand that the best interpretative key as regards the Baconian epistemology is the proposal of a reform of human understanding, and not merely the reformation of the logic used in investigations. Such reform would possibilitate the emergence of a new man, gifted with new logical tools and which would cooperate with other researchers towards the aim of assembling a type of inferential device, a collective investigative machine / A tese de doutorado aqui apresentada tem por objetivo apresentar a concepção baconiana de indução entendida como elemento essencial para a efetivação do projeto de Francis Bacon de uma Restauração da humanidade por meio da reforma do conhecimento e das ciências. Em sua mais significativa e influente obra, a Instauratio Magna, Bacon estabelece a necessidade de uma ampla avaliação dos saberes e ciências já constituídos a fim de saber quais devem ser abandonados, quais aprimorados e quais ainda necessitam implantação. De posse desse inventário, e com o devido apoio governamental, uma nova era científica teria início e muitos avanços seriam alcançados pela humanidade. Contudo, observa Bacon, a reforma das ciências exige uma alteração dos procedimentos adotados pelo investigador, o que leva a uma reformulação da ideia de experiência e do padrão de inferência utilizados. Também indica que a nova era científica exige que sejam constituídas comunidades investigativas, em lugar dos pesquisadores, a fim de se evitarem os erros comuns à natureza humana. Mas, isso somente poderia ser efetivado em uma mente devidamente purificada dos prejuízos causados pela tradição filosófica e pelas características naturais do homem. Os primeiros seriam corrigidos por meio da eliminação dos Ídolos, as falsas noções que habitam nossa mente impostas pela cultura. As segundas, os maiores impedimentos por se tratarem da própria natureza humana, seriam corrigidos por meio de três diferentes modalidades de ajuda, que juntas formam o novum organum (ou nova indução), o novo padrão de inferência científica de Bacon. Esta nova indução deve ser entendida no contexto da necessidade de reformas que promovam os auxílios necessários ao investigador, sendo as histórias os auxílios aos sentidos, as tábuas de organização das instâncias os auxílios à memória e a nova indução (ou novum organum) o auxílio à razão. Assim, nosso entendimento é que a melhor chave interpretativa para a epistemologia baconiana é a proposta de uma reforma do entendimento humano, não meramente a reforma da lógica utilizada nas investigações, da qual emergiriam um outro homem, dotado de novas ferramentas lógicas, trabalhando em cooperação, formando uma espécie de dispositivo inferencial, ou uma máquina investigativa coletiva
96

Becoming-Dionysian : art, exploration and the human condition in the works of Rimbaud, Burroughs and Bacon / Brodie Beales.

Beales, Brodie Jane January 2005 (has links)
Bibliography: p. 313-324. / xii, 324 p., [31] leaves of plates : col. ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2005
97

The problem of the Sarecen infidel : crusade proponents and critics from Bacon to Piloti

Wheeler, L. (Linda), 1953- January 1981 (has links)
No description available.
98

Development of value added ostrich (Struthio Camelus) meat products

Schutte, Sumari 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to investigate the effect of the replacement of pork fat with olive oil on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich polony; (ii) to investigate the effect of replacement of sodium tri-polyphosphate (STPP) with iota-carrageenan (CGN) on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of restructured cooked ostrich ham; and (iii) to investigate the effect of salt (NaCl) reduction on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich bacon. Five levels of olive oil were added to a polony formulation in 5% increments from 0 to 20%. Hardness, gumminess and shear force values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil. The L* and b* values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil producing lighter and more yellow products. Ostrich polony proved to have a favourable fatty acid profile in line with international recommended standards. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of olive oil on had an effect (P≤0.05) on the sensory characteristics of colour; processed meat aroma and flavour; ostrich aroma; olive oil aroma; firmness and juiciness. A consumer panel found all the olive oil treatments to be acceptable. It can be concluded that olive oil can be used successfully for the production of low fat ostrich meat polony. In a restructured ostrich ham five decreasing levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) were substituted with five increasing levels of carrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). The cooked yield of the restructured ostrich ham decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with decreased levels of phosphate. No tendencies in instrumental colour measurements with relation to decreased levels of phosphate were revealed. Hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess increased with decreased levels of phosphate. Ostrich ham had a favourable fatty acid profile and the latter is in line with international recommended standards. The trained sensory panel found that decreased levels of phosphate had a significant effect on the ham sensory characteristics of meat aroma and flavour; ostrich meat aroma and flavour and mealiness, but no significant effect on the spicy aroma and flavour. Three ham treatments with different levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) were presented to a consumer panel. The consumer panel found the ham treatments with levels of 0.7 and 0.35% most acceptable. Carrageenan can be used to substitute phosphate at a level of 0.35% phosphate and 0.2% carrageenan in ostrich ham. Ostrich bacon was produces with five targeted salt (NaCl) levels of 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25, and 0.5%. Decreased salt levels had no significant effect on the L*, a* and b* values of the five treatments. Ostrich bacon had a favourible fatty acid profile. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of salt had a significant effect on bacon sensory characteristics of ostrich aroma and flavour smoky bacon aroma and flavour and saltiness. A consumer panel found all the bacon treatments acceptable, with 2.75 and 2.0% being most likable. It can be concluded that, from a technical point of view, the salt content in ostrich bacon can be reduced successfully to produce ostrich bacon with low salt levels, although consumer preference for salt remains high. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was drievoudig: (i) om die effek van die vervanging van varkvet met olyfolie op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruispolonie te bestudeer; (ii) om die effek van die vervanging van natriumtripolifosfaat met iotakarrageenan op die fisikochemiese en sonsoriese eienskappe op die van hergestruktureerde volstruisham te bestudeer; en (iii) om die effek van sout (NaCl) vermindering op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisspek te bestudeer. Die polonie behandelings het uit vyf vlakke olyfolie bestaan wat by die polonie formulasie in 5% inkremente 0% tot 20% gevoeg is. Hardheid, taaiheid en skeurkrag het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie. Die L*- en b*-waardes het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie en uiteibdelik ‘n ligter en geler produk geproduseer. Die betrokke volstruispolonie behandelings het ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie ‘n betekenisvolle (P≤0.05) effek het op die kleur, geprossesseerde vleisgeur en -aroma, volstruis aroma, olyfolie aroma, fermheid en sappigheid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al vyf polonie behandelings aanvaarbaar is. Olyfolie kan dus suksesvol gebruik word in die produksie van laevet volstruispolonie. Hergestruktureerde volstruisham het bestaan uit vyf afnemende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) en vyf toenemende vlakke van karrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Die opbrengs van gaar hergestruktureerde volstruisham het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verlaagde vlakke van fosfaat. Geen betekenisvolle patroon is in instrumentele kleurmeting gevind nie. Hardheid, binding en taaiheid het toegeneem met afnemende fosfaat vlakke. Daar is bewys dat volstruisham ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel het wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde het. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat afnemende fosfaatvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek op die sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisvleis geur en aroma asook melerigheid, maar geen betekenisvolle effek op die speserygeur en -aroma gehad nie. Drie behandelings met verskillende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) is deur ‘n verbruikerspaneel vir aanvaaraarheid getoets. Die verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat die behandelings met 0.7 en 0.35% fosfaat aanvaarbaar was. Karrageenan kan dus gebruik word om fosfaat te vervang by ‘n vlak van 0.35% fosfaat en 0.2% karrageenan in volstruisham. Volstruisspek is geproduseet met vyf soutvlakke (NaCl), nl 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25 en 0.5%. Verlaagde soutvlakke het geen beteknisvolle effek op die L*-, a*- en b*-waardes van die vyf behandelings gehad nie. Volstruisspek het ook ‘n besonder gunstige vetsuurprofiel. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die effek van verhoogde soutvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek het op die volgende sensoriese eienskappe: geur en aroma van volstruisvleis; geur en aroma van gerookte spek; en southeid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al die behandelings aanvaarbaar was, met die monsters met 2.75 and 2.0% sout as mees aanvaarbaar. In opsomming, die soutinhoud van volstruisspek kan uit ‘n tegniese oogpunt suksesvol verlaag word om ‘n produk met ‘n laer soutinhoud te produseer, alhoewel verbruikersvoorkeur vir sout hoog bly.
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Adventisté sedmého dne mezi modernou a postmodernou / Seventh-Day Adventists between modernism and postmodernism

JETELINA, Bedřich January 2012 (has links)
This work reflects on how the Seventh-day Adventist Church meets the challenges of postmodernism, despite itself having its roots deep in the modern era. The first part deals with the origin of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and the development of its dogma. It primarily focuses on the Thomas Reid?s philosophy of common sense and describes the Adventist statements of dogma that are typical of this church and were influenced by the philosophy of common sense. The second part analyses how this church deals with the challenges of the postmodern era. It describes the current categorisation of Adventist theology on the basis of the differing macro-hermeneutic of the individual streams that depend on how they view the relationship between God and time. It also indicates the practical impacts that these various approaches to church praxis lead to. The aim of this work is to be as objective as possible in describing the current situation and show the potential risks and solutions that the church and its members face. In the author?s opinion, an adequate response to the problems of Adventism in the postmodern era can be found in shifting the emphasis to a general Christian perspective and in redefining specifically Adventist teachings.
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Máquinas, gênios e homens na construção do conhecimento = uma interpretação heurística do método indutivo de Francis Bacon / Machines, geniuses and men in the construction of knowledge: : an heuristic interpretation of Francis Bacon's inductive method

Menna, Sergio Hugo 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: José Carlos Pinto de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T06:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menna_SergioHugo_D.pdf: 2716382 bytes, checksum: 6142783b3c83d2ad782502cfe287dbb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A historiografia contemporânea da metodologia herdou vários 'enigmas' a serem resolvidos sobre as ideias e contribuições de Francis Bacon. Qual é a estrutura do seu método de indução, qual é a natureza de sua 'lógica da descoberta', qual o valor que ele concedeu às hipóteses e conjeturas na investigação científica, qual o papel de Bacon na história da metodologia, qual sua dívida com seus predecessores, qual a influência que exerceu sobre os pensadores que o sucederam etc. Na presente Tese farei uso de estudos históricos e críticos contemporâneos a fim de analisar a obra metodológica de Bacon e determinar a influência das 'artes' heurísticas antigas e medievais no seu método indutivo. Em particular, tentarei mostrar que ainda que Bacon tenha ampliado o 'poder criativo' das 'artes' da invenção, e tenha estendido seu raio de aplicação ao domínio científico, não as formalizou nem substituiu o caráter falível das mesmas. Também, e destacando o importante papel criativo concedido por Bacon e outros autores da Modernidade a 'virtudes' ou 'desiderata' como, por exemplo, a analogia ou a simplicidade, argumentarei contra as principais interpretações rivais existentes sobre a estrutura e dinâmica do método baconiano. Especificamente, me situarei em oposição à interpretação 'geracionista mecânica' -que afirma que o método de Bacon funciona como uma máquina que produz teorias de forma automática- e à interpretação 'hipotetista' -que entende que o método de Bacon funciona só no processo de avaliação de teorias, deixando a tarefa de descoberta ao gênio criativo. Tentarei defender que Bacon esteve particularmente interessado em fornecer heurísticas -isto é, guias ou máximas criativas e avaliativas- para que os homens, trabalhando metodologicamente, e reunidos em comunidades de pesquisa, pudessem construir hipóteses científicas de qualidade. Esta argumentação supõe fazer observações sobre a natureza das regras no século XVII, sobre as relações entre experiência e teoria, e introduzir precisões dentro do domínio das inferências ampliativas, além de esclarecer a posição de Bacon com relação a termos chaves como 'verdade', 'hipótese' e 'conhecimento'. Por último, com esta concepção heurística da indução baconiana, examinarei as interpretações clássicas sobre o papel desempenhado por Bacon na Revolução científica e sua importância na difusão da ideia de progresso. Esta interpretação da herança e da metodologia de Bacon, e de sua recepção e influência em autores posteriores, tal como defenderei, permite compreender e avaliar melhor o significado desse autor para o pensamento científico da Modernidade, e possibilita reavaliar de maneira mais adequada as categorias estabelecidas para a metodologia da descoberta de Bacon por alguns de seus críticos passados e contemporâneos / Abstract: The contemporary historiography of methodology inherited various 'puzzles' to be solved about the ideas and contributions of Francis Bacon, such as: What is the structure of his method of induction?; what is the nature of his 'logic of discovery'?; what value did he attach to hypotheses and conjectures in scientific research?; what is the role of Bacon in the history of methodology?; what are his debts to his predecessors?; what is the influence he had upon the thinkers that followed him? and so on. In this thesis I will make use of contemporary historical and critical studies in order to analyze the methodological work of Bacon and the influence of the ancient and medieval heuristic 'arts' on his inductive method. In particular, I will try to show that although Bacon extended the 'creative power' of the 'arts' of invention, and extended their scope of application to the scientific field, he did not formalize nor replace the fallible nature of them. Also, by highlighting the importance of the creative role given by Bacon and other authors of Modernity to 'virtues' or 'desiderata' as, for example, analogy or simplicity, I will argue against major rival interpretations that exist on the structure and dynamics of the Baconian method. Specifically, I will situate my position in opposition to the 'mechanical-generative' interpretation -which claims that Bacon's method works like a machine that produces theories automatically-, and the 'hypothetist' interpretation -which holds that Bacon's method works only in the process of evaluating theories, leaving the task of discovering to the creative genius. I will try to argue that Bacon was particularly interested in providing heuristics -in other words, creative and evaluative guides or principles- so that men, working methodically, could build high-quality scientific hypotheses. This argumentation presupposes the need to make remarks on the nature of rules in the seventeenth century, on the relationship between experience and theory, and also presupposes the provision of more details within the domain of the ampliative inferences, besides clarifying the position in the light of key terms used by Bacon, such as 'truth', 'hypothesis' and 'knowledge'. Finally, on the basis of this heuristic conception of Baconian induction, I will examine the classic interpretations of the role played by Bacon in the Scientific Revolution and his importance in spreading the idea of progress. This interpretation of Bacon's heritage and methodology, and Bacon, and their reception by, and influence on later writers, I will set out to argue, allows us to understand and evaluate in the best way the significance of this author for the scientific thought of Modernity, and enables us, in the most appropriate way, to reassess the categories established for Bacon's methodology of discovery by some of his critics, both past and contemporary / Doutorado / Epistemologia / Doutor em Filosofia

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