Esta dissertação analisou como se deu o filosofar na arte das crianças surdas e na busca por práticas estéticas visuais no processo da construção deste filosofar. Para isto, foram realizadas entrevistas (individuais e coletivas) com 10 sujeitos surdos de uma escola municipal de surdos de Gravataí no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram apresentadas algumas pinturas dos artistas Da Vinci, Picasso, Portinari e Baird (artista surdo). O objetivo foi o de provocar uma reflexão destes sujeitos, a partir de experiências estéticas, no sentido de que cada um pudesse expressar seus saberes, praticar a vivência do olhar, trazendo suas hipóteses e compreensões sobre as pinturas, observando como estas experiências podiam colaborar para a construção dos filosofares na arte dos sujeitos surdos. Os principais pressupostos teóricos foram os estudos de Michael J. Parsons sobre os níveis estéticos de compreensão da arte, que foram tabulados e sistematizados para uma melhor análise qualitativa dos dados, proposta metodológica optada para a pesquisa. Marly Meira e Walter Kohan perpassam a pesquisa como os alicerces da criação filosófica e o pensar sobre o pensar. Destaco também os estudos de Duarte para a educação do sensível e de Pillar na educação para o olhar. Pôde-se constatar que houve uma notável relação entre as experiências estéticas e os diálogos com a possibilidade de novas compreensões sobre arte e com a criação de novos pensares filosóficos. / This study analyzed the development of the capacity of philosophize in the deaf children art and in search for visual aesthetics practice in the process of constructing this capacity. For this, 10 deaf research subjects were interviewed (individually and collectively) in a municipal deaf school in Gravataí in Rio Grande do Sul state, were they were presented to some pictures from Da Vinci, Picasso and Baird (deaf artists). The goal was to stimulate these subjects to reflect, from aesthetics experiences, in a way of expressing their knowledge and of practicing view experience, bringing their hypothesis and understandings about the pictures and observing how these experiences could contribute to construct the capacity of philosophize in the deaf subject art. The main theoretical support was the Michael J. Parsons’ studies about the aesthetics levels of art understandings which were tabulated and systemized to better qualitative analyses of data. This methodological proposal has been adopted for us in this research. Marly Meira and Walter Kohan’s studies pass through our research as the basis of the philosophical creation and the thinking about the thinking. I would also emphasize the Duarte’s studies in sensitive education and the Pillar’s studies of education for view. We could verify a notable relation between aesthetics experiences and the dialogues with possibilities of new understandings about art and with the creation of new philosophical thinking.

Estimant qu'il est nécessaire de fonder la valeur intrinsèque de la nature et constatant l'insuffisance des pistes tracées par Baird Callicott pour ajuster son axiologie subjective moderne à un cadre de pensée postmoderne, j'entreprends de repenser ses notions de sujet et de valeur intrinsèque afin d'y intégrer non seulement l'invalidation écologique-quantique d'une séparation tranchée entre sujet et objet, mais également des éléments prégnants de la pensée postmoderne :la contextualisation, le constructivisme, et l'aperspectivisme découlant de ces deux traits (la pensée ne peut plus indûment privilégier une perspective particulière). <p>J'utilise pour cela comme outil heuristique la théorie intégrale de Ken Wilber, et mets à profit une série d'analyses et de concepts novateurs inscrits dans une post-métaphysique intégrale, afin de proposer une voie de dépassement au dualisme inhérent à l'axiologie de Callicott et d'équilibrer son approche foncièrement matérielle de l'ontologie morale et du soi relationnel par et au sein d'un holisme intégral (extérieur et intérieur). Celui-ci repose sur la ré-introduction des intériorités du monde :le holisme n'est en effet pas simplement un multiplexe de relations internes entre surfaces matérielles mais également, et nécessairement, le multiplexe des relations intérieures qui co-constituent toute entité, tout holon. <p>Un holon désigne un tout-partie – à la fois entièreté persistante en relation avec d'autres entièretés et partie constituante d'une entièreté plus profonde – qui possède donc intrinsèquement une dimension individuelle et une dimension collective. Celles-ci se doublent de dimensions extérieures (aspects du holon accessibles à l'observation par les sens physiques ou leurs extensions) et intérieures (aspects du holon qui échappent à l'observation matérielle et requièrent, pour leur appréhension, dialogue et interprétation). <p>Je préconise d'intégrer aux notions de sujet et de valeur intrinsèque ces quatre dimensions co-constitutives de tout holon, irréductibles les unes aux autres, et nécessairement impliquées pour tout référent. L'intersubjectivité, littéralement intrinsèque à tout rapport au monde comme à tout référent, en elle-même irréductible à des composantes matérielles, représente le dépassement des dualismes modernes en même temps que la ré-introduction en propre de l'intériorité inhérente du monde. Atomisme et holisme sont transcendés en une approche intégrale qui réinscrit, en regard des relations internes entre surfaces matérielles, les relations intérieures qui les agencent. Par le biais de la théorie intégrale de Wilber, je propose donc de réconcilier l'axiologie de Callicott et sa théorie de la valeur intrinsèque de la nature avec un cadre de pensée postmoderne réhabilitant les intériorités du vivant. <p>--------------- <p>Considering it necessary to articulate and to ground an understanding of the intrinsic value of nature, and finding that Callicott's proposals for adjusting his modern subjective axiology to a postmodern framework fall short on several accounts, I set about to rethink and reexamine his notions of subject and intrinsic value so as to have them integrate not only the ecological-quantic invalidation of the modern subject-object dichotomy but also some prominent features of postmodern thought :contextualism, constructivism, and, following those, aperspectivism (intenability of unduly privileging a single perspective). <p>To this end, I make use of Ken Wilber's Integral Theory as a heuristic tool and take advantage of several innovative analysis and concepts, set in the context of an integral post-metaphysics, in order to suggest a way of transcending the dualism inherent to Callicott's axiology whilst allowing for the fundamentally material conception of his moral ontology and relational self to be balanced by and within an integral holism (exterior and interior). This means re-introducing the world's interiorities :holism isn't simply about a multiplex of internal relations between material surfaces but also, and necessarily, about the multiplex of interior relations that are co-constitutive of any entity, of any holon. <p>A holon designates a whole-part – both a persisting entirety or whole involved in relations with other entities and a constitutive part of deeper wholes – that intrinsically possesses an individual and a collective dimension. These are both further comprised of exterior (aspects of the holon that are accessible to observation by the physical senses or their extensions) and interior (aspects of the holon that evade material observation and require, for their apprehension, a dialogue and interpretation) dimensions. <p>Intersubjectivity, which is literally intrinsic both to any relation with the world and to the co-creation of any referent, and is in itself irreducible to whatever material component, appears as the fundamental overcoming of modernity's dualisms. Concurrently, a holonic understanding of the notions of subject and of intrinsic value is recommended, such that the main constitutive and irreducible dimensions of any holon become foundational to both these notions. Atomism and holism are transcended into an integral approach that acknowledges the interior relations prominent in giving agency and meaning to the various internal relations between material surfaces focused on by Callicott. Through Wilber's Integral Theory, I thus suggest the means of reconciling Callicott's axiology and theory of the intrinsic value of nature with a postmodern framework that rehabilitates life's interiorities. <p> / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa / British forces captured the Cape of Good Hope from the Batavian Government in 1806. The archaeological investigation into the Battle of Blaauwberg aims to identify the strategic use of the landscape by both sides focusing on specific geographic areas. Metal detector surveys and the mapping of archaeological material clarified the various battle positions within the reconstructed historical environment. Analysis of the artefacts provided insight into their use and the strategies followed by both armies. Altogether the evidence illuminated the use of the landscape and its influence on the course of the battle. This unique multi-pronged study of a South African battlefield and its material cultural record sheds new light on the 1806 battle, thereby complementing and refining prevailing historical interpretations. It explores methodological issues and approaches that are critical to the domain of battlefield archaeology in South Africa, where a large number of battle sites still await archaeological investigation. / Britse magte het die Kaap die Goeie Hoop in 1806 van die Bataafse Regering verower. Die argeologiese ondersoek na die Slag van Blaauwberg is gerig op die identifikasie van die strategiese gebruik van die landskap deur beide kante met die fokus op spesifieke geografiese areas. Metaalverklikkeropnames en die kartering van argeologiese materiaal het die onderskeie gevegsposisies in die gerekonstrueerde geskiedkundige omgewing opgeklaar. ’n Ontleding van die artefakte het insig gebied in hul gebruik en die strategieë wat beide gevegsmagte gevolg het. In die geheel gesien, belig die getuienis die gebruik van die landskap en hoe dit die verloop van die geveg beïnvloed het. Hierdie unieke meervlakkige studie van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse slagveld en sy materiële kultuurrekord werp nuwe lig op die 1806-veldslag en sodoende word bestaande historiese interpretasies aangevul en verfyn. Dit verken metodologiese kwessies en benaderings wat kritiek is vir die domein van slagveldargeologie in Suid-Afrika waar ’n groot aantal gevegsterreine nog argeologies ondersoek moet word. / Imikhosi yaseBhritane yayihlutha iKoloni Yethemba eyayibizwa ngokuba yiCape of Good Hope, iyihlutha kurhulumente waseBatavia ngonyaka we-1806. Uphando lwezixhobo zakudala zexesha ledabi iBattle of Blaauwberg lujolise ekuqwalaseleni ubuchule bokusetyenziswa kobume belizwe ngala macala mabini, lugxininisa kwiindawo ezithile. Isifundo sembali senza uqikelelo lobunjani bedabi, kwaqhutywa iintlolo zimvo ezisebenzisa izixhobo zesinyithi nokuphengululwa kwezixhobo ezifumaneke kwizakhiwo zakudala nezacacisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zedabi. Izixhobo zokusebenza ezafunyaniswayo zatyhila ulwazi lwendlela ezazisetyenziswa ngayo namacebo obulumko awayesetyenziswa yimikhosi yamacala omabini. Ubungqina bacacisa ukusetyenziswa kobume belizwe nefuthe lobo bume ekuqhubekeni kwedabi. Le ndlela ikhethekileyo, nenobuchule obuziindidi ezahlukeneyo, yokufunda indawo yedabi laseMzantsi Afrika, nengxelo yezinto zenkcubeko, inika ulwazi olutsha ngeli dabi lowe-1806, kwaye yongeza ikwacolisisa indlela yokutolika imbali yeli dabi. Kuphandwa imibandela yeendlela zokwenza namacebo abaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lophando lwezixhobo zakudala zamadabi eMzantsi Afrika, apho iziza zamadabi eziliqela zisalinde ukuba kuphandwe ngazo. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M.A. (Archaeology)

Already regarded as one of the top teams in Negro League baseball, the Kansas City Monarchs became known as a powerhouse unit in the 1930s and 40s. They rolled into towns with lights, amazing athletes, and competitive play. They won championship after championship during these years as Kansas City baseball fans strongly supported them. As they became an integral part of the city, the Monarchs' success, open-seating policy, and jazzy home openers fostered a large following of mixed-race fans. The local black newspaper, the Kansas City Call, held them up on a pedestal, while sportswriters for the mainstream Kansas City Star/Times downplayed the Monarchs' accomplishments and influence in the community. This thesis focuses on the relationship the Call had with the best team in black baseball through the context of its treatment of games, players, league officials, and team owners, as well as other patterns and tactics. Analysis of the Star/Times coverage is also considered to show variances in coverage between one city's race-divided newspapers. Negro League baseball and the African American newspapers that covered the teams grew out of and illustrated the segregation laws and prejudices feelings that existed in the United States during most of the twentieth century. Over time, especially when the sports world moved into the post-integration period, the Call's bolstering of the Monarchs deteriorated as the paper's promotion of democracy steered its sportswriters away from a baseball organization that symbolized segregation. The different types of coverage by the Call throughout the twenty-year study can be described as all-out promotion, balance, and abandonment. In the 1950s nostalgia and conflict existed, as the Call's sportswriters became torn on how to cover a team that was once the pride of the black community, but now represented inequality. In an attempt to remedy this torment, the Call tried to convince black baseball officials to remove the “Negro League” stigma by signing players of all races in order to mirror the more democratic Major Leagues. The white press, meanwhile, ignored the bigger issues of black baseball as one Negro League team after another died in the 1950s. The Star/Times peripheral coverage of the Monarchs provides context to the social issues and discriminatory practices at play in Missouri. As this thesis outlines the coverage of the Monarchs through the Black and White newspapers of Kansas City, previous research is substantiated and challenged to provide a fuller account of Jim Crow's effects.