Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva / Resumo: Estudos em Psicologia do desenvolvimento têm enfatizado a importância de um repertório habilidoso para que as crianças estabeleçam interações sociais saudáveis. Sabe-se que o comportamento da criança é multideterminado e influenciado pelos comportamentos das demais pessoas que fazem parte de seus contextos (familiares, professores, pares). O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção em grupo com crianças para promover habilidades sociais infantis nos contextos familiar e escolar, em um delineamento experimental de grupo, com grupo experimental e grupo controle (Estudos 1, 2 e 3) e delineamento de sujeito como controle dele mesmo (Estudo 4). Foi utilizado o procedimento de intervenção Promove-Crianças (FALCÃO; BOLSONI-SILVA, 2016). Os participantes foram 41 crianças que cursavam o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de escolas municipais de uma cidade no norte paranaense e que apresentavam diagnóstico clínico, em comorbidade, para problemas de comportamento interalizantes, externalizantes e totais, de acordo com relatos de mães/pais e de professores. As crianças foram distribuídas randomicamente em grupo experimental (21 crianças) e grupo controle (20 crianças). Para mensurar efeitos da intervenção foram aplicados instrumentos que avaliassem os comportamentos das crianças (habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento), de suas mães/pais e de seus professores (práticas educativas e indicadores de saúde mental) em três momentos para o grupo experimental (... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Studies in Developmental psychology have emphasized the importance of a skillful repertoire for children to establish healthy social interactions. Since the behavior is multidetermined and the behavior of children is influenced by the behavior of other people who are part of their contexts (family, teachers, peers), the aim was to assess whether, by promoting changes in the child's repertoire, one can also influence the behavior of those around him/her. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of a group intervention with children to promote children's social skills in the family and school contexts, in an experimental group design. The intervention procedure Promove-Crianças (FALCÃO; BOLSONI-SILVA, 2016) was used. The participants were 41 children who were attending the first year of elementary school in municipal schools in a city in the north of Paraná and who had a clinical diagnosis, in comorbidity, for internalizing, externalizing and total behavior problems, according to mothers and teachers reports. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental group (21 children) and a control group (20 children). To measure the intervention effects, instruments to assess the behaviors of children (social skills and behavior problems), their mothers and teachers (educational practices and mental health indicators) were applied in three moments for the experimental group (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) and in two moments for the control group (Probe 1 and Pro... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Secure attachment in the mother-child relationship has been shown to be predictor of positive mental health and pro-social behaviors in children who are typically developing. This study uses a sample of young children (18 mo. to 2 yrs) who had been identified as having a delay in some area of development. Mothers of these children completed two paper-pencil measures of attachment, along with measures of child temperament, maternal psychological problems, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. A second set of measures was completed one year later. Results showed that increased parenting stress and difficulty of child temperament contributed to less security of attachment, while increased maternal psychological problems predicted higher attachment security. Analysis indicated that scores on both attachment measures were stable, and that a lower degree of attachment security predicted behavior problems in this sample of children with developmental delays.

The present study investigated whether the impact of early services was greater for mothers with less education and their first grade children who had less than an 80 IQ and behavior problems. Previous research has focused on children with autism, behavior problems, and interventions, whereas this study did not include autism as a characteristic of the sample population. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if early services moderated the relationship between maternal education and problem behaviors in children; for which each regression model utilized maternal anxiety, child’s gender, and expressive and receptive language ability as the control variables. When investigating the moderating influence of early services for children with low IQ in the relationship between behavior problems and maternal education, it was found that early services did not have a significant moderating effect. However, it was found that maternal education explained a significant amount of variance in the externalizing behavior of children at the .05 level. This finding indicates that the level of maternal education is a better predictor of behavior problems than whether a child receives early intervention. The significance of this study is that it adds to the research for children with low IQ. However, the results in this study should not be considered for the use of policymaking, given the limitations presented.

Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet har visat sig ha en positiv effekt för både den psykiska och fysiska hälsan. Den kan minska psykiska problem som oro, stress och depression, samt fysiska åkommor som blodtryck, stroke och diabetes. Fysisk aktivitet är numera en allt mer vedertagen metod för att behandla fysiska och psykiska besvär. Individer med ADHD har vanligen problem med hyperaktivitet, impulsivitet, uppmärksamhet, sociala beteenden och kognitiva förmågor.Syfte: Att undersöka den vetenskapliga litteraturen för att få belägg för vilka effekter fysisk aktivitet kan ha för symptom hos individer med ADHD.Metod: I denna systematiska litteraturstudie återfanns via sökningar i databaserna PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct och PsycINFO artiklar som sedan granskades utifrån en bedömningsmall.Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet upplevdes ha en positiv effekt för hyperaktivitet och uppmärksamhetsproblem samt visade sig minska risken för sociala beteendeproblem hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD. Vidare påvisades att oavsett regelbundenhet eller omfattning av fysisk aktivitet en positiv effekt för kognitiva förmågor hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD.Konklusion: Den vetenskapliga litteraturen visar att fysisk aktivitet troligen har en positiv effekt för ett flertal symptom hos individer med ADHD. Dock krävs ytterligare forskning i ämnet. / Background: Physical activity has been shown to have a positive impact for both mental and physical health. It may reduce psychological problems such as anxiety, stress and depression, and physical issues like high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes. Physical activity is now an increasingly accepted method to treat physical and mental disorders. Individuals with ADHD usually have problems with hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention, social behavior and cognitive abilities.Aim: To investigate the scientific literature for evidence about the effect of physical activity on symptoms in individuals with ADHD.Method: In this systematic literature review articles where found through the databases PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct and PsycINFO witch was later surveyed based on an assessment template.Results: Physical activity was perceived to have a positive effect for hyperactivity and attention problems and appeared to reduce the risk of social behavior problems in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Furthermore, it was shown that regardless of frequency or extent of physical activity a positive effect was shown on cognitive abilities in individuals diagnosed with ADHD.Conclusion: The scientific literature shows that physical activity is likely to have a positive effect for a variety of symptoms in individuals with ADHD. However, further research on the subject is required.

Research over the past two decades has documented the social difficulties encountered by many students with learning disabilities (LD). Comparison studies have indicated that in contrast to nonhandicapped children, children with LD demonstrate disproportionate degrees of inappropriate behavior. Many behavioral difficulties have been conceptualized as deficiencies in component skills of social problem-solving. The present study investigated social problem-solving processes among sixty mainstreamed LD adolescents and sixty non-LD adolescents in one California school district comprised primarily of students from low socioeconomic households. Social problem-solving was measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) while classroom social behavior was determined by teacher ratings of each subject on the School Social Behavior Scales (SSBS). Contrary to prediction, adolescents with LD were no different in level of self-reported social problem-solving behaviors than non-LD peers. No group difference emerged for any of the five subscales of the SPSI-R. Significant differences were found between the groups on the two subscales of the SSBS. LD adolescents scored significantly higher than non-LD peers on measures of antisocial behavior while demonstrating significantly lower levels of social competence. The lack of associations between SPSI-R problem-solving scores and SSBS social behavior scores in the present study indicates that adolescent's problem-solving ability does not seem to help or hinder their overall social functioning to any remarkable degree. Implications for social problem-solving theory are discussed along with an examination of the utility of the SPSI-R for non-clinical populations.

Le développement de comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) pendant l’enfance est un sujet de plus en plus étudié. Les chercheurs et les cliniciens ont souvent fait référence à l’agression sexuelle (AS) pour l’expliquer. Bien que le lien entre les CSP et l’AS soit bien documenté dans la littérature scientifique, il reste que la présence de CSP semble liée à plusieurs autres facteurs. Les auteurs s’intéressent de plus en plus à la relation entre les CSP et l’exposition à d’autres types de victimisation, incluant la maltraitance. La cooccurrence de différentes formes de victimisation s’avère donc être un angle important à explorer, en raison de sa relation avec différents indices de détresse psychologique incluant les comportements extériorisés. Objectif. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’identifier les facteurs qui permettent d’estimer la probabilité qu’un enfant victime d’agression sexuelle (VAS) présente des CSP. Méthode. L’échantillon est composé de 372 enfants VAS (M âge enfant = 9,4 ans ; É-T = 2,2 ; 32,3% garçons) ayant fait l’objet d’une évaluation des besoins, dans un centre de services d’intervention spécialisés entre 2007 et 2016. Des analyses bivariées (chi-carré, anova, U de Mann-Whitney) et un modèle d’analyse de régression logistique hiérarchique ont été réalisés. Résultats. Les résultats des analyses bivariées révèlent que les enfants VAS manifestant des CSP se distinguent des enfants VAS n’ayant pas de CSP sur plusieurs variables : ils présentent plus de symptômes de dissociation, de dépression et d’anxiété; ils ont une plus faible estime de soi; ils perçoivent aussi recevoir moins de soutien à la suite de l’AS et présentent davantage des troubles de comportement extériorisés, de même que des stratégies de résolution de problème extériorisées; ils sont aussi plus souvent polyvictimes, ils sont notamment plus souvent exposés à la violence conjugale, plus susceptibles de vivre de la violence psychologique et d’avoir vécu une AS plus grave. Alors qu’ils reçoivent des services pour leur victimisation sexuelle; ils sont aussi plus susceptibles d’avoir un dossier actif en vertu de la Loi de la Protection de la Jeunesse (LPJ), ils vivent plus de placements, puis une médication leur est plus souvent prescrite. Lorsque l’ensemble de ces variables est considéré dans le modèle de régression logistique, l’analyse révèle que les facteurs suivants augmentent la probabilité qu’un enfant VAS présente des CSP : être un garçon (2,2 fois plus de risque), avoir une médication prescrite (2,2 fois plus de risque) et présenter un niveau de dissociation atteignant le seuil clinique (2,5 fois plus de risque). À l’inverse, la perception d’avoir reçu du soutien à la suite de l’AS diminue le risque que l’enfant VAS présente des CSP (0,8 fois moins de risque). Conclusion. Les résultats révèlent que l’apparition de CSP chez les enfants VAS semble liée à une accumulation de facteurs de vulnérabilité parmi lesquels la détresse psychologique (médication, dissociation) et la victimisation s’avèrent être des composantes particulièrement importantes. / The development of sexual behavior problems (SBP) during childhood is increasingly studied. While researchers and clinicians have often associated SBP to child sexual abuse (SA), the presence of SBP also seems to be linked to several other factors. Most recent works are exploring, among other factors, the frequent association between SBP and exposure to other forms of victimization, including child maltreatment. The cooccurrence of different forms of violence therefore turns out to be an important angle to explore because of its relationship with different indices of psychological distress, including externalizing behaviors. Objective. The main objective of this Masters’ thesis is to identify factors allowing to estimate the probability that a sexually abused child presents inappropriate sexual behaviors and SBP (referred to as SBP). Method. The sample was composed of 372 SA children (M child’s age = 9.4 years; SD = 2.2; 32.3% boys) who were assessed in a specialized intervention center between 2007 and 2016. Bivariate analysis (chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Mann Whitney U) and a hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Bivariate analyses reveal that SA children with SBP show more symptoms of dissociation, depression, and anxiety than SA children without SBP. They also report receiving less support with regard to their SA experience and show more externalized behaviors and externalized problem solving strategies than SA children without SBP. Further, SA children with SBP are more frequently polyvictimized. For instance, compared to children without SBP more children in this group have been exposed to domestic violence, to psychological abuse and to more severe SA. While they are receiving services for their SA experience, they were are also more likely to have an active file under the Youth Protection Act (YPA), to experience placement, and to be prescribed medication for ADHD or behavior and emotion regulation problems. Taken together, multivariable analyses conducted with the regression model reveals that the following factors increase the probability of presenting SBP in SA victims: the child's gender (being a male, 2,2 times more likely to present SBP), being prescribed medication (2,2 times more likely to present SBP) and presenting a level of dissociation reaching the clinical threshold (2,5 times more likely to present SBP). Conversely, perceiving to have received less support in relation to the sexual abuse experienced decreases the risk that the AS child will present SBP (0,8 times less likely to present SBP). Conclusion. The results reveal that the development of SBP in child victims of SA appears associated to an accumulation of vulnerability factors, among which psychological distress (e.g.: dissociation and medication) and victimization prove to be particularly important components.

No description available.

Research suggested that the economic and parenting stress experienced by mothers and fathers are important factors in predicting individually children's emotional and behavioral functioning. In a time of economic recession, understanding the mechanisms (e.g., mediators) that may be active in explaining this relationship may prove important. Therefore, this study examined the relationships among the economic and parenting stress experienced by mothers and fathers, their parenting behaviors, and their ratings of their young children's emotional and behavioral functioning. Thirty-three parents who have children ranging in age from 2- to 6-years and who are living in the greater Orlando area completed measures regarding the variables of interest for this study. Results of this study indicated that parenting stress predicts significantly young children's internalizing, externalizing, and total problems; however, economic variables do not predict significantly young children's internalizing, externalizing, and total problem behaviors. This study emphasized the importance of research examining the relationships among economic and parenting stress, parenting behaviors, and the emotional and behavioral functioning experienced by young children in order to ensure better outcomes for families in a time of economic recession.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stephanny Maria Rampazo.pdf: 1203090 bytes, checksum: 35e6ca9b23021e367117e2c29b576f87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / The diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is oriented to people with losses in areas such as communication and social interaction and by the presence of repetitive stereotyped behaviors. It is a clinical diagnosis which follows standard protocols of indirect evaluation and clinical observation (direct evaluation) in order to track signals and symptoms within the 3 areas mentioned previously and having stereotyped behaviors as a clinical indicator of this evaluation. Amongst these indicators, motors stereotypes are usually observed in people with ASD, however, there are a few Brazilian researches that consider broad clinical diversity evaluation as well as its functions, once its tools and common scales explore partially this symptomatology. The objective of this study is to show the registered results of motors stereotypes of people with ASD and discuss about possible ways of stereotypes evaluation regarding its functions and presentation. The sample was built with 22 children (age varying from 3 to 12 years old) diagnosed by Unidade de Referência em Autismo Prof° Marcos Tomanik Mercadante Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo with ASD. The stereotype´s evaluations were based on direct and indirect behavior and tracking of ADS from data base tools: a) Brazilian version of The Behavior Problems Inventory-BPI-01; b) Brazilian version of Autism Behavior Checklist - ABC; c) Video register of Stereotypes Evaluation (RAEV). d) Experimental Functional Evaluation of Stereotype. A descriptive analysis was conducted on a case by case basis with non parametric tests and correlation with the used tools. The main conclusions of this study were: 1) the three methods of assessment, recorded the stereotypies in different relative proportions: 12 behaviors that indicate motor stereotypes at ABC were recorded in varying number of subjects in the sample (only one individual did not score), and the record of percentage relative to the total possible was 43.8%. All subjects scored at BPI-01 at least one of the 24 behaviors recorded, and the record of percentage out of the total possible was 67.4%. The direct evaluation was able to register 79 behaviors considered motor stereotypes, and therefore it was considered more effective than other methods; 2) the comparison between ABC and BPI-01 shows similar behaviors, but with slightly different questions, which led to different answers. These two questionnaires are easy to apply, the use of both is recommended because they are complementary to the registration of stereotypies. No difference was found when six similar ABC and BPI-01 records were compared; 3) You can identify the function of stereotyping for each individual from an experimental functional analysis with only a 30 minute session, divided into three situations with 10 minutes each: on demand situation (the children are requested to perform a task); attention situation (the child is praised when showing stereotypes); alone situation (free observation); 4) stereotyping may have multiple functions, i.e., stereotyped behavior can begin with a self-stimulation function, maintained by automatic reinforcement, but it can vary and serve other functions, such as obtaining social attention; 5) evaluating the function of stereotyping rather than the simple topographical record enables different, more detailed and meticulous interventions. / O Diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é designado às pessoas com prejuízos nas áreas de comunicação, interação social e pela presença de comportamentos repetitivos e estereotipados. Seu diagnóstico é clinico e a avaliação é realizada a partir de protocolos padronizados de avaliação indireta e de observação clínica (avaliação direta), a fim de rastrear sinais e sintomas dentro das três áreas citadas, sendo um dos indicadores clínicos nessa avaliação, os comportamentos estereotipados. Dentre eles, nas pessoas com TEA, as estereotipias motoras comumente são manifestadas, porém existem poucas pesquisas brasileiras que contemplam avaliações que abranjam sua diversidade clínica, bem como sua função, já que os instrumentos e escalas usuais exploram de maneira parcial essa sintomatologia. O objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar os resultados do registro de estereotipias motoras em pessoas com TEA e discutir sobre as possíveis formas de avaliação de estereotipias, em relação à sua topografia e à sua função. A amostra foi constituída por 22 crianças com diagnóstico de TEA pela Unidade de Referência em Autismo Prof° Marcos Tomanik Mercadante Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, com idade entre 3 e 12 anos. As formas de avaliação das estereotipias se deram por avaliação comportamental direta e indireta e de rastreamento de TEA, a partir de instrumentos de coleta de dados: a) Versão Brasileira do Inventário de Problemas de Comportamentais (The Behavior Problems Inventory-BPI-01); b) Autism Behavior Checklist - ABC; c) Registro de Avaliação de Estereotipias por Vídeo (RAEV). d) Análise Funcional de estereotipia. Foi realizada análise descritiva da casuística, com testes não paramétricos e correlação entre os instrumentos utilizados. As principais conclusões deste estudo foram: 1) os três métodos de avaliação, registraram as estereotipias em proporções relativas diferentes: os 12 comportamentos que indicam estereotipias motoras no ABC foram registrados em número variados de sujeitos da amostra (apenas um indivíduo não pontuou), sendo que o percentual de registro em relação ao total possível foi de 43,8%. No BPI-01 todos os sujeitos pontuaram em pelo menos um dos 24 comportamentos registrados, sendo o percentual de registro em relação ao total possível de 67,4%. Já a avaliação direta foi capaz de registrar 79 comportamentos considerados estereotipias motoras, sendo, portanto mais eficaz que os demais métodos; 2) a comparação entre o ABC e o BPI-01 mostra que comportamentos similares, mas com perguntas ligeiramente diferentes levam a respostas diversas. Como são dois questionários de fácil aplicação, recomenda-se a utilização de ambos, pois são complementares para o registro das estereotipias. A comparação entre o registro no ABC e BPI-01 entre seis comportamentos cuja redação é muito semelhante não mostrou diferença; 3) é possível obter a função da estereotipia para cada indivíduo a partir de uma análise funcional com apenas uma sessão de 30 minutos, dividida em 3 situações de 10 minutos: demanda (solicita-se que a crianças execute uma tarefa); atenção (elogia-se quando a criança exibe a estereotipia); sozinho (observação livre); 4) uma estereotipia pode ter múltiplas funções, ou seja, um comportamento estereotipado pode iniciar por uma função de auto-estimulação, mantida por reforçamento automático, mas pode variar de função e adquirir outras funções simultâneas, como a obtenção de atenção social; 5) avaliar a função da estereotipia ao invés do simples registro topográfico possibilita intervenções diferentes, mais detalhadas e minuciosas.

El propósito de nuestro estudio fue analizar la influencia del temperamento sobre la ejecución escolar del niño. Las medidas tomadas en este estudio incluyen el CI Verbal (WISC-R; Wechsler, 2000), el temperamento informado por las madres (EATQ-R; Ellis y Rothbart, 1992) y medido en el laboratorio, el rendimiento en lectura y matemáticas mediante calificación final y test, un cuestionario de competencia académica informado por el profesor (HRI; Keogh, Juvonen y Bernheimer, 1992), un cuestionario de autoestima informada por el niño (SEI; Brown y Alexander, 1991) y el ajuste interpersonal mediante cuestionario informado por los padres y profesores (BAS-1, BAS-2; Silva y Martorel, 1999) (n=49, 11 años). Nuestros resultandos indican que las dimensiones de temperamento de ira e inhibición se relacionan con problemas en el ajuste social del niño. El factor control con esfuerzo parece ser un predictor significativo de todas las medidas de rendimiento y competencia académica, además de tener un papel mediador en la relación que la inteligencia tiene sobre los resultados académicos del niño. Estos resultados acentúan la importancia de que padres y maestros conozcan el temperamento de los niños para facilitar su adaptación a la escuela. / The aim of the current study was to examine the role of temperament in school outcomes. Measures used in the study included the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire and Laboratory task of temperament, information on grades in reading and math subjects and test in these subjects, a self reported measure of self-esteem, an academic competence questionnaire completed by teachers, and social adjustment questionnaire completed by teachers and mothers (n=49, 11 years old). Results showed that inhibition and angy appears to be significant predictors of poor social adjustment. Effortful control (EC) appears to be a significant predictor of all dimensions of school achievement and academic competence. Also, that parent reported EC mediates the relationship between high levels of intelligence and better academic outcomes at school. Our results point to the importance of understanding students´ temperament by parents and educators to promote their adaptation to the classroom.