Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-06T18:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Vieira Gonzaga.pdf: 4978693 bytes, checksum: 22e5218d6daab1bb1914d2919134607a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T18:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Vieira Gonzaga.pdf: 4978693 bytes, checksum: 22e5218d6daab1bb1914d2919134607a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Adolescence is a period of physical, psychological, social and cultural changes, include stressors in the school context as to do academic tests and admission exams for college. To deal with these situations, teenagers present different ways of coping which influence the academic engagement, studying and coping with test anxiety, that affects their academic performance. Therefore, the coping process can be a mediating or moderating variable of the impact of stress on school performance. This research aimed to describe and analyze the relations between academic stressors, test anxiety and its coping and the academic performance of High School students with and without behavior problems, using a developmental and self-regulating approach. Participated 411 students (girls: 59.85%), with 14-20 year olds (M = 16.27; SD=1.04) attending High School on a public school in S?o Paulo?s capital. We applied the following instruments in six classrooms: Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (Brazilian Criteria), the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and Adolescent/Child?s Self Report Responses to Stress ? Academic Problems (RSQ-AS) - both translation processes authorized, the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Scale of Coping with Academic Tests, specially developed to access the coping process before, during and after tests. We did these statistical analisis: descriptive, correlations, structural equations modeling and network analysis. Most students had test anxiety (n= 379; 62.53%), girls in particular (n= 227; 66.96%), and n=379; 20.84% demonstrated behavioral problems (Internalizing: n=139; 36.68%; Externalizing: n=69; 18.21%). The student?s average grade in the subject was above five points (M = 6.63; SD=1.18). When facing academic stressors, they reacted with involuntary responses (M = 0.23; SD= 0.04). To deal with tests, the coping process is more adaptive than maladaptive (AC: M = 55.39; SD= 10.60; MAC: M = 41.64; SD=12.80), with ways of coping like Self-reliance, Support-seeking and Problem-solving. Classrooms showed significative differences in socioeconomic status, age groups, number of stressful sources and general average. Structural equation modeling indicates that students with better academic performance were those who had internalizing problems, not externalizing problems, higher adaptive coping score, secondary control engagement coping and involuntary engagement,and whose involuntary disengagement score was lower. Students who experienced test anxiety had higher involuntary engagement and higher number of academic stressors. Students who experienced higher number of academic stressors presented higher primary and secondary control engagement scores, voluntary and involuntary disengagement, and involuntary engagement. The students who had internalizing problems had more test anxiety and higher number of academic stressors. The students who had higher maladaptive coping scores had internalizing problems, test anxiety and higher number of academic stressors. The network analysis also indicated associations between: higher age, higher grades schooling and better academic performance; higher grades schooling and more stress; and low academic performance and academic stressors (not understanding classes or homework, having trouble studying, feeling pressured to do something, and having bad classes or teachers). The behavior problems stand out in this sampling, as well as coping difficulties regarding school events, which referee a psychological intervention in this educational grade. / A adolesc?ncia ? um per?odo de mudan?as f?sicas, psicol?gicas e socioculturais, com muitos estressores, inclusive no contexto escolar, a exemplo da realiza??o de provas acad?micas e o vestibular. Para lidar com essas situa??es, os adolescentes apresentam diferentes estrat?gias de enfrentamento (EE), as quais influenciam o engajamento acad?mico, o comportamento de estudar e de lidar com a ansiedade em situa??es de provas, afetando seu rendimento acad?mico. O enfrentamento (coping), portanto, pode atuar como uma vari?vel moderadora ou mediadora do impacto do estresse sobre o desempenho escolar. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo descrever e analisar as rela??es entre estressores acad?micos, ansiedade de provas escolares e seu enfrentamento, e o desempenho acad?mico, em alunos do Ensino M?dio, com e sem problemas de comportamento, adotando uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista e de autorregula??o. Participaram 411 alunos (meninas = 59,85%), com 14-20 anos (M = 16,27; DP=1,04), cursando o Ensino M?dio, em uma escola p?blica da capital paulista. Foram aplicados, nas 6 turmas: o Crit?rio de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil, o Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) e Adolescent/Child?s Self Report Responses to Stress ? Academic Problems (RSQ-AS), ambos com valida??o lingu?stica autorizada, o Youth Self-Report (YSR), e a Escala de Enfrentamento de Provas Escolares, especialmente elaborada, avaliando o coping antes, durante e depois de provas. Foram feitas an?lises estat?sticas: descritiva, correla??es, modelagem de equa??es estruturais e an?lise de redes. A maioria dos estudantes tinha ansiedade de provas (n= 379; 62,53%), especialmente as meninas (n=227; 66,96%), e n= 379; 20,84% apresentaram problemas de comportamento (Internalizantes: n= 139; 36,68%; Externalizantes: n= 69; 18,21%). A m?dia geral das notas das disciplinas das turmas ficou acima de cinco pontos (M = 6,63; DP= 1,18). Frente a estressores acad?micos, os alunos reagiam com respostas involunt?rias (M = 0,23; DP=0,04). Diante de provas, o coping era mais adaptativo do que mal adaptativo (CA: M = 55,39; DP= 10,60; CMA: M = 41,64; DP=12,80), com EE de autoconfian?a, busca de suporte e resolu??o de problemas. Houve diferen?as significativas entre as s?ries escolares no n?vel socioecon?mico, idade, n?mero de estressores e m?dia geral. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram que os alunos com maior desempenho acad?mico foram aqueles com problemas internalizantes, sem problemas externalizantes, maior escore de coping adaptativo, engajamento de controle secund?rio e engajamento involunt?rio, e menor escore de desengajamento involunt?rio. Alunos com ansiedade de provas apresentaram maior engajamento involunt?rio e maior n?mero de estressores. Os alunos com maior n?mero de estressores apresentaram maiores escores de engajamento de controle prim?rio e secund?rio, desengajamento volunt?rio e involunt?rio, e engajamento involunt?rio. Os alunos com problemas internalizantes foram aqueles com ansiedade de provas e maior n?mero de estressores. Os alunos com maiores escores de coping mal adaptativo foram aqueles com problemas internalizantes, ansiedade de provas e maior n?mero de estressores. A an?lise de redes indicou tamb?m associa??es entre: maioridade, maior escolaridade e melhor desempenho acad?mico; maior escolaridade e mais estresse; e baixo desempenho e estressores acad?micos (n?o entender as aulas e as tarefas, ter dificuldade para estudar, sentir-se pressionado e ter professores ruins). Os problemas de comportamento se destacaram nesta amostra, assim como as dificuldades de enfrentamento dos eventos escolares, indicando a necessidade de interven??es psicol?gicas nesse n?vel educacional.

Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva / Resumo: O abuso sexual causa impactos para a vítima e sua família, o que pode levar a alterações de comportamento e gerar consequências para a saúde mental. No caso das mães das vítimas, estas consequências podem interferir nas práticas parentais e no relacionamento com os filhos. As habilidades sociais educativas contribuem para o responsável agir de forma mais adequada mesmo em contextos adversos, como diante da ocorrência do abuso sexual. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever e comparar as práticas parentais (habilidades sociais educativas, práticas educativas negativas e variáveis de contexto), a saúde mental (sintomas de ansiedade e depressão) de mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual e o repertório comportamental (habilidades sociais e os problemas de comportamento) dos filhos, de acordo com o relato das mães sobre as crianças. Participaram da pesquisa 13 mães de crianças com idades entre três e onze anos, que foram encaminhadas ao CREAS de uma cidade do interior paulista devido à ocorrência ou indício de abuso sexual infantil. Foram utilizados seis instrumentos: I- Roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado para responsáveis de crianças sobre a situação de abuso sexual; II- Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P); III- Checklist de Habilidades Sociais Educativas e de Práticas Negativas para Pais; IV- Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência (CBCL); V- Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e VI- Inventário de Depress... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Plusieurs recherches ont eu pour sujet les troubles de comportements chez les jeunes afin de mieux comprendre leur origine et impact dans nos sociétés. Ces études, majoritairement de nature quantitative, offrent peu d’espace de parole aux jeunes. Elles démontrent que les problèmes de comportements chez les enfants sont, semble-t-il, précurseurs de problèmes plus importants, chez l’adolescent et l’adulte. Ce mémoire a recours au discours des jeunes manifestant des troubles de comportements. Il a pour objectif d’explorer les facteurs de risque présents dans la vie familiale des jeunes, par le biais d’une analyse qualitative. Les situations vécues par 30 participants (filles et garçons), recrutés dans des écoles spéciales pour jeunes en difficultés de comportements, sont explorées. Quatre profils de comportement mettent en relation la sévérité des facteurs de risque familiaux avec celle des troubles de comportements. Les résultats révèlent deux profils de comportement qui sont en lien avec la littérature dans le domaine, correspondant aux relations usuellement rapportées ou attendues entre les facteurs de risque et les troubles de comportements. Deux autres profils présentent des relations non attendues. Ainsi, malgré la présence de facteurs de risque familiaux moins sévères, les troubles comportements de certains jeunes sont plus sévères. La présence de facteurs de risque distaux ou individuels, d’après nos observations, semble avoir une influence négative importante sur les comportements des jeunes. De même, certaines combinaisons défavorables de facteurs de risque proximaux et distaux, ou individuels accentuées par la transition vers l’adolescence influenceraient négativement les comportements. D’autre part, malgré la présence de facteurs de risque familiaux plus sévères, les troubles de comportements d’autres jeunes sont moins sévères. Nous constatons, à partir des résultats de cette étude, que la présence de facteurs de protection, distaux ou individuels, pourrait atténuer les impacts négatifs de facteurs de risque familiaux plus sévères. Aussi, certains facteurs de risque familiaux de moindre intensité, durée ou gravité, pourraient possiblement avoir des effets négatifs moins marqués sur les comportements des jeunes, contribuant ainsi à la moins grande sévérité des troubles de comportements des jeunes appartenant à ce profil. / Many researches were conducted to understand the origin and impact of youth behavior problems in our society. These studies are for the most of quantitative nature and do not provide the adolescents with the opportunity to express their thoughts on the matter. Past researches demonstrate that the child’s behavior problems seem to lead to more important negative behavior, in the adulthood and adolescent period. In this paper, we will examine the discourse of the adolescent with behavior problems to explore their family risk’s factors; the qualitative analysis will be the framework of this study. The experiences of 30 young boys and girls from special behavioral problem school will be examined. The relationship between the severity of family risk’s factors and the severity of behavioral problems will be highlighted through four behavior profiles. The results of our analysis are in line with the previous literature in this field for the two profiles where the relationship between family risk’s factors and behavioral problems were depicted and expected. The other two profiles show unexpected results where, for one, despite less severe family risk’s factors, the child shows severe behavioral problems. Our observations seem to indicate that the presence of distal or individual risks’ factors has a negative influence on the child’s behavior. Also, a combination of some proximity and distal risk factors appear to be a negative influence, and may be exacerbated in the transition towards the teenage years. The other unexpected profile shows children with less severe behavioral problems despite their severe familial risk factors. The results of our research disclose the presence of protective factors within the individual, in his proximate and distal environment, which could lessen the negative impact of the family's severe risk factors on the child’s behavior. Furthermore, it seems that familial risk factors of lesser severity exposed during a smaller period in childhood, would have a lesser impact on the child’s behavior, therefore reducing the severity of behavior problems, in the aforementioned profile.

Due to the immense challenges faced by young children who exhibit emotion regulation problems, prevention programs have been designed to train teachers on strategies useful for improving classroom behavior. The current study examines the effects of a prevention program implemented in a blended Head Start/daycare setting and evaluates the outcomes of the training on children’s cognitive/preliteracy skills, selfregulation, and social competence in the fall and spring following teacher training. The intervention group (Western Kentucky University Child Care Center) and control group (Bryant Way Child Care Center) were part of a blended Head Start/child care preschool program. Children’s self-regulation, social competence, and cognitive/preliteracy skills were assessed in the Fall and Spring of the school year. Children in the intervention group exhibited better cognitive/preliteracy skills as shown by results on Woodcock- Johnson subtests. Teacher ratings on the ERC showed that girls improved in teacher reported self-regulation, the control group received higher scores on teacher rated lability than did the intervention group, and boys were rated higher on the lability scale than were girls. In addition, Head Start children were rated higher in emotional lability than were daycare children. Teacher ratings on the SCBE scale indicated that children received higher teacher ratings of social competence in the Spring than in the Fall and girls were rated higher than were boys. Additionally, children received lower internalizing behavior problem ratings in the Fall than in the Spring, Head Start children were rated higher in internalizing behavior problems than children in daycare, and boys in the control group received higher ratings of internalizing problem behaviors than those received by any other group. Furthermore, children in the control group were rated higher than children in the intervention group in externalizing problem behaviors in both Fall and Spring, but neither group showed a significant change in externalizing problem behaviors from Fall to Spring. Self-regulation enables children to inhibit inappropriate emotional outbursts as well as control their reactions to situations. Understanding children’s self-regulation skills is of vast importance to individuals in the field of education as the information provides practitioners the opportunity to improve children’s self-regulation in the preschool years.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5162.pdf: 2109943 bytes, checksum: c98897ebc95ab3bff1784bf1b2c9015d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The literature recognizes the importance of social relationships for the healthy development of children. A good social skills repertoire is crucial for this because it allows one to competently deal with the interpersonal demands. Socially competent children have better prospects for the future, while, in the other hand, deficits on the social skills repertoire are associated with behavior problems and other risk factors for development. Social competence depends on a class of skill that is the basis of all others: self-monitoring. This research, which involved two studies, focused on the relationship between social skills, behavior problems and specific indicators of behaviors which are components of the self-monitoring process as well as the relationships between these variables and socio-demographic variables. In Study there were 220 children, of both genders, who attended the 3rd to the 6th grades of elementary education in public or private schools, as well as their parents / guardians who participated as informants. We used the Brazilian version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) and Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB). Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses pointed that: (1) the sample had scores consistent with the norm for social skills and behavior problems, and that the internalizing were more frequent, according to the parents / guardians; (2) social skills with greater loadings on predicting behavioral problems were: the Responsibility of (the self-assessed) and Composure and Civility (evaluated by informants), (3) social skills of Kindness were evaluated as the ones with greater social relevance according to parents / guardians; (4) there were significant differences for the repertoire of social skills when we take into account variables such as gender, school year and school type; the socioeconomic status, on the other hand, significantly influenced only internalizing behavior problems. In Study II there was larger sample, 30 children, divided into two groups: 15 children with higher scores on social skills and lower scores of behavior problems and 15 children with opposite repertoire. We used the Structured Situations roadmap, the Interview roadmap as well as the Protocol for the Self-Monitoring Assessment. We carried out descriptive and inferential statistical analysis and we found that: (1) children showed greater ease to Describing their own actions and more difficult to Developing possible alternatives of action, (2) in terms of the specific components of self-monitoring, the group to higher score on social skills and lower behavior problems performed better on Describing the actions of others, Developing possible alternatives of action, Predicting their own feelings, Predicting the reactions of others, Predicting the feelings of others and Reporting, where necessary, changes to the future course of action, (3) girls had significantly higher scores than the boys only for Describing the actions of those with whom they interact. The results suggest the importance of investing in planning interventions aimed at promoting self-monitoring in school-age children as a way of contributing to the socio-emotional development and prevention of behavior problems. / A literatura reconhece a importância das relações sociais saudáveis no processo de desenvolvimento infantil, sendo crucial, para isso, um bom repertório de habilidades sociais para lidar de forma competente com as demandas interpessoais. Crianças socialmente competentes têm perspectivas mais favoráveis para o futuro, enquanto que um repertório deficitário de habilidades sociais encontra-se associado a problemas de comportamento e a outros fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento. A competência social depende de uma classe de habilidade que está na base de qualquer outra: a automonitoria. O presente trabalho, que envolveu dois estudos, enfocou a relação entre o repertório de habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e indicadores específicos de comportamentos componentes do processo de automonitoria, bem como as relações entre essas variáveis e variáveis sociodemográficas. No Estudo I participaram 220 crianças, de ambos os sexos, que cursavam do 3º ao 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental em escolas da rede pública e particular, bem como seus respectivos pais/responsáveis, que participaram como informantes. Foram utilizados o Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR) e o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB). As análises estatísticas, descritivas e inferenciais, apontaram que: (1) a amostra apresentou escores coerentes com a norma para habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento, sendo que os internalizantes, segundo os pais/responsáveis, foram mais frequentes; (2) as habilidades sociais de maior peso preditivo sobre problemas comportamentais foram as de Responsabilidade (na autoavaliação) e de Autocontrole e Civilidade (na avaliação por informantes); (3) as habilidades sociais de Amabilidade foram consideradas, pelos pais/responsáveis, como as de maior relevância social; (4) foram encontradas diferenças significativas no repertório de habilidades sociais segundo o gênero, ano escolar e tipo de escola; a classe econômica, por outro lado, influenciou significativamente apenas os problemas de comportamento internalizantes. No Estudo II foram selecionadas, da amostra maior, 30 crianças, compondo-se dois grupos: 15 crianças com escore superior em habilidades sociais e baixo de problemas de comportamento e 15 crianças com repertório oposto. Foram utilizados o Roteiro de Situações Estruturadas, o Roteiro de Entrevista e o Protocolo de Avaliação de Automonitoria. As análises estatísticas, descritivas e inferenciais, apontaram que: (1) as crianças apresentaram maior facilidade ao Descrever as próprias ações e maior dificuldade ao Elaborar alternativas possíveis de ação; (2) em termos dos componentes específicos da automonitoria, o grupo com escore superior em habilidades sociais e baixo de problemas de comportamento apresentou melhor desempenho em Descrever as ações dos outros, Elaborar alternativas possíveis de ação, Prever os próprios sentimentos, Prever as reações dos outros, Prever os sentimentos dos outros e Relatar, quando necessário, alterações no rumo futuro de ação; (3) as meninas apresentaram escores significativamente superiores aos meninos apenas para Descrever as ações das pessoas com as quais interagem. Os resultados sugerem a importância de investir no planejamento de intervenções voltadas para a promoção de automonitoria em crianças de idade escolar, como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento socioemocional e a prevenção de problemas de comportamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange de Freitas Branco Lima.pdf: 3256504 bytes, checksum: dd59fab832efcf17a4ee6d849d6b95f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Williams Syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder with a clinical frame that presupposes intellectual disability in various degrees as well as other language and communication deficits and behavior problems. This determines that students with WS have a special alphabetization condition in regular schools. One of the specificities to handle it is the neuropsychiatric comorbidity of greatest incidence: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The present study is introduced in this context and has as its general objective to develop and assess the efficiency of an orientation guide to teachers on the strategies of handling inattention and hyperactivity behaviors in children and adolescents with Williams Syndrome. The sample was composed of 10 participants. Five are children with clinical and cytogenetic-molecular diagnosis of Williams Syndrome with indicators of inattention and hyperactivity, according to standard assessment through Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18). The five remaining participants were the respective teachers. The instruments used to data collection were: a) Teacher‟s Report Form for Ages 6-18 (TRF 6/18); b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale of Benczik: teacher‟s version; c) Questionnaire to assess teachers‟ general knowledge on Williams Syndrome; d) Orientation guide to teachers for behavioral handling of children and adolescents with Williams Syndrome in the classroom. The study was developed in three phases: Phase I: initial assessment with the use of the aforementioned instruments; Phase II: implementation of the orientation guide to teachers for behavioral handling of children and adolescents in the classroom, with duration of four months and fortnight follow-up with the teacher of the application of the guide and, Phase III: final assessment of behavioral patterns of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsiveness. The main results demonstrate that all children, except for child number 4, had less behavior problems, according to Benczik Scale. These results are not observed with the same stability in all children when TRF/6-18 is used. The strategies of the guide seem to have been followed properly by three out of five teachers. Some of the reasons to the impossibility to apply other strategies were: the rigidity of the school‟s routine and the classes‟ schedule, lack of time, lack of pedagogical material suitable to the specific needs of the child‟s schooling, lack of parental support, among others. We conclude that the orientation guide developed can be a low-cost alternative to handle the contingencies and, considering the results achieved, it can be used by teachers according to the orientations established, what shows its use feasibility in the classroom context of the sample in case. / A Síndrome de Williams (SW) é uma doença genética cujo quadro clínico pressupõe a deficiência intelectual em graus variados assim como outros déficits de linguagem, comunicação e problemas de comportamento. Isto determina que alunos com SW tenham uma condição especial de alfabetização no ensino regular. Uma das especificidades deste manejo se associa com a comorbidade neuropsiquiátrica de maior incidência na síndrome: o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Neste contexto se localiza o presente estudo cujo objetivo geral foi desenvolver e avaliar a eficácia de um guia de orientação para professores sobre estratégias de manejo dos comportamentos de desatenção e hiperatividade em crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Williams. A amostra foi composta por 10 participantes. Cinco são crianças com diagnóstico clínico e citogenético-molecular de Síndrome de Williams com indicadores de desatenção e hiperatividade, conforme avaliação padronizada com uso do Inventário dos Comportamentos de Crianças e Adolescentes de 6 a 18 anos (CBCL/6 18). Os cinco participantes restantes foram seus professores respectivos. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: a) Inventário de comportamentos para crianças e adolescentes entre 06 e 18 anos. Formulário para professores (TRF 6/18), b) Escala de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e/ou Hiperatividade de Benczik: Versão de Professores; c) Questionário para verificação no professor de conhecimentos gerais sobre a Síndrome de Williams; d) Guia de orientações a professores para manejo comportamental de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Williams em sala de aula. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três fases: Fase I: avaliação inicial mediante uso dos instrumentos acima; Fase II: implementação do guia de orientações a professores para manejo comportamental das crianças e adolescentes em sala de aula com duração de quatro meses e acompanhamento quinzenal junto ao professor da aplicação do guia e, Fase III: avaliação final de padrões comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade/impulsividade. Os principais resultados mostraram caso-a-caso que todas as crianças, com exceção da criança número 4, diminuíram os problemas de comportamento conforme a escala Benczik. Já estes mesmos resultados não se verificaram com a mesma estabilidade em todas as crianças mediante aplicação do TRF/6-18. As estratégias do guia parecem ter sido seguidas adequadamente pelos professores de três das cinco crianças, sendo justificado que a impossibilidade de cumprimento de outras estratégias deu-se pela rigidez da rotina escolar e cronograma de aulas, a falta de tempo, falta de material pedagógico adequado às necessidades específicas de escolarização da criança e falta de apoio familiar, dentre outros. Conclui-se que o guia de orientações desenvolvido pode ser uma tentativa de manejo de contingências de baixo custo que, pelos resultados obtidos, pode ser utilizada pelos professores de acordo com as orientações estabelecidas o que mostra sua viabilidade de uso no contexto de sala de aula da amostra envolvida.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larissa Aguiar Silva.pdf: 2060546 bytes, checksum: 509f4a007093ede4075a937cd69bde08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-17 / Prader-willi syndrome (pws) presents a complex clinical condition characterized by several alterations and endocrine, hypothalamic, metabolic, cognitive and behavioral disorders. One of the main symptoms of this disease is hyperphagia, being responsible for the increased risk for the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine and respiratory dysfunctions. Many behavior problems of people with pws are associated to hypothalamic dysfunctions related to inhibitory control that lead to development of behavior patterns of aggressiveness and manipulation for obtaining food. Caregivers of people with pws must establish environments with rigorous controls of food stimulation to avoid overstated caloric intakes. The objective of this study was to verify behavior problems and information of dietary intake of a group of people with prader-willi syndrome. The specific objectives were: a) verify the dietary intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as the nutritional status of the group according to age groups. B) identify associations among dietary intake and nutritional monitoring of the group according to age groups. C) verify and compare behavior problems and associations with dietary intake among age groups. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and was composed by a sample of 22 people of both genders with pws (children, adolescents and adults aged at least 1 year old and maximum of 22) and their caregivers (project approved by ethics committee in research with human beings as the protocol - process cep/upm caae n. 34649314.2.0000.0084). The instruments of data collection were: a) instruments of nutritional, behavioral and physical assessment belonging to the protocol of evaluation of people with pws of department of kinesiology of college ofhealth and human development of california state university, fullerton; b) nutrition screen and intake form; c) 24-hour recall (24hr); d) verification of body mass index (bmi); e) brief problem monitor - parent form for ages 6-18 (bpm-p). The main results indicate the prevalence of several behavior problems assessed by instruments that evaluate this variable, with predominance of this problems in the group above 11 years old. Similar data were obtained regarding the dietary intake. More than 80% of total sample performed nutritional monitoring, however were verified indicative correlation that the greater the age, greater the dietary intake, especially of macronutrients. Also the higher age group makes a greater number of meals out home. In adolescence and adult age Externalizing behavior problems as challenge, aggressiveness and perserverative answers characterized more consistently the behavioral phenotype of pws. These are problems that when associated with the main symptom of disease, hyperphagia, complicate the management of people with pws, especially in relation to food access. It s likely that increased intake of macronutrients, especially energy and lipids, are associated with these behavior problems in people with pws over 11 years old. It's concluded from data that in the sample there are indicators of behavior problems and dietary intake that require multiprofessional interventions on people with pws and their family members focusing on dietary/nutritional, psychological, endocrinological and family social aspects. / A síndrome de prader-willi (spw) apresenta um quadro clínico complexo caracterizado por diversas alterações e disfunções endócrinas, hipotalâmicas, metabólicas, cognitivas e comportamentais. Um dos sintomas cardinais da doença é a hiperfagia, sendo responsável pelo aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento de obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, endocrinológicas e disfunções respiratórias. Muitos dos problemas de comportamento de pessoas com spw se associam a disfunções hipotalâmicas relacionadas ao controle inibitório que oportunizam o desenvolvimento de padrões comportamentais de agressividade e comportamentos de manipulação para a obtenção de alimentos. Cuidadores de pessoas com spw precisam estabelecer ambientes com controles rigorosos dos estímulos alimentares para evitar ingestões calóricas exageradas destes. O objetivo geral do estudo foi verificar problemas de comportamento e informações sobre consumo alimentar de um grupo de pessoas com spw. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) verificar o consumo alimentar de macronutrientes e micronutrientes, assim como do estado nutricional do grupo em função de faixas etárias. B) identificar associações entre o consumo alimentar e o uso de serviços de acompanhamento nutricional do grupo em função de faixas etárias. C) verificar e comparar entre faixas etárias problemas de comportamento e associações com o consumo alimentar. O estudo adotou um delineamento do tipo transversal e foi composto por uma amostra de 22 participantes ambos os sexos com spw (entre crianças, adolescentes e adultos, com idade mínima de 1 ano e máxima de 22) e seus respectivos cuidadores (projeto aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa com seres humanos conforme o protocolo - processo cep/upm caae n° 34649314.2.0000.0084). Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: a) instrumentos do protocolo de avaliação nutricional, comportamental e física pertencentes ao protocolo de avaliação de pessoas com spw do departamento de cinesiologia da escola de saúde e desenvolvimento humano da universidade estadual da califórnia, fullerton; b) formulário de ingestão e rastreio nutricional (firn)/ nutrition screen and intake form; c) recordatório de 24 horas (r24h); d) verificação de índice de massa corporal (imc); e) monitor abreviado de problemas para pais de crianças e adolescentes entre 6 e 18 anos/brief problem monitor parent Form for ages 6-18 (bpm-p). Os principais resultados apontam para a prevalência de diversos problemas de comportamento verificados nos instrumentos que avaliam essa variável com predomínio destes no grupo de participantes acima de 11 anos. Dados semelhantes foram obtidos em relação ao consumo alimentar. Mais de 80% do total da amostra realizava acompanhamento nutricional, entretanto verificaram-se correlações indicativas de que quanto maior a idade, mais elevados foram os indicadores de consumo alimentar, especialmente os macronutrientes. Também o grupo de maior idade realiza um número maior de refeições fora de casa do tipo fast food . Na adolescência e idade adulta problemas de comportamento de tipo externalizantes como desafio, agressividade e respostas perserverativas caracterizam de maneira mais consistente o fenótipo comportamental da spw. Trata-se de problemas que, quando associados ao sintoma cardinal da doença, a hiperfagia, dificultam o manejo de pessoas com spw, especialmente em relação ao acesso a alimentos. É provável que o aumento da ingesta de macronutrientes, especialmente energia e lipídeos, esteja associado a esses problemas de comportamento dos participantes acima de 11 anos. Conclui-se a partir dos dados que no grupo há indicadores de problemas de comportamento e consumo alimentar que demandam intervenções multiprofissionais nos participantes com spw e seus familiares com foco em aspectos dietéticos/nutricionais, psicológicos, endocrinológicos e sócio familiares.

L’émergence de la sexualité chez certains enfants peut se faire de façon inquiétante. C’est le cas lorsqu’ils présentent des comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) envers d’autres enfants et que ces comportements sont caractérisés par la présence d’indices de sévérité comme la coercition, la persistance malgré les interventions et lorsqu’ils causent de la détresse émotionnelle, etc. Parmi d’autres, la littérature scientifique soutient que deux facteurs représentent des défisimportants : 1) la présence de difficultés concomitantes; 2) la mobilisation dans l’intervention qui se manifeste par un taux d’attrition élevé. Toutefois, peu d’études ont porté sur les dimensions qui évoluent dans le cadre d’une intervention spécialisée, particulièrement sur les autres difficultés qui se manifestent souvent chez ces enfants de façon concomitante. Ainsi, considérant les différentes difficultés vécues par ces enfants, il apparait important de noter si elles diminuent en intensité, tout comme les CSP, à la suite de la psychothérapie. De surcroît, considérant le taux d’attrition élevé dans les programmes destinés aux jeunes en difficulté, il s’avère pertinent de comprendre quels éléments sont susceptibles de prédire la non-complétion. La présente étude vise trois principaux objectifs : 1) décrire l’échantillon étudié, de même que les difficultés vécues par les enfants se manifestant en parallèle à leurs CSP ; 2) évaluer si les CSP et les difficultés concomitantes diffèrent à la suite de la thérapie ; 3) identifier les facteurs associés à la non-complétion de la psychothérapie. Cette recherche permet donc d’avoir une vision plus globale des différences entre le début et la fin de la thérapie quant aux difficultés éprouvées par ces enfants provenant de milieux variés. Elle permet également d’avoir une compréhension plus approfondie des enfants, mais plus globalement des familles qui ne complètent pas la thérapie leur étant destinée. L’échantillon initial est composé de 67 dyades parents-enfants référées dans un service de psychothérapie spécialisée en CSP. La psychothérapie adoptée étant d’approche cognitive comportementale, elle impliquait la participation d’une figure parentale et visait la gestion des CSP et la communication parent-enfant. Ces dyades ont été évaluées selon un devis à deux temps de mesure, impliquant des entrevues individuelles avant et après la psychothérapie. Les enfants, de même que les parents ont rempli différents questionnaires standardisés, portant notamment sur le développement de l’enfant et sur son comportement. Les résultats de la recherche révèlent des effets bénéfiques de la psychothérapie. Les enfants qui complètent la psychothérapie vivent davantage en situation de placement et ne sont pas accompagnés d’un parent biologique lors des rencontres, en comparaison à ceux qui ne la complètent pas. Aucune variable retenue dans la présente étude ne permet toutefois de prédire la non-complétion de la thérapie. Ces résultats sont discutés en considérant les implications pour la recherche et les interventions. / Sexual development can be worrisome in certain children, in particular when sexual behavior problems toward others are manifested. Such behaviors are characterized by the presence of severity indexes such as coercion, emotional distress, persistence despite interventions, etc. Among others, the scientific literature highlights two important challenges in children with SBP: 1) the presence of concomitant difficulties; 2) mobilization during the intervention as manifested by a high dropout rate. However, few studies have examined the outcomes of specialized intervention on difficulties manifested in conjunction to SBP. Considering the variety of concomitant difficulties experienced by these children, it seems important to assess the influence of psychotherapy on the intensity of these problems. Moreover, given the high rate of attrition in intervention behavior problems in children, it is important to understand the factors that might predict dropout. The aim of this study is : 1) to describe the sample, as well as difficulties that are manifested in conjunction to SBP; 2) assess changes in SBP as well as in other difficulties after psychotherapy (internalizing and externalizing behaviors problems, post-traumatic symptoms, dissociation, self-esteem, depression, anxiety and social problems); 3) to identify factors associated with the dropout of psychotherapy. This research provides a more holistic comprehension of the differences between the beginning and the end of therapy with respect to the difficulties experienced by children with SBP, which are coming from a variety of backgrounds. It also allows for a deeper understanding of those children, but more generally their families who do not complete the therapy. The initial sample is composed of 67 parent-child dyads referred to a specialized cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for children with SBP. The psychotherapy required the participation of a parental figure and aimed the management of SBP as well as parent-child communication. Data were obtained during individual interview prior and post psychotherapy. The children as well as the parents both completed different standardized questionnaires, regarding the child’s development and his behavior. The results of the research indicate beneficial effects of psychotherapy on SBP and on other indicators of distress. Furthermore, the study has shown that children who complete psychotherapy are more likely to live in foster homes and to be accompanied by their biological parents when attending appointments as compared to those who drop out. However, no variables used in this study predict dropout during psychotherapy. These results are discussed while considering the implications for research and practice.

Introduction: The field of implementation science provides the variables adoption and reach, which can be used to evaluate aspects to access, a primary incitement for integrated care. This study compared two integrated models: In Year 1, behavioral health consultants worked collaboratively with pediatricians to provide brief on-the-spot consultations to patients with behavioral concerns, and in Year 2, a structured, evidence-based treatment (EBT), the Family Check-Up, was developed to be delivered in conjunction with the existing collaborative model. Method: A chart review revealed the number of children who (a) attended a 4- to 5-year-old well-visit, (B) were screened, (c) were identified as having behavior problems, (d) were referred, and (e) accessed the services. Outcomes were calculated as percentages of children with behavioral concerns who were referred to (adoption) and received (reach) the services in each year. Results: Key findings were that (a) physician referrals increased when an EBT was added, but (b) patients had better first-session contact with the brief approach than the EBT, which few patients completed. Discussion: Results underscore the utility of measuring adoption and reach as partial indicators of access to services. These are accessible variables, collected in every practice that can be measured routinely in the context of quality improvement and, ideally, reported in studies as a way to disseminate knowledge about how to build behavioral health technology into primary care. Future research should strive for more rigor in measuring adoption and reach, and consider including a number of other implementation outcomes.

Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim Rodrigues / Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi descrever, comparar e correlacionar, de famílias nucleares e não nucleares, as práticas educativas parentais, a saúde emocional materna e problemas de comportamento das crianças. Quatro estudos foram realizados, a partir do relato de múltiplos informantes: 62 mães, 25 professoras e 62 crianças com faixa etária entre oito e 11 anos. Os instrumentos foram: Inventário de Estilos Parentais, Inventário de Depressão Beck, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades e entrevista sobre dados sociodemográficos. O Estudo 1 analisou problemas de comportamento de crianças de famílias nucleares e não nucleares sob o ponto de vista de mães e professores. Os resultados apontaram que ambas informantes observaram comportamentos pró-sociais nas crianças, independente do grupo. Mães dos dois grupos perceberam de forma semelhante os problemas de comportamento dos filhos e, mais do que os professores e estes relataram significativamente mais problemas de comportamento das crianças do grupo não-nuclear. O Estudo 2 descreveu e comparou práticas educativas de mães de famílias não-nucleares e não nucleares associando-a a saúde emocional materna. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das mães da amostra total foi classificada com estilo parental de risco, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. As mães de famílias não nucleares utilizaram significativamente mais a prática de Abuso Físico. Quanto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The general objective of this study was to describe, compare and correlate, of nuclear and non-nuclear families, parental educational practices, maternal emotional health and behavior problems of children. Four studies were conducted based on the report of multiple informants: 62 mothers, 25 teachers and 62 children aged between eight and 11 years old. The instruments were: Parental Styles Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Dash-State Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Capabilities and Difficulties Questionnaire and interview about sociodemographic data. The search 1 analyzed child behavior problems from nuclear and non-nuclear families from the point of view of mothers and teachers. The results showed that both informants observed prosocial behaviors in the children, regardless of the group. Mothers from both groups perceived similarly the behavior problems of their children and, more than teachers and these reported significantly more behavioral problems of children in the non-nuclear group. The search 2 described and compared educational practices of mothers from nuclear and non-nuclear families associating her with maternal emotional health. The results showed that the majority of mothers in the total sample were classified as at risk parental style, without significant difference between the groups. The Mothers from non-nuclear families used the practice of Physical Abuse significantly more. Regarding maternal emotional health, it is noteworthy that stress and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor