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Today, outdoor air quality occupies an important place into civic dialogue because of the many impacts of atmospheric pollution on health. Different legislations and strategies have thus been implemented across the world to improve outdoor air quality. Analysing and comparing the different strategies can help adopting the best practices in favour of air quality. In France, in particular, the national air quality policy is reflected at a regional scale through legislative documents called Atmosphere Protection Plans (PPAs). The analysis of such a document thus represents a powerful way to assess a regional air quality policy. Here, Normandie’s PPA has been analysed through a literature review, working meetings as well as qualitative interviews. The study highlighted that Normandie’s air quality policy had to answer a complex legislative ecosystem of international, national and local documents. The analysis also underlined that the questions of the perimeter of action of the policy and the targeted pollutants were as central as the measures implemented to improve air quality. The working meetings and the qualitative interviews led to consensus that Normandie’s air quality policy should target 3 atmospheric pollutants: nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 10 and particulate matter 2.5. If road traffic has been identified as the major emitting source of the first, particulate matter emitting sources were pointed as varied and multi-sectoral. Finally, some measures of Normandie’s air quality policy appeared to be particularly efficient and advanced, such as agricultural measures. Yet, many difficulties were encountered when implementing several measures of the policy. The main difficulties were the lack of financial resources, the lack of project leader and the lack of technical expertise. More than a basic analysis of an air quality public policy, these results can also be perceived as a sharing of experience on how a region addresses air quality issues. Because a work of collection of best practices and best strategies to improve air quality is more than ever needed, further research can build on this study to elaborate a relevant air quality policy. / Luftkvaliteten visar den antropogena nedbrytningen av det naturliga tillståndet för luft. Detta ämne har spelat en allt viktigare roll i den offentliga debatten under de senaste decennierna, på grund av de olika effekterna som luftföroreningar har på hälsan. I denna masteruppsats har Normandies politik för luftkvalitet analyserats. I Frankrike regleras nationell luftkvalitetspolitik i regional skala genom lagstiftningsdokument som kallas Atmosphere Protection Plan (PPA). Analysen av detta dokument gör det möjligt att bedöma den regionala luftkvalitetspolitiken. Således har hela studien baserats på analysen av Normandies PPA.  Här har Normandies PPA analyserats genom litteraturöversikt, arbetsmöten och kvalitativa intervjuer. Först och främst belyste litteraturöversikten att Normandies PPA måste ta hänsyn till ett komplext lagstiftningsekosystem, allt från internationell till lokal skala. I synnerhet är Normandies PPA-huvudmål att uppnå de tröskelvärden som definieras av de europeiska direktiven.  I ett andra steg tillät en granskning av PPA från sex franska regioner att jämföra Normandies luftkvalitetspolitik med andra regioners politik. Under denna fas har såväl strukturer dokumenterats som de presenterade åtgärderna utvärderats med avseende på strukturerna och åtgärderna för de andra PPA. I synnerhet har återkommande kategorier och underavsnitt identifierats i de sex PPA. Dessutom tycktes motiveringen av applikationomkrets vara central, liksom de riktade atmosfäriska föroreningarna. På samma sätt tillät jämförelsen av åtgärderna för de sex PPA att identifiera de relevanta och banbrytande åtgärderna i Normandies PPA, som tillhör hamnsektorn och de sektorsövergripande åtgärderna. Omvänt verkade åtgärderna av Normandies PPA vara otillfredsställande inom industri- och transportsektorn.  En mer fördjupad analys genomfördes genom arbetsmöten och kvalitativa intervjuer. Flera frågor har bedömts, till exempel applikationomkrets och PPAs struktur. I synnerhet har man dragit slutsatsen att minskningen av applikationomkretsen som Normandie avsåg var relevant och förhindrade PPAs komplikationer. Dessutom påpekade deltagarna att om Normandies PPA-struktur var ganska tydlig, saknades fortfarande viktiga underavsnitt i Normandies PPA och de bör läggas till.  Arbetsmötena liksom de kvalitativa intervjuerna gjorde det också möjligt att ta upp frågan om de riktade föroreningarna och deras källor. Alla deltagare och intervjuade gick med på att rikta in NO2, PM10 och PM2.5 i Normandies PPA. Integrationen av SO2 och O3 har dock diskuterats mer, den första har endast släppts ut i skadlig mängd under industriella olyckor, och den andra var för svår att hantera eftersom den är en sekundär förorening. När det gäller utsläppskällorna visade studien att en hög atmosfärisk koncentration av NO2 främst berodde på vägtrafik. Utsläppskällorna PM10 och PM2.5 identifierades som mer varierade och flersektoriella.  Slutligen tillät de kvalitativa intervjuerna att avgöra vilka åtgärder av Normandies PPA som har slutförts eller inte, och att identifiera varför. Åtgärder inom jordbrukssektorn nämndes som de mest avancerade åtgärderna i Normandies PPA. Omvänt har två åtgärder övergivits helt, en inom hamnsektorn, den andra inom transportsektorn. Några skäl som förklarade varför alla åtgärder inte har genomförts var bristen på ekonomiska resurser, bristen på projektledare och bristen på teknisk expertis. Mer allmänt verkar det vara avgörande att involvera de olika intressenterna från varje utsläppssektor och sätta dem runt ett bord för att skapa effektiva åtgärder till förmån för luftkvaliteten.

Theory: - Controlling - its function and structure - Costs Analytical part: - Cost variance tracking and evaluation of its monthly prediction - Proposal of best practices for cost variance prediction done on monthly basis

The focus of this research was to investigate the use of a district created formative benchmark assessment in reading to predict student achievement for 10th-grade students on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) in one county in north central Florida. The purpose of the study was to provide information to high school principals and teachers to better understand how students were performing and learning and to maximize use of the formative district benchmark assessment in order to modify instruction and positively impact student achievement. This study expanded a prior limited study which correlated district benchmark assessment scores to FCAT scores for students in grades three through five in five elementary schools in the targeted county. The high correlations suggested further study. This research focused on secondary reading, specifically in 10th grade where both state and targeted county FCAT scores were low in years preceding this research. Investigated were (a) the district formative assessment in reading as a predictor of FCAT Reading scores, (b) differences in strength of correlation and prediction among student subgroups and between high schools, and (c) any relationships between reading formative assessment scores and Mathematics FCAT scores. An additional focus of this study was to determine best leadership practices in schools where there were the highest correlations between the formative assessment and FCAT Reading scores. Research on best practices was reviewed, and principals were interviewed to determine trends and themes in practice. Tenth grade students in the seven Florida targeted district high schools were included in the study. The findings of the study supported the effective use of formative assessments both in instruction and as predictors of students' performance on the FCAT. The results of the study also showed a significant correlation between performance on the reading formative assessment and performance on FCAT Mathematics. The data indicated no significant differences in the strength of correlation between student subgroups or between the high schools included in the study. Additionally, the practices of effective principals in using formative assessment data to inform instruction, gathered through personal interviews, were documented and described.

The procurement function accounts for the largest total amount of organisational expenditure. This fact notwithstanding, the function is still referred to as non-strategic and is often subordinate to finance in the public or service sectors, and is therefore considered as a non-value-adding task in some organisations. Despite the fact that renowned scholars have revealed that organisations may eliminate waste, realise more prospects and cut costs if they implement procurement best practices. It is reported that few organisations have adopted procurement best practices, especially in the public sector. In South Africa, public universities face numerous procurement challenges, such as procurement irregularities and wasteful expenditure of resources and money. Corruption and maladministration in the procurement system have been noticed, which involves among others, the payment of suppliers, owned or co-owned by university employees who have failed to declare their interest when providing services to the university. This study determines whether South African comprehensive universities conduct procurement according to the best practices. In order to investigate the problem, an exploratory study was carried out in two phases. The first phase comprised the literature study, while the second phase entailed an empirical study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using open-ended questions. The findings of the study revealed that that some participating South African comprehensive universities do not conduct their procurement according to procurement best practices and consequently do not contribute sufficiently to the university’s overall objectives for competitive advantage and sustainability. While others displayed elementary initiatives in the adoption of procurement best practices, some universities had developed turnaround strategies for implementing procurement best practices. The slow progression can be attributed to the rigid, cumbersome and unclear public procurement policies that govern procurement in South Africa. So, comprehensive universities face diverse challenges in the adoption of procurement best practices. A framework for implementing procurement best practices in South African Comprehensive universities was developed. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

La fonction paternelle d’ouverture sur le monde (FPOM) est un concept récent dans le domaine de la recherche sur l’engagement paternel. Les liens entre les pratiques parentales et les représentations mentales qui sont associées à cette forme d’engagement paternel, les comportements et le développement des enfants sont peu connus. Cette étude transversale avait pour objet l’atteinte de deux objectifs, d’abord vérifier les liens prédictifs entre les dimensions de la FPOM, le sentiment de compétence parentale (SCP) des pères et la qualité de la relation d’attachement père-enfant. Ensuite, examiner le rôle potentiellement modérateur du SCP des pères sur les liens significatifs entre les dimensions de la FPOM et la qualité de la relation d’attachement père-enfant. Les données proviennent d’un échantillon de 200 pères québécois francophones ayant répondu à un questionnaire autorévélé. Leur enfant était âgé entre 5 et 13 ans (1ere à 6e année du primaire). Des modèles de régression linéaire hiérarchique ont été utilisés pour vérifier l’influence de l’effet modérateur. Les résultats montrent des corrélations positives significatives entre les dimensions « stimulation à la persévérance » et « discipline et enseignement des responsabilités » de la FPOM et la qualité de la relation d’attachement père-enfant. Les dimensions de la stimulation à la prise de risque et à la compétition de la FPOM ne sont pas corrélées à la qualité de la relation d’attachement père-enfant. Contrairement aux résultats attendus, le SCP des pères n’a pas d’effet modérateur sur les liens significatifs obtenus, mais plutôt un effet additif se traduisant par la présence de relations transactionnelles entre les variables. Des analyses complémentaires révèlent un effet modérateur marginalement significatif du SCP des pères sur le lien entre la stimulation à la persévérance de la FPOM et l’échelle « plaisir et sécurité » du questionnaire sur la qualité de la relation d’attachement père-enfant (QQRAPE). La propension des pères à stimuler leur enfant à persévérer émerge plus particulièrement lors d’activités ludiques et elle contribue au développement du sentiment de confiance et de sécurité personnelle de leur enfant. Ces résultats sont discutés en regard de la littérature actuelle afin de mieux comprendre les liens entre les variables. / The Paternal Openness to the World Function (POWF) is a recent concept in the father involvement field of research. Links between parental practices and mental representations associated with this form of father involvement, children behaviors and development have yet to be known. This cross-sectional study addressed two objectives. First, to verify the predictive links between the dimensions of the POWF, the fathers Parental Sense Of Competence (PSOC) and the father-child attachment relationship quality. Second, to examine the potential moderator role of the fathers PSOC on the significative links between the dimensions of the POWF and the father-child attachment relationship quality. The data come from a sample of 200 french speaking fathers who filled out a self-reported questionnary. Their child was between 5 (first grade) and 13 years old (sixth grade). Hierarchical linear regression models were used to verify the influence of the moderator effect. The results show significative positive links between the dimensions of “perseverance stimulation” and “disciplinary and tasks teaching” of the POWF and the father-child attachment relationship quality. The dimensions of risk taking and competition stimulation of the POWF are not correlated to the father-child attachment relationship quality. Contrary to expected results, the fathers PSOC has no moderator effect on the significative links, but rather an additive effect which can be translated has transactional relationships between these variables. Complementary analyses reveal a marginally significative moderator effect of the fathers PSOC on the link between perseverance stimulation of the POWF and the “pleasure and security” scale of the Father-Child Attachment Relationship Quality Questionnary (FCARQQ). The fathers propension to stimulate their child to persevere emerge more particularly in playfull activities and contribute to the development of the felling of confidence and personnal security of their child. Results are discussed in light of actual literature in order the have a better understanding of the links between these variables.

[pt] O Ensino e a prática em áreas tão próximas como Design e Arquitetura apresentam aspectos comuns e aspectos específicos de cada uma das áreas. Os depoimentos e opiniões deste trabalho foram obtidos em levantamentos bibliográficos, estudos de caso e entrevistas realizadas junto a profissionais que atuam em Design e Arquitetura. Como projetistas iniciam e desenvolvem seus projetos, se relacionam com os clientes, as prescrições e necessidades, locais e o trabalho em equipe. A união das áreas de conhecimento e os processos de produção, a tecnologia e os materiais e suas importâncias para designers e arquitetos. O ensino em Design e Arquitetura, profissionais que ensinam e estudos de caso de disciplinas de Projeto nas duas áreas. As interações nas formas de ensinar e de projetar em Design e Arquitetura. / [en] Teaching and best practices in Design and Architecture introduce common and specific aspects related to these areas. The testimonials and opinions in this work were obtained through bibliographic, cases studies and interviews conducted with professionals in the Design and Architecture field. As project leaders they develop their projects, interact with clients, define project requirements and the team dynamics. The unification of: knowledge, production processes, technology, required resources and their importance to Designers and Architects. This work addresses the academic approaches applied by lecturers, case studies and best practices adopted by active professionals in Design and Architecture. As well as the interactions between Design and Architecture academic and practical approaches.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T12:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO GULIAS RUFINO DE FREITAS.pdf: 2140333 bytes, checksum: 1e937a0df855e15ff38bbf36da286844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T12:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO GULIAS RUFINO DE FREITAS.pdf: 2140333 bytes, checksum: 1e937a0df855e15ff38bbf36da286844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-02 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / Traditionally, Information Security (IS) and Quality of Service (QoS), which means the capacity of a service to satisfy the needs of a user, have been considered separately, with different purposes and needs. However, the service levels that are advertised and expected for both are strongly linked. In this sense, despite the improvement in the performance of communication and of the confidentiality, integrity and the availability of data trafficked having greater premise, there still is no standardization for the joint and efficient use of IS and QoS. There are also no defined metrics or indicators that allow for this grouped measurement. This study proposed and tested a model for the management of communication networks, based on the best practices of the library for Information Technology Service Management (ITSM), Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), having the novelty of using the information security risk management process, from the 27005 (Risk Management) standard, in conjunction with a list of requirements checks of QoS and controls from the 27002 (Code of Practice) standard. This study looks to find the equilibrium between IS, performance and productivity. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of this proposal decreasing by approximately 16%, the number of incidents directly linked to IS and QoS, detected and solved in a proactive manner. / Tradicionalmente, Seguran?a da Informa??o (SI) e Qualidade de Servi?o (Quality of Service (QoS)), que significa a capacidade de um servi?o para satisfazer as necessidades do usu?rio, t?m sido consideradas, separadamente, com diferentes prop?sitos e necessidades. No entanto, os n?veis de servi?os anunciados e esperados por ambos est?o fortemente ligados. Nesse sentido, apesar da melhoria no desempenho da comunica??o e da confidencialidade, integridade e disponibilidade dos dados transportados serem premissas maiores, ainda n?o h? uma padroniza??o para um uso conjunto e eficiente entre SI e QoS. Tamb?m n?o h? uma defini??o de m?tricas ou indicadores que possibilitem essa medi??o agrupada. No presente trabalho, prop?e-se e testa-se um modelo de gerenciamento de redes de telecomunica??es, baseado nas melhores pr?ticas da biblioteca de Gerenciamento de Servi?os de Tecnologia da Informa??o (GSTI), Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), tendo como novidade a utiliza??o do processo de gest?o de riscos de seguran?a da informa??o, da norma 27005 (Gest?o de riscos), em conjun??o com uma lista de verifica??es de requisitos de QoS e controles da norma 27002 (C?digo de pr?ticas). Este trabalho busca o equil?brio entre SI, desempenho e produtividade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a efetividade da proposta com uma diminui??o aproximada de 16%, da quantidade de incidentes diretamente ligados ? SI e QoS, detectados e solucionados de forma proativa.