The bilateral deficit can be described as when the sum of two unilateral movements exceeds the bilateral output. If the sum does not exceed the bilateral output, a bilateral facilitation is present. Little research has been done in males and females comparison of the bilateral deficit. The purpose of the current study was therefore to compare the bilateral deficit between sexes in a 1 repetition maximum (RM) leg press. Twenty participants, ten males and ten females, were recruited (23.4±2.1 years, 71.2±13.1 kg, 172.2±8.9 cm) and seventeen of them completed the study. The test consisted of two testing sessions (one unilateral with preferred leg, and one bilateral session) with seven days in between. The 1 RM was attained within six attempts, with a three minutes rest between every attempt. The current study showed a bilateral deficit of males (5.6±4.6%) and a bilateral facilitation of females (0.6±5.9%). There was a significant difference between sexes of p=0.031 (p<0.05). Previous studies have examined males and females separately, with different methods and protocols. This study used the same method and protocol in both sexes. Some suggestions of the mechanisms behind the deficit have been proposed and may explain the current findings, but further studies are needed. Future research needs to continue to explore and explain the sex difference in the bilateral strength deficit.

No description available.

This thesis explores how Danish aid policies have been implemented to support poverty alleviation through participatory approaches in bilateral aid. I have chosen to look at bilateral aid, in particular Danish bilateral development assistance to India during a specific period: the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. The reasons for this are threefold: firstly, I was posted to the Danish Embassy in New Delhi during that time and had direct and detailed experience of the projects I have used as my case studies. Secondly, the period represents a time when the Danish aid agency, Danida, posted advisers who could potentially influence the participatory approaches used in the projects. Finally, although aid policies have changed over the years, many of the principles guiding the policies, and in particular the mechanisms driving the delivery of aid, remain the same – bilateral (and multilateral) aid is delivered through bureaucracies with the purpose of improving conditions for people in recipient countries. The thesis looks at the purpose and character of the ideal bureaucracy, as perceived by Max Weber, as a benchmark for the development and variations in Danish and Indian bureaucracies during the decade in question. I show that differences between the bureaucracies are influenced by the differences in the history and cultural traditions of Denmark and India. This influences the relationship in the implementation of bilateral development aid in this period, as in any other. I consider the functions of the bureaucracy with respect to policy, planning, and implementation of development aid, and how these functions differ in Denmark and India. Participation is at the centre of this thesis; therefore the thesis looks at the history of participation and the aspiration to participate in development aid. I have chosen to work with two main interpretations of participation: empowering participation and instrumental participation. I find that the Danish aid policy leans toward empowering participation, while in practice instrumental participation is used in the implementation of the aid. Despite a vast literature on participation, I find that participation as a concept is ambiguous. In considering the relationship between participation and bureaucracy, I find that it is not an easy one. I show that there are fundamental and paradigmatic incompatibilities if participation is meant to empower the groups targeted for aid. The theories of bureaucracy and participation are tested against the actual progress of four Danish-supported water and sanitation projects in four different Indian states. While describing events in the projects as they unfolded, I bear in mind a number of questions relating to interpretation of policies and variations in the same; how the Danish and Indian bureaucracies influenced and controlled the implementation of aid; relationships with local power structures; and finally, about the accomplishments of the projects. The questions are further analysed and answered in the concluding chapter of the thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:37:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3732_1.pdf: 796069 bytes, checksum: b67c936518f275d45c1a1601810e1d3c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho busca fazer um estudo sobre a negociação na logística. Para isso, apresenta estes dois assuntos separadamente para depois discuti-los untos. Na apresentação da logística são apresentados conceitos básicos como o de cadeia de suprimento, evolução, operadores logísticos, parcerias, entre outros. Já em negociação são exibidas as principais classificações, alguns trabalhos atuais, além do modelo que mais adiante é utilizado neste trabalho. Também se discute outros tipos de negociação logística e apresenta um modelo que serve como referência para o estudo, escolhido principalmente por possuir uma versatilidade que auxilia na adaptação, além de algumas vantagens conceituais diante de outros apresentados. A estruturação do modelo é discutida em torno de suas variáveis e parâmetros, realizando uma conversão dos termos técnicos da modelagem para uma abordagem logística, com um direcionamento do modelo genérico para as nuances do raciocínio logístico. Por fim, é apresentada uma utilização do modelo e uma empresa de processamento de algodão, adaptando a negociação de compra do insumo e realizando algumas simulações computacionais, a fim de observar o funcionamento diante de um caso real

The major goal of this paper is to study the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract. The proposed problem was separated into two parts in this thesis. The first deals with the deregulated electricity market, where Generation Company and Distribution Company will be permitted to establish bilateral service contracts in the market. The Independent System Operator (ISO) has an overall responsibility to execute these bilateral contracts as far as the operating conditions permit. In this thesis, the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract is formulated as minimization of deviations from transaction requests made by market participants. In addition, various constraints consisting of capacity coupling, spinning reserve capacity and transmission line constraints are explicitly taken into account. We also consider the impact of transmission congestion and environmental constraints. DC load flow and interior point (IP) methods were used in solving this problem. According to various simulations, the proposed method is reliable and helpful for ISO¡¦s power dispatch. Second part of the thesis deals with the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, such as thyristor controlled series compensators and thyristor controlled phase shifters, under transmission congestion. Evolutionary Programming, known to avoid local convergence and achieve nearly global optimum, was used to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. FACTS installation tried to solve or improve congestion in the transmission network for bilateral contracts. It could also provide planning tools for system expansion for operators¡¦ references.

A novel control scheme for asymmetric bilateral teleoperation systems is developed based on linear models of the hardware, with two scenarios considered: i) only an upper bound on the time delay and ii) an upper and lower bounds on the time delay. Lyapunov based methods are used with linear matrix inequalities to prove that the system error is bounded between the manipulators. To ensure stability, a master side impedance matching controller is used. Simulations were conducted using the Matlab and Simulink platform to run the LMI code and simulate the system. Experiments were then conducted using actual hardware to verify the results, with deviations from imulation results. The variations were due to non-linearities in the hardware and model parameter approximation errors. Finally, suggestions for future work are made.

No description available.

FERNANDES, V. O. Prevalência de alterações vestibulares em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e sua relação com risco cardiometabólico. 2009. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Pública) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by Saúde Pública (msp@ufc.br) on 2017-10-25T16:25:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_vofernandes.pdf: 1257549 bytes, checksum: fd278458ce4dea0768b0eaf457e7af39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Carvalho (lolitaprado@ufc.br) on 2017-10-25T17:25:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_vofernandes.pdf: 1257549 bytes, checksum: fd278458ce4dea0768b0eaf457e7af39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T17:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_vofernandes.pdf: 1257549 bytes, checksum: fd278458ce4dea0768b0eaf457e7af39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a prevalent disorder that increases cardiovascular risk (CVR) and increases the risk to develop DM. Metabolic disorders are also related to vestibular symptoms as dizziness and vertigo. The inner ear spends much energy for its appropriate operation. Due to the high sensibility of the vestibular system, is very frequently the relationship between vestibular symptoms and metabolic abnormalities. This study intent to verify the occurrence of abnormalities in vestibular system using the vectoelectronystamography (VENG) in patients with metabolic disorders and its relationship with CVR. After a campaign to detect metabolic syndrome in a Health Center of Fortaleza, 78 individuals were evaluated. They were not diabetics or were using any medication. The age was 38.1 ± 10.7 years old and 74.4% were female. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 38% were diagnosed with MS and 62% did not. Those groups were matched for sex and age. In the analysis of MS components, measures of BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glucose at 120 minutes were significantly higher in MS patients, whereas HDL-C was lower. Other metabolic parameters evalueted as uric acid GT, ALT, AST, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in MS group. In the comparative analysis of both groups, the presence of vestibular disorders symptoms were found in 33.3% of the group without MS and in 63.3% of the MS group. When specific symptoms were analyzed, it was observed that the MS group reported most frequently dizziness and / or vertigo compared with the group without SM (p = 0.01). The findings of VENG in the MS group showed that 66.7% had anormal findings and Just against 20.8% of the group without MS. In MS group, we found a significantly higher prevalence of irritative disease than deficiency disease (p <0.0001). We conclude that patients with MS have a higher prevalence of vestibular-cochlear abnormalities comparing to individuals without MS. It occurs even in patients recently diagnosed and without other complications. That suggests that vestibular disorders are an early manifestation of MS. Thus, patients with vestibular complaints should be routinely investigated for metabolic abnormalities. / A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é uma condição de alta prevalência que aumenta o risco cardiovascular (RCV) e de desenvolvimento de DM. Os distúrbios metabólicos também são relacionados a sintomas vestibulares como tontura e vertigem. A orelha interna despende muita energia para seu adequado funcionamento, sendo freqüente a relação de sintomas vestibulares com alterações do sistema metabólico. Esse estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência de alterações do sistema vestibular diagnosticada pela vectoeletronistagmografia (VENG) em portadores de SM, correlacionando-os com fatores de RCV. Foram avaliados 78 indivíduos atendidos em uma Campanha para detecção de Síndrome Metabólica em um Centro de Saúde de Fortaleza. Nenhum deles era diabético ou fazia uso de qualquer medicação. A idade variou de 38,1±10,7 anos e 74,4% eram do sexo feminino. Após a avaliação clínica e laboratorial, observou-se que 38% eram portadores de SM e 62% não. Os grupos estavam pareados para sexo, idade. Na análise quanto aos componentes da SM, as medidas de IMC, circunferência abdominal, PA sistólica, PA diastólica, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum, glicemia aos 120 minutos foram significativamente mais elevadas no com SM, enquanto o HDL-C foi mais baixo. Observou-se também que outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados, como ácido úrico, GT, TGO, TGP, e HOMA-IR estavam significativamente mais elevados no grupo com SM. Na análise comparativa dos grupos quanto à presença de sintomas sugestivos de vestibulopatia, encontrou-se que 33,3% do grupo sem SM e 63,3% do grupo com SM apresentavam alguma sintomatologia. Quando analisados os sintomas específicos, observou-se que os indivíduos com SM referiram com maior frequência tontura e/ou vertigem, quando comparados com o grupo sem SM (p=0,01). Analisando os achados da VENG, encontrou-se que no grupo com SM 66,7% apresentavam VENG alterada contra 20,8% dos indivíduos sem SM. Nos indivíduos com SM, encontrou-se uma prevalência significativamente maior de doença irritativa que de doença deficitária (p<0,0001). Conclui-se que portadores de SM apresentam maior prevalência de alterações no aparelho vestibulo-coclear quando comparados a indivíduos sem SM, mesmo em pacientes com diagnóstico recente e sem outras complicações, sugerindo que as alterações no aparelho vestibular aparecem precocemente. Assim, pacientes com queixas de vestibulopatia deveriam ser rotineiramente investigados para a possibilidade de apresentarem alterações metabólicas

Os resultados das cirurgias corretivas estéticas para o alongamento da columela nem sempre obtém sucesso, persistindo algumas deformidades como o achatamento e alargamento nasal, columela curta e as grandes cicatrizes. Desta forma, a avaliação dos resultados cirúrgicos se faz necessária para alcançar a excelência na reconstrução nasal dos pacientes com FTIB. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da estética nasal após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela por meio da análise objetiva e subjetiva da face dos pacientes operados no HRAC. Para isto, avaliamos 70 pacientes com FTIB após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela, apresentando idade atual a realização deste trabalho (6-12 anos) e 60 pacientes sem fissura na mesma faixa etária (grupo controle). A análise objetiva foi realizada por meio de 4 medidas antropométricas do nariz nos pacientes com FTIB operados e no grupo controle. Observou-se que a medida AL-AL (largura nasal) em pacientes com FTIB apresentou-se maior quando comparada ao grupo controle (p<0,05); diferentemente, SN-PRN (projeção da ponta nasal) e SN-C (comprimento da columela) demonstrou ser menor (p<0,05). Somente a medida Sn`-Sn`(largura da columela) foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos (p>0,05). Assim, demonstrando que mesmo após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela, não foram corrigidas a largura nasal, projeção da ponta nasal e comprimento da columela. Para analise qualitativa utilizou-se escores de 1 a 5 para avaliar a forma nasal (largura nasal), a projeção da ponta nasal e o comprimento da columela nos pacientes com FTIB antes e após a cirurgia. Observou-se que a aparência nasal melhorou após a cirurgia restabelecendo a harmonia e estética do nariz em grande parte dos pacientes. No entanto muitos pacientes continuaram com a aparência nasal pobre mesmo após a reparação cirúrgica. Da mesma forma, resultados semelhantes foram evidenciados na avaliação qualitativa da forma das narinas utilizando a classificação de Topinard. Desta forma, conclui-se que a cirurgia de alongamento de columela melhora a estética nasal, porém em muitos pacientes esta não conseguiu restabelecer por completo a forma nasal. / The results of aesthetic corrective surgeries for lengthening the columella are not always well succeed, remaining some deformities as nasal flattening and widening, short columella and large scars. In this way, the evaluation of surgical outcomes is needed to reach the excellence in nasal reconstruction in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the quality of nasal aesthetics after surgical lengthening of columella by means of objective and subjective analysis of the face of the patients at HRAC For this, we evaluated 70 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate after surgery columella elongation, current age presenting this work (6-12 years) and 60 patients without cleft at same age (control group). The objective analysis was performed using 4 anthropometric measurements of the nose in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate operated and control group. It was observed that the measured AL-AL (nasal width) in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate was higher compared to the control group (p<0.05); differently, SN-PRN (projection of the nasal tip) and SN-C (length of the columella) demonstrated to be lower (p<0.05). Just Sn-Sn (width of the columella) was similar in both groups (p>0.05). Thus, demonstrating that even after surgical lengthening the columella were not corrected nasal width, nasal tip projection and columella length. For qualitative analysis, we used scores 1-5 to evaluate the nasal form (nasal width), the projection of the nasal tip and columella length in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate before and after surgery. It was observed an improvement in nasal appearance after surgery and aesthetic harmony restoring the nose in most patients. However many patients continued with poor nasal appearance after surgical repair. Similar results were found in the qualitative evaluation of the nostrils shape using Topinard classification. In this way, we conclude that lengthening surgery of nasal columella improves aesthetics, but in many patients it failed to restore completely the nasal form.

Os resultados das cirurgias corretivas estéticas para o alongamento da columela nem sempre obtém sucesso, persistindo algumas deformidades como o achatamento e alargamento nasal, columela curta e as grandes cicatrizes. Desta forma, a avaliação dos resultados cirúrgicos se faz necessária para alcançar a excelência na reconstrução nasal dos pacientes com FTIB. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da estética nasal após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela por meio da análise objetiva e subjetiva da face dos pacientes operados no HRAC. Para isto, avaliamos 70 pacientes com FTIB após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela, apresentando idade atual a realização deste trabalho (6-12 anos) e 60 pacientes sem fissura na mesma faixa etária (grupo controle). A análise objetiva foi realizada por meio de 4 medidas antropométricas do nariz nos pacientes com FTIB operados e no grupo controle. Observou-se que a medida AL-AL (largura nasal) em pacientes com FTIB apresentou-se maior quando comparada ao grupo controle (p<0,05); diferentemente, SN-PRN (projeção da ponta nasal) e SN-C (comprimento da columela) demonstrou ser menor (p<0,05). Somente a medida Sn`-Sn`(largura da columela) foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos (p>0,05). Assim, demonstrando que mesmo após a cirurgia de alongamento de columela, não foram corrigidas a largura nasal, projeção da ponta nasal e comprimento da columela. Para analise qualitativa utilizou-se escores de 1 a 5 para avaliar a forma nasal (largura nasal), a projeção da ponta nasal e o comprimento da columela nos pacientes com FTIB antes e após a cirurgia. Observou-se que a aparência nasal melhorou após a cirurgia restabelecendo a harmonia e estética do nariz em grande parte dos pacientes. No entanto muitos pacientes continuaram com a aparência nasal pobre mesmo após a reparação cirúrgica. Da mesma forma, resultados semelhantes foram evidenciados na avaliação qualitativa da forma das narinas utilizando a classificação de Topinard. Desta forma, conclui-se que a cirurgia de alongamento de columela melhora a estética nasal, porém em muitos pacientes esta não conseguiu restabelecer por completo a forma nasal. / The results of aesthetic corrective surgeries for lengthening the columella are not always well succeed, remaining some deformities as nasal flattening and widening, short columella and large scars. In this way, the evaluation of surgical outcomes is needed to reach the excellence in nasal reconstruction in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the quality of nasal aesthetics after surgical lengthening of columella by means of objective and subjective analysis of the face of the patients at HRAC For this, we evaluated 70 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate after surgery columella elongation, current age presenting this work (6-12 years) and 60 patients without cleft at same age (control group). The objective analysis was performed using 4 anthropometric measurements of the nose in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate operated and control group. It was observed that the measured AL-AL (nasal width) in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate was higher compared to the control group (p<0.05); differently, SN-PRN (projection of the nasal tip) and SN-C (length of the columella) demonstrated to be lower (p<0.05). Just Sn-Sn (width of the columella) was similar in both groups (p>0.05). Thus, demonstrating that even after surgical lengthening the columella were not corrected nasal width, nasal tip projection and columella length. For qualitative analysis, we used scores 1-5 to evaluate the nasal form (nasal width), the projection of the nasal tip and columella length in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate before and after surgery. It was observed an improvement in nasal appearance after surgery and aesthetic harmony restoring the nose in most patients. However many patients continued with poor nasal appearance after surgical repair. Similar results were found in the qualitative evaluation of the nostrils shape using Topinard classification. In this way, we conclude that lengthening surgery of nasal columella improves aesthetics, but in many patients it failed to restore completely the nasal form.