Ce travail a porté sur la conversion du méthane en hydrogène par les procédés de vaporeformage et reformage à sec, utilisant de nouvelles formulations de catalyseurs afins d'augmenter la sélectivité en produit désiré (H₂), de réduire la production du monoxyde de carbone (CO) et défavoriser la formation de coke. Deux familles de catalyseurs, à base de nickel et de ruthénium supportés par la cérine et/ou l'alumine, ont été évaluées dans ces réactions. Il a été montré que les catalyseurs à base de ruthénium supportés par l'alumine présente une bonne activité catalytique et une très bonne résistance au dépôt de coke dans les réactions de reformage du méthane. La cérine joue un rôle déterminant dans les catalyseurs à base de nickel en favorisant la dispersion de la phase active et évitant la formation des agglomérats. Parallèlement, une inhibition de la formation de coke est observée grâce aux propriétés redox du solide. Les travaux ont porté également sur l'amélioration de la formulation des catalyseurs monométalliques, et un catalyseur bimétallique (Ru-Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃) actif, sélectif et stable pour la production d'hydrogène à partir du méthane a été mis au point. L'ajout d'un deuxième métal en faible teneur (0,5%) aide à maintenir le Ni sous sa forme actif empêchant la formation de coke sur la surface du catalyseur. Pour les deux réactions étudiées, les excellentes performances obtenues proviennent essentiellement de l'ajustement des paramètres de réaction et les paramètres de préparation des catalyseurs, ce qui ouvre de réelles perspectives d'application industrielle. / This work has focused on the methane conversion by steam reforming and dry reforming processes, through new catalyst formulations in order to increase the selectivity of expected products (H₂), to reduce carbon monoxide production (CO) and to limit the coke formation. Two categories of catalysts were evaluated in these reactions : nickel-based catalysts and ruthenium-based catalysts supported by ceria and/or alumina. It has been reported that the ruthenium-based catalysts supported by alumina provide important catalytic activity and high resistance to coke deposition in the methane reforming reactions. Ceria played a determining role in the nickel-based catalysts by enhancing the active phase dispersion without agglomerates and coke formation. Works have also continued on the improvement of the monometallic catalyst and an active bimetallic catalyst (Ru-Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃), selective and stable in hydrogen production from methane has been developed. The addition of a second metal helps maintaining Ni in its active form, preventing the coke formation on the catalyst surface. For the two considered reactions, the excellent performance was largely due to the adjustment of the reactions and catalyst parameters offering a real potential industrial application.

Project I 2-Deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), the most conserved central scaffold of aminoglycosides, is known to specifically recognize the 5'-GU-'3 sequence step through highly conserved hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions within and without the context of aminoglycosides (Figure 1a). We proposed that a novel monomeric unnatural amino acid building block using 2-DOS as a template would allow us to develop RNA binding molecules with higher affinity and selectivity than those currently available. Conjugating two or more of the monomeric building blocks by an amide bond would introduce extra hydrogen bonding donors and acceptors that are absent in natural aminoglycosides and increase specificity of binding to a target RNA through a network of hydrogen bonds. In addition, the amide conjugation between the monomeric building blocks places two GU-base recognizing amines at 5 Å… distance, which is equal to the distance of neighboring base stacks in dsRNAs We hypothesized that targeting dsRNAs containing multiple consecutive 5'-GU-'3 sequence steps would become possible by connecting two or more of the monomeric building blocks by amide bonds. According to the proposed hypothesis, we designed three dimeric 2-DOS compounds connected by an amide bond. These three targets include the dimeric 2-DOS substrate connected by an amide bond, the dimeric 2-DOS containing the sugar moiety from Neamine, and a dimeric 2-DOS connected by a urea linker. These compounds were then tested for sequence specific binding against 8 different RNA strands, and for antibacterial activity against E. coli, actinobacter baumannii and klebsiella. Project II A dual optimization approach was used for to enhance the catalytic activity and chemoselectivity for nitro reduction. In this approach the composition of the nanoparticles and electronics effects of the polymer were studied towards nitro reduction. Bimetallic Ruthenium-Cobalt nanoparticles showed exceptional catalytic activity and chemoselectivity compared to monometallic Ruthenium nanoparticles. The electronic effects of the polymer also had a significant effect on the catalytic activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles. The electron-deficient poly(4-trifluoromethylstyrene) supported bimetallic nanoparticles undergo nitro reduction in 20 minutes at room temperature, whereas electron-rich poly(4-methylstyrene) and poly(4-methoxystyrene) supported bimetallic nanoparticles to longer reaction times to go to completion. Electronics of the polymers also effects the change in mechanism of nitroreduction. Polystyrene bimetallic Ruthenium-Cobalt nanoparticles showed excellent yields and chemoselectivity towards nitro functional group in the presence of easily reducible functional groups like alkenes, alkynes, allyl ethers, propargyl ethers. Monometallic ruthenium nanoparticles also showed excellent reactivity and chemoselectivity towards azide reduction in the presence of easily reducible functional groups. Interestingly monometallic ruthenium nanoparticles showed regioselective reduction of primary azides in the presence of secondary and benzylic azides, also aromatic azides can be selectively reduced in the presence of secondary azides. These polystyrene supported nanoparticles are heterogeneous and are easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused multiple times without significant of catalytic activity.

The use of transition metal catalysts - either homogeneous (discrete well-defined metal complexes) or heterogeneous (more poorly-defined metal surfaces) - play an important role in the transformations of small substrates into larger, value-added compounds. Although heterogeneous catalysts have the greater industrial applicability, there has been enormous interest in homogeneous transition metal systems for effecting selective transformations of small substrate molecules. The bulk of these homogeneous systems are mononuclear. Perhaps surprisingly, very little research has focuses on systems with adjacent metal centres. Binuclear systems possess adjacent metals that may interact and possibly lead to transformations not observed in monometallic systems. It is this opportunity for adjacent metal involvement in substrate activation that is the focus of this dissertation. the goal of this research is to gain an increased understanding of metal-metal cooperativity and adjacent metal involvement in substrate transformations; how can adjacent metal involvement lead to substrate activation not seen in monometallic counterparts, and what role does each metal play in these interactions, particularly when the two metals are different. Throughout this dissertation examples of transformation unique to systems with at least two metals are presented and examined with a particular focus on the roles of the two metals and any associated binding modes in these transformations. In addition, by comparing the RhOs, RhRu and IrRu systems, the influence of metal substitution is also examined. For example, diazoalkane activation and C-c bond formation promoted by the Rh-based systems is investigated, the roles of the adjacent metals of the IrRu system in the conversion of methylene groups to oxygenates is examined, and the unusual geminal C-H bond activation of olefinic substrates is explored. Overall, the work presented within this thesis adds to the growing understanding of adjacent metal cooperativety, leading us toward a more rational approach to the design of homogeneous homo- and heterobimetallic catalysts, heterogeneous catalyst and nanoparticle catalysts for selective substrate transformations.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Präparation von Pt-Fe/SiO2-Katalysatorproben für die selektive Flüssigphasenhydrierung von Zimtaldehyd. Während der Herstellung wurden die Proben ausschließlich einer Reduktion bei 350 °C oder einer anschließenden Reduktion bei 750 °C unterworfen. Die präparierten Materialien wurden mit den Methoden ICP-OES, Laserbeugung, N2-Physisorption, XRD, TEM, SQUID und TPR/O charakterisiert. Daneben wurden Chemisorptions-Untersuchungen mit den Adsorptiven H2, O2 und CO durchgeführt. Infolge der angewandten Reduktionstemperatur von 750 °C konnte exemplarisch die Ausbildung von Metallpartikeln der Überstrukturphase nachgewiesen werden. Die katalytische Austestung der Materialien erfolgte in diskontinuierlich betriebenen Hydrierautoklaven. Hierbei stand die wertschöpfende Umsetzung zum Zimtalkohol im Vordergrund. Die Verwendung von Katalysatorproben, die Überstrukturphasen des Systems Fe-Pt aufweisen, führte nicht zu einer signifikanten Selektivitätsverbesserung zum Zielprodukt Zimtalkohol. Optimale Zimtalkohol-Ausbeuten ließen sich für Katalysatorproben erreichen, deren Metallpartikel nominelle Fe-Anteile von 30 bis 40 Mol.-% aufwiesen.

The optical and chemical properties of the materials used in catalytic and sensing applications directly determine the characteristics of the resultant catalyst or sensor. It is well known that a catalyst needs to have high activity, selectivity, and stability to be viable in an industrial setting. The hydrogenation activity of palladium catalysts is known to be excellent, but the industrial applications are limited by the cost of obtaining catalyst in amounts large enough to make their use economical. As a result, alloying palladium with a cheaper, more widely available metal while maintaining the high catalytic activity seen in monometallic catalysts is, therefore, an attractive option. Similarly, the optical properties of nanoscale materials used for sensing must be attuned to their application. By adjusting the shape and composition of nanoparticles used in such applications, very fine changes can be made to the frequency of light that they absorb most efficiently. The design, synthesis, and characterization of (i) size controlled monometallic palladium nanoparticles for catalytic applications, (ii) nickel-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles and (iii) silver-palladium nanoparticles with applications in drug detection and biosensing through surface plasmon resonance, respectively, will be discussed. The composition, size, and shape of the nanoparticles formed were controlled through the use of wet chemistry techniques. After synthesis, the nanoparticles were analyzed using physical and chemical characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy- Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (STEM-EDX). The Pd and Ni-Pd nanoparticles were then supported on silica for catalytic testing using mass spectrometry. The optical properties of the Ag-Pd nanoparticles in suspension were further investigated using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis). Monometallic palladium particles have been synthesized and characterized to establish the effects of nanoparticle size on catalytic activity in methanol decomposition. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized palladium-nickel nanoparticles will be discussed, as a function of the synthesis parameters. The optical characteristics of the Ag and Pd nanoparticles will be determined, with a view toward tuning the response of the nanoparticles for incorporation in sensors. Analysis of the monometallic palladium particles revealed a dependence of syngas production on nanoparticle size. The peak and steady state TOFs increased roughly linearly with the average nanoparticle diameter. The amount of coke deposited on the particle surfaces was found to be independent on the size of the nanoparticles. Shape control of the nickel-palladium nanoparticles with a high selectivity for (100) and (110) facets (≤ 80%) has been demonstrated. The resulting alloy nanoparticles were found to have homogeneous composition throughout their volume and maintain FCC crystal structure. Substitution of Ni atoms in the Pd lattice at a 1:3 molar ratio was found to induce lattice strains of ~1%. The Ag nanocubes synthesized exhibited behavior very similar to literature values, when taken on their own, exhibiting a pair of distinct absorbance peaks at 350 nm and 455 nm. In physical mixtures with the Pd nanoparticles synthesized, their behavior showed that the peak position of the Ag nanocubes' absorbance in UV-Vis could be tuned based on the relative proportions of the Ag and Pd nanoparticles present in the suspension analysed. The Ag polyhedra synthesized for comparison showed a broad doublet peak throughout the majority of the visible range before testing as a component in a physical mixture with the Pd nanoparticles. The addition of Pd nanoparticles to form a physical mixture resulted in some damping of the doublet peak observed as well as a corresponding shift in the baseline absorbance proportional to the amount of Pd added to the mixture.

No description available.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T17:43:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSCMM.pdf: 2059252 bytes, checksum: cf570b86d963584cf183b9fa7c5f16ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T17:43:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSCMM.pdf: 2059252 bytes, checksum: cf570b86d963584cf183b9fa7c5f16ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T17:43:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSCMM.pdf: 2059252 bytes, checksum: cf570b86d963584cf183b9fa7c5f16ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T17:43:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSCMM.pdf: 2059252 bytes, checksum: cf570b86d963584cf183b9fa7c5f16ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / The steam reforming of acetic acid (SRAcH), a model compound of pyrolysis-oil, was studied over MgAl2O4-supported Co-Ni catalysts with different Co/Ni ratios, prepared by impregnation using the incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption, and thermogravimetry. In the steam reforming reaction of AcH, both Ni and Co catalysts suffered partial oxidation due to contact with the reaction mixture. The ketonization reaction occurred on the MgAl2O4 support and the presence of Co or Ni changed the reaction pathway of species adsorbed on the support, which suppressed the formation of acetone. The cleavage of C-C bonds was favored on the Ni surface, resulting in CHx species, which in the presence of H2 were preferentially hydrogenated to CH4 at low temperatures. On the other hand, on the Co surface the CHx species were decomposed to C* and H* as the temperature increased. The addition of Co to Ni catalysts inhibited CH4 formation and carbon accumulation. / A reforma a vapor do ácido acético (RVAAc), um composto modelo da pirólise do bioóleo, foi estudada sobre catalisadores de Co-Ni suportados em MgAl2O4 com diferentes razões Co/Ni, preparados por impregnação úmida incipiente. Os catalisadores foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X, redução a temperatura programada, dessorção a temperatura programada e termogravimetria. Em reação, os catalisadores de Ni e Co sofreram uma oxidação parcial ao entrar em contato com a mistura reacional. A reação de cetonização ocorreu sobre o suporte de MgAl2O4 e a presença de Co ou Ni alterou a rota de reação das espécies adsorvidas no suporte, o que suprimiu a formação de acetona. A quebra das ligações C-C foi favorecida na superfície Ni, resultando em espécies CHx, as quais preferencialmente foram hidrogenadas a CH4 na presença de H2 em baixas temperaturas. Entretanto, na superfície Co com o aumento da temperatura as espécies CHx foram decompostas em C * e H *. A adição de Co aos catalisadores de Ni inibiu a formação de CH4 e o acúmulo de carbono. / CNPq: 407030/2013-1

[pt] No presente trabalho, foram abordadas duas formas alternativas de materiais para a redução do cromo hexavalente. Para um dos materiais foram sintetizadas nanopartículas de ferro metálico, níquel metálico e sílica como suporte, e o outro material visando menor custo e maior acessibilidade foi uma lã de aço comercial. Ambos têm como objetivo a diminuição ou remediação de cromo hexavalente através de soluções de dicromato de potássio em concentrações que visam simular contaminações geradas por diversas operações industriais. A função destes materiais é de atuar como um forte agente redutor, doando elétrons para reduzir o cromo hexavalente em cromo trivalente. As nanopartículas de ferro zero valente, níquel zero valente suportadas em sílica foram sintetizadas empregando sulfatos em uma técnica de redução com borohidreto de potássio em solução aquosa. As nanopartículas foram caracterizadas com o auxílio da técnica de difração de raio-X para determinar as fases presentes, e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectroscopia por dispersão de energia, definindo a composição química elementar e a morfologia das superfícies, e ICP para quantificar a composição dos elementos ferro e níquel. Finalmente, foram realizados os testes de redução do cromo hexavalente em cromo trivalente através do Espectrofotômetro UV-VIS, sendo quantificada a concentração de cromo hexavalente presente na solução através da técnica colorimétrica com o reagente altamente seletivo, o 1,5-difenilcarbazida (DFC). As nanopartículas e a lã de aço demonstraram eficiência na redução do cromo hexavalente em concentrações de 8,32 ppm (K2Cr2O7 80 Mmol/L), 6,241 (K2Cr2O7 60 Mmol/L) e 4,161 ppm (K2Cr2O7 40 Mmol/L) com tempos inferiores a 5 minutos. Contudo, as nanopartículas de Fe0-Ni0 suportadas em SiO2 reduziram o cromo hexavalente com uma quantidade em massa de Fe0 aproximadamente 110 vezes menor em relação a lã de aço, considerando que este é constituído unicamente por ferro metálico. Credita-se esta efetividade à maior área superficial por unidade de massa das partículas nanoestruturadas. / [en] In the present work, two alternative forms were approached using different materials. For one of the materials, nanoparticles of metallic iron, metallic nickel and silica as support were synthesized, and the other material aiming at lower cost and greater accessibility will be steel wool. Both have the objective of reducing or remediation of hexavalent chromium through solutions of potassium dichromate in concentrations that aim to simulate contaminations generated by various industrial operations. The function of these materials is to act as a strong reducing agent by donating electrons to reduce the hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The nanoparticles of zero-valent Iron, zero-valent nickel supported on silica was synthesized using sulfates in a reduction technique with potassium borohydride in aqueous solution. The nanoparticles were characterized with the help of the XRD technique, from the diffraction pattern generated and quantifying the present phases, and SEM / EDS, defining elemental chemical composition and surface morphology and ICP to quantify the elemental composition. Finally, the tests of reduction of the hexavalent chromium in trivalent chromium through the UV-VIS spectrophotometer were carried out, and the concentration of hexavalent Chromium present in the solution was quantified through the Colorimetric technique with the highly selective reagent, 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DFC). Nanoparticles and steel wool showed efficiency in the reduction of hexavalent chromium at concentrations of 8,32 ppm (K2Cr2O7 80 Mmol/L), 6,241 (K2Cr2O7 60 Mmol/L) e 4,161 ppm (K2Cr2O7 40 Mmol/L) with times less than 5 minutes. However, as Fe0-Ni0 nanoparticles supported in SiO2, they reduced the hexavalent content of a quantity of steel mass in relation to steel wool, considering that it consists only of metallic iron. The effectiveness in the most superficial part by the mass unit of the nanostructured particles is credited.

Submitted by ELAINE CRISTINA MUNIZ null (elainecris7@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-11T12:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELAINE CRISTINA MUNIZ-tese.pdf: 10917322 bytes, checksum: bd6553f5a382221f4d18db6600416bcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-14T18:09:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 muniz_ec_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 726928 bytes, checksum: c405502c64aca6bda28f96dbbfbca30f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T18:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 muniz_ec_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 726928 bytes, checksum: c405502c64aca6bda28f96dbbfbca30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Materiais luminescentes despertam grande interesse nas pesquisas devido à variedade de aplicações, podendo ser empregados em displays eletrônicos, lâmpadas fluorescentes e diodos emissores de luz, por exemplo. Neste contexto, os íons lantanídeos trivalentes são destaque pois apresentam propriedades luminescentes únicas como alta pureza de cor, tempo de vida de nano a milissegundos e linhas de emissão definidas e estreitas provenientes de transições intraconfiguracionais 4f-4f. No entanto, devida à natureza proibida dessas transições, os íons lantanídeos apresentam baixa absortividade molar. Para suprir essa deficiência, pode ser realizada a coordenação destes íons com bons grupos cromóforos capazes de transferir energia para os níveis 4f dos lantanídeos. Outra estratégia para melhorar as propriedades luminescentes de materiais é através da combinação e/ou dopagem utilizando diferentes lantanídeos, o que pode resultar na emissão de ambos os íons ou na emissão preferencial de um deles por meio de processos de transferência de energia. Espécies bimetálicas heteronucleares e polímeros de coordenação porosos (Metal Organic Frameworks, MOFs) se destacam neste cenário. Neste trabalho foram estudadas quatro séries de compostos bimetálicos heteronucleares utilizando succinato de sódio e ácido 3,5-dicarbóxipirazolico como ligantes e variando a razão entre dois íons lantanídeos distintos, Gd3+:Eu3+, Gd3+:Tb3+, Dy3+:Eu3+ e Eu3+:Tb3+. Os compostos obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X de monocristal e de pó, espectroscopia na região do IV, análise térmica, espectroscopia de reflectância difusa, espectroscopia de fotoluminescência com excitação UV, luminescência com excitação por raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura associada à espectroscopia por energia dispersiva. Os complexos apresentaram interessantes propriedades luminescentes. Para as séries de compostos contendo íons Gd3+, quanto maior a quantidade de Gd3+, maior a intensidade da banda relativa à transferência de carga do ligante para o metal, indicando que os íons Gd3+ possuem um papel importante no mecanismo de transferência de energia do ligante para os lantanídeos emissores. Foram calculados os parâmetros de intensidade, as taxas de decaimento radiativo e não-radiativo e a eficiência quântica para a série Gd3+:Eu3+, que apresentaram baixa eficiência quântica, devido principalmente à supressão da luminescência pelas moléculas de água presente na estrutura. Os compostos da série Dy3+:Eu3+ não apresentam transferência de energia entre os lantanídeos e só foi possível observar a emissão dos dois íons ao mesmo tempo quando a excitação é realizada no ligante ou quando se utilizou raios X para a excitação. Já na série Eu3+:Tb3+, observou-se transferência de energia apenas dos íons Tb3+ para os íons Eu3+. O oposto não foi verificado. Os espectros de emissão dessa série registrados em diferentes temperaturas mostram que os compostos Eu3+:Tb3+ possuem potencialidade para aplicação como termômetro molecular na faixa de temperatura entre -80 e 25°C. Foram realizadas três sínteses diferentes para preparação dos MOFs. Os compostos obtidos apresentam intensidade de emissão e eficiência quântica elevadas. Além disso, a estabilidade térmica dos compostos é evidência de que os compostos obtidos podem ser de fato MOFs. / Luminescent materials attract interest in research due to the diversity of applications. These materials can be used at electronic displays, fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes, for example. In this context, trivalent lanthanide ions are interesting because of their unique luminescent properties like high color purity, nano to milliseconds lifetime and narrow emission lines from 4f-4f transitions. However, because of the nature of forbidden 4f-4f transitions, lanthanide ions have low molar absorptivity. To supply this deficiency, the lanthanide ions can be coordinated to chromophore groups, capable of transfer energy to the 4f levels of lanthanides. It is also possible to improve the luminescent properties of materials by combining different lanthanides, which can result in the emission of both ions or in the preferential emission of one of them by energy transfer processes. Bimetallic heteronuclear complexes and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are interesting in this context. In this work, four bimetallic heteronuclear compounds series with sodium succinate and 3,5- dicarboxypyrazolate ligands were prepared with different lanthanides ratio, Gd3+:Eu3+ , Gd3+:Tb3+, Dy3+:Eu3+ e Eu3+:Tb3+ . The compounds were characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray excited optical luminescence and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy, with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The complexes present interesting luminescent properties. In Gd3+ compounds series, by increasing the amount of Gd3+ ions in the sample, the intensity of the relative charge transfer band also increases, indicating that the Gd3+ ions play an important role in the energy transfer mechanism from ligands to the lanthanides. The intensity parameters, the radiative and non-radiative decay rates and the quantum efficiency were calculated to Gd3+:Eu3+ series, which showed low quantum efficiency due to luminescence quenching by water molecules in the structure. The Dy3+:Eu3+ compounds does not show energy transfer between the lanthanides ions and the emission from both ions was observed simultaneously only under excitation at the ligand absorption or under X-rays excitation. In the Eu3+:Tb3+ series, the energy transfer was observed only from Tb3+ ions to the Eu3+ ions. The opposite was not verified. The emission spectra of the Eu3+:Tb3+ compound recorded at different temperatures show that this series compounds present potential to be applied as molecular thermometer in the range of -80 to 25 °C. Three different syntheses were performed to prepare MOFs. The obtained compounds exhibit high emission intensity and good quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the compounds is evidence to propose that the obtained compounds is indeed MOFs. / CNPq: 141262/2012-5

Cette thèse est divisée en quatre parties. Une nouvelle méthodologie de substitution nucléophile directe d’alcools allyliques primaires (MBH) catalysée par le système bicatalytique Fe(III)/BF3 suivie d’une application à la synthèse des structures de type pyrrolidines à partir d’adduits de MBH a tout d’abord été développée. La seconde concerne l’étude de la stabilité ou de l’instabilité des réactifs allénylcuivres. Cette étude a permis de déduire une instabilité configurationnelle totale des allénylcuivres à une température réactionnelle aussi basse que -90°C ainsi que le rôle crucial du contre ion Li+ dans ce processus. Dans la troisième partie, un processus de dédoublement cinétique dynamique d’allényles cuivres préparés in-situ sur les aldéhydes et imines a permis la construction des dérivés aminoalcools homopropargyliques de façon très directe, efficace, diastéréoséléctive, énantiosélective et diversifiée. Dans la dernière partie, ces précurseurs aminoalcools homopropargyliques énantioenrichis synthétisés ont conduit aux dérivés cyclohexènes C-7 cyclitols par une métathèse cyclisante ényne catalysée par le catalyseur au ruthénium. Enfin, des perspectives de travail et une conclusion générale sont proposées. / This thesis is divided into four parts. A new methodology of direct nucleophilic substitution of primary alcohols of MBH adduct catalyzed by Fe (III) / BF3 bicatalytic system followed by an application to the synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives from MBH adducts was first developed. The second part deals with the study of the configurational stability or instability of allenylcuprate reagents. This study allowed to elucidate a total configurational instability of the allenylcuprate species to temperatures as low as -90 °C. The crucial role of the Li+ counter-ion in this process was also demonstrated. In the third part, a dynamic kinetic resolution of allenyl copper species prepared in-situ upon addition to chiral aldehydes and imines allows the construction of homopropargylic aminoalcohol derivatives in a very direct, effective, diastereoselective, enantioselective and diversified process. In the last part, these homopropargylic enantioenriched aminoalcohols were converted to cyclohexene derivatives C-7 cyclitols by a ruthenium-catalyzed ring closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM).