In 1960 the Toronto Board of Education opened its first residential outdoor education centre, the Toronto Island Natural Science School, which signaled the beginning of an outdoor education movement in the city. By the mid-1980s the school boards and conservation authorities of Metropolitan Toronto had opened 12 residential outdoor education centres to serve Toronto public school students. This thesis seeks to explain why these programs were developed at this time and in this place. It finds that these programs fit into a broader ‘modernizing antimodernism’ paradigm which shaped many similar formal and informal educational programs in the twentieth century, and argues that democratic citizenship education was the major factor that was used to justify and shape them. This democratic citizenship education had three main components: education for democratic living, education for productive use of leisure time, and education for the environment, each of which is explored in depth.

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Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-31T19:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvonete Schimitz Do Prado.pdf: 1451148 bytes, checksum: 3bad5bbcf2fcf65698a4f8dea9525f4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T19:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvonete Schimitz Do Prado.pdf: 1451148 bytes, checksum: 3bad5bbcf2fcf65698a4f8dea9525f4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / The purpose of this study is to look at the path of the making of professional practice under the bias of the teaching intelligentsia of two teachers from the state public network that would allow us to build an understanding of teaching as an intellectual function, as advocated by Giroux (1997; 1999) the theoretical framework we adopted. In this perspective, the analysis of paths was based on two distinct schools of investigation: a) With respect to forming elements suggesting a disqualification of the teacher's work and freeing her from critical and purposeful features, namely those from the models training and acting markedly homogenizing and linked to the educational policies and interests committed to standards of international organizations and the state’s political party programs. b) On the other hand, other current research explores the intellectual concept and claims it is possible to make this reference also to teachers. As to research methodology, we chose to develop in light of studies by Lahire (2004; 2005), about the construction of sociological portraits with regard to the interest of explicit trajectories of life and work to learn the provisions built from many socialization contexts that teachers, the subjects of this study, have been submitted to in life and because of that to meet the research objectives listed, which include: learning which provisions have been built and as configured by teachers in different socialization processes during their professional careers, so that the grasping of these provisions would allow us to affirm or not the power of a teaching intelligence taking them the design of a teacher as an intellectual as defended by Giroux. In the example of socializing experience, we highlight the participation of teachers in Practice Seminar organized by SEE-SP in 2013, while formative experience in this way, it was also our intention to examine to what extent the experience of the teachers surveyed at the seminar in question allowed them to apply to themselves and the work they have done on occasion, traits that they attributed themselves qualifying teachers as intellectuals. From the results of the survey, we highlight the following: engagement and commitment; clarity of their political and social function as well as their theoretical beliefs, recognizing their potential as scholars and active and reflective professionals. These provisions, built on the job of teaching, are presented as a work of these teachers differential which enabled visibility in them. Thus, participation in the Good Practice Seminar reinforced what they believed about education, expanding the look of the universe of activity in which they were inserted and giving them a greater awareness of themselves and the work they performed that could be exposed and employed with this experience. / La investigación propone una mirada acerca de la trayectoria de la constituición de la actuación profesional bajo la perspectiva intelectual de dos profesoras de la red pública de enseñanza educacional del estado de São Paulo, lo que nos permitió construir y comprender la enseñanza como una función intelectual, así como se propone en Giroux (1997; 1999) como marco teórico adoptado . En esta perspectiva, el análisis de las direcciones que se basan en dos hincapiés distintos de investigación: a) Acerca de la formación de los elementos que sugieren una descalificación del trabajo del profesor y la disminución de puntos críticos como los modelos de formación de profesores uniformes vinculados a los intereses y políticas educacionales con reglas de entidades internacionales y programas de partidos políticos del estado. La otra línea de investigación examina el concepto intelectual y asegura la posibilidad en hacer referencia también al profesor. En cuanto a la metodología que se aplica en la investigación, se optó por desarrollar los estudios por Lahire (2004; 2005), en relación con la construcción de modelos sociológicos relacionados con el interés de las trayectorias explícitas de la vida y el trabajo con el fin de aprender las disposiciones construidas a partir de diversos contextos de socialización en que las profesoras, como sujetos de la investigación, se han sometido a cumplir con los objetivos de la pesquisa citados, que incluyen: aprender cuales disposiciones fueron construida y configuradas por ellas en distintos procesos de socialización durante su carrera profesional, las disposiciones nos permiten afirmar el poder de la intelectualidad docente, o no, acercándose a las concepciones de profesor como intelectual defendida por Giroux. Como ejemplo de experiencia de sociabilización, destacamos la participación de las profesoras en el Seminario de Buenas Prácticas organizado por SEE-SP en 2013, mientras experiencia formativa en el trayecto, hay también una intención en examinar en qué medida la experiencia de las profesoras investigadas con el Seminario en cuestión les permitió reflexionar sobre sí mismos y el trabajo que han hecho en alguna ocasión, los rasgos que atribuyeron a la calificación docente como intelectual. A partir de los resultados de la encuesta, podemos destacar las siguientes disposiciones: participación y el compromiso; claridad de su función política y social, además de sus creencias teóricas, reconociendo su potencial como académicas y profesionales activas y reflexivas. Las disposiciones construidas a lo largo del recorrido sobre la constitución acerca de la función del profesor, se presenta como un diferencial en el trabajo de las maestra lo que nos permitió también una la visibilidad a respecto de ellas. Así, la participación en el Seminario de Buenas Prácticas reforzó lo que se creían acerca de la educación, ampliando la observación del universo de la actuación en que la cual estaban inseridas, además de darles una mayor conciencia de sí mismos y del trabajo ejecutado, y que pudieron ser expuestos y explorado con experiencia. / Esta pesquisa propôs um olhar para o percurso de constituição da atuação profissional de duas professoras que atuam na educação básica I na rede estadual paulista, sob o viés da intelectualidade docente, que nos permitisse a construção de um entendimento do trabalho docente como uma função intelectual, conforme defendido por Giroux (1997; 1999) nosso referencial teórico adotado. Nesta perspectiva, a análise dos percursos se pautou em duas linhas de investigação distintas: a) Uma que diz respeito aos elementos de conformação que sugere uma desqualificação do trabalho do professor e seu alijamento de traços críticos e propositivos, a saber, aqueles provenientes de modelos de formação e atuação docentes marcadamente homogeneizadores e ligados aos interesses e políticas educacionais comprometidos com normas dos organismos internacionais e programas político-partidários de estado. b) Por outro lado, outra corrente de investigação que explora o conceito de intelectual e afirma ser possível fazer essa referência também ao professor. Quanto à metodologia de pesquisa, optamos por desenvolvê-la à luz dos estudos desenvolvidos por Lahire (2004; 2005), no que tange à construção de retratos sociológicos no que se refere ao interesse de explicitar trajetórias de vida e de trabalho de modo a apreender as disposições construídas a partir dos diversos contextos de socialização a que as professoras, sujeitos desta pesquisa, estiveram submetidas ao longo da vida que desse conta de atender aos objetivos de pesquisa elencados, os quais destacamos: apreender quais disposições foram construídas e como se configuraram pelas professoras nos diferentes processos de socialização, durante seu percurso profissional, de modo que a apreensão destas disposições nos permitissem afirmar a potência de uma intelectualidade docente, ou não, aproximando-as à concepção de professor como intelectual defendida por Giroux. À exemplo de experiência socializadora, destacamos a participação das professoras no Seminário de Boas Práticas organizado pela SEE-SP, em 2013, enquanto experiência formativa dentro deste percurso, deste modo, também foi nossa intenção analisar em que medida a experiência das professoras pesquisadas com o Seminário em questão permitiu que elas tecessem, sobre si mesmas e sobre o trabalho que desenvolveram na ocasião, traços que lhes atribuíssem qualificativos de professor como intelectual. Dos resultados obtidos da pesquisa, destacamos as seguintes disposições: engajamento e compromisso; clareza da sua função política e social bem como de suas convicções teóricas, reconhecimento de suas potencialidades enquanto estudiosas e profissionais ativas e reflexivas. Tais disposições, construídas ao longo do percurso de constituição da função docente, apresentavam-se como um diferencial do trabalho destas professoras o que possibilitou visibilidade sobre elas. Deste modo, a participação no Seminário de Boas Práticas reforçou aquilo em que acreditavam sobre educação, ampliando o olhar sobre o universo de atuação em que estavam inseridas e conferindo-lhes uma maior consciência sobre si mesmas e sobre o trabalho desempenhado que pôde ser exposto e explorado com tal experiência.

A MATTER OF NATIONAL CONCERN examines the Kennedy Administration’s contribution to the restoration of public education in Prince Edward County, Virginia, and determines if those actions support the dominant narrative of Kennedy’s overall civil rights record – a historical assessment generally generated from a few acute crises. For five consecutive years (1959-1964), in defiance of federal court orders, the county board of supervisors refused to levy taxes to operate public schools, marking Prince Edward County as the only locale in the nation without free public education. The county leadership organized a segregated private school system for the 1,400 white children, but afforded no formal education for the 1,700 African American students. The Kennedy Administration inherited the Prince Edward County school situation – a crisis that threatened to cripple a generation, and, if replicated, destroy public education. In the Prince Edward County school dilemma, the Kennedy Administration took proactive measures, proved sympathetic to the plight of African Americans, challenged Virginia’s congressional delegation, and appointed federal judges that supported President Kennedy’s civil rights agenda. The Prince Edward County story generally, and the federal government’s actions specifically, have been virtually overlooked by historians. A MATTER OF NATIONAL CONCERN challenges scholars to re-evaluate the Kennedy Administration’s civil rights record by including all of the civil rights events of the Kennedy years, thus developing a thorough, comprehensive assessment. A MATTER OF NATIONAL CONCERN is the product of the study of unpublished archival documents, oral histories, interviews, newspaper reports, and secondary sources. This work was created using Microsoft Word 2003.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, many Americans quickly rallied to support the nation. Among the numerous committees, organizations, and individuals that became active in the mobilization process were the forty-eight state councils of defense. Encouraged to form by President Wilson and his administration in the days and weeks following U.S entry in the war, the state councils grew as offshoots of the Council of National Defense and assisted in bringing every section of the country into a single scheme of work. Everyone was expected to do their part in WWI, whether they were fighting overseas or helping on the home front. The state councils, broken down into various sections and county, township, and high-school level councils, made sure that this was the case by reaching down into local communities and encouraging individuals to become involved in the war effort. Their work represented the embodiment of a “total war” philosophy and, yet, studies on these organizations are surprisingly scarce, giving readers an inadequate understanding of the American home front during the conflict. This thesis therefore places the focus directly on the state councils and examines the work they undertook to make the United States ready for, and most effective in wartime service. In particular, it explores the efforts of the Educational Section of the Indiana State Council of Defense. By concentrating on this one section, readers may gain a better understanding of the lengths that the state councils went to in order to put every person – teachers and students included – on a wartime footing.