Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 3, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-67).

It has been shown that post-menarcheal girls are more likely to have increased their body weight and body mass index (BMI) than pre-menarcheal girls of the same age. In addition to the metabolic changes which occur during this interval, behavioural risk factors synergize to promote weight gain, putting adolescents at a much higher risk for excess weight gain and its associated health complications. Moreover, obesity during adolescence increase the risk of becoming an obese adult. A systematic review of English and French articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL was conducted. Studies underwent a three level screening assessment by two independent assessors. Only studies with post-menarcheal weight change information were selected for data extraction and quality assessment, which was conducted by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted for weight change and included 389 girls. Five studies discussed the effects of menarche on body weight change. Pooled results for three studies indicated a 10.39 kg increase from pre to post-menarche (95% CI, 9.16-11.62). The other two studies showed significant increases in body fat mass (p<0.05) and higher skinfolds measurements for post-menarcheal girls compared to pre-menarcheal girls. It is important to further explore the bio-psychosocial and environmental factors influencing the weight, especially the total fat mass and body fat distributions in young adolescent girls during the menarche transition in order to develop and evaluate preventive intervention strategies to prevent adolescent and adult obesity.

Elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease is magnified by variation in body fat distribution, in particular increased accumulation of visceral fat. Genome-wide association studies have mainly focused on anthropometric indices such as WHR and BMI to assess adiposity. They successfully identified over 100 loci highlighting for total fat mainly pathways in the brain involved in the regulation of energy expenditure and appetite and for fat distribution genes expressed in adipose and the periphery. Although genetic variants affecting localised fat deposition are known, the functional mechanisms of regional fat accumulation remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the genetic contribution to body composition to gain further mechanistic insight, and increase our understanding of the role of such genetic variants in metabolic health. We focused on the isolated population of Orkney. 1,301 participants from the Orkney Complex Disease Study, ORCADES underwent DXA scans allowing direct assessment of fat mass in various depots around the body. Genetic data imputed to the 1000 Genomes Project enabled the investigation of 35 million genetic variants. We first used univariate and bivariate analysis to quantify the contribution of genetic factors to the variation of body composition and establish genetic correlations with metabolic traits. We carried out genome-wide association analyses for body composition to identify new underlying genetic loci. We sought to replicate these findings in the Icelandic AGES cohort and the UK Biobank, with 3,219 and 1,575 participants with body composition analysis, respectively. We investigated the coding variation or the regulatory landscape around the associated variants to understand their functional impact. We further focused on one of the associated loci in greater detail. To establish a potential, causal gene for the associated variants and understand the impact of genetic variation on the regulatory elements, we carried out chromatin conformation studies around ENPP6 by. We then explored the role of causal gene candidate on body composition and metabolic health in an animal mouse model. Individual fat depots were moderately heritable with heritability estimates ranging from 35-50% in ORCADES. The genetic correlations with metabolic traits were highest with android, and visceral fat and the ratio of android and gynoid fat percentage: Insulin (0.68-0.75), HOMA-B (0.58-0.70), HOMA-IR (0.69-0.75), CRP (0.47-0.55) and DBP (0.49-0.58). Genome-wide association analysis identified three regions associated with body composition: VRTN, EXOC6B and ENPP6. Low frequency variants on chromosome 4, mapping within the ENPP6 gene associated with the ratio of android and gynoid fat (p= 4.5x10-10), which replicated in abdominal fat by CT in AGES (p=0.003). Per allele, variant carriers show a reduction in android fat by 3% and visceral fat of 140g as well as lowered diastolic blood pressure of 10mmHg. Due to this evidence ENPP6 was chosen as a focus for further mechanistic and functional studies. The lead SNPs map to an ENCODE-predicted DNase1 hypersensitivity site within the second intron of the ENPP6 gene, suggesting a role in genome regulation. Marking the areas with sequence-specific probes by 3D fluorescent in situ hybridisation confirmed that the association interval co-localised more frequently with the ENPP6 promoter than with other gene promoters within the same chromosomal region in SH-SY5Y neurons (p=0.01) but not human SGBS adipocytes. This indicates ENPP6 as a possible causal gene. Consistent with this ENPP6 mRNA levels were extremely low in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. ENPP6 expression is highest in the brain and kidney, suggesting a neuronal/renal mediated mechanism driving body composition. To model the impact of Enpp6 on adiposity in vivo, Enpp6-/- mice were generated and their metabolic profile investigated. Enpp6-/- mice showed a decrease in visceral fat depot and improved glucose tolerance (n= 24, pfat=0.002, pGTT=0.001). However, no difference was found with regards to their feeding or physical activity behaviour, suggesting an intrinsic alternative to maintaining an energy balance. Using the advantage of genetic drift in a population isolate and direct fat phenotyping we confirmed the contribution of genetic variants to variation in body composition and describe the involvement of three particular loci VRTN, EXOC6B and ENPP6. In particular, we describe ENPP6 as a likely neuronal mechanism underlying selectively visceral adiposity in humans and mice. This study sets a starting point for the investigation into ENPP6 as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetes therapeutic.

Body fat distribution has been identified as a more significant risk factor for metabolic-related diseases. This study investigated whether body fat distribution affects dietary outcomes (quality and intake), anthropometric measures, body composition, and skin carotenoid levels. A cross-sectional study with 91 female students was conducted. Thirty-one percent of participants (n=28) had an android body fat distribution. Body fat distribution was associated with WC and WHtR (p

Preferential fat accumulation in visceral vs. subcutaneous depots makes obese individuals more prone to metabolic complications. Body fat distribution (FD) is regulated by genetics. FD patterns vary across ethnic groups independent of obesity. Asians have more and Africans have less visceral fat compared with Europeans. Consequently, Asians tend to be more susceptible to type 2 diabetes even with lower BMIs when compared with Europeans. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 460 loci related to FD traits. However, the majority of these data were generated in European populations. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advances in FD genetics with a focus on comparisons between European and non-European populations (Asians and Africans). We therefore not only compared FD-related susceptibility loci identified in three ethnicities but also discussed whether known genetic variants might explain the FD pattern heterogeneity across different ancestries. Moreover, we describe several novel candidate genes potentially regulating FD, including NID2, HECTD4 and GNAS, identified in studies with Asian populations. It is of note that in agreement with current knowledge, most of the proposed FD candidate genes found in Asians belong to the group of developmental genes.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T15:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Gonçalves Zardini Silveira - 2016.pdf: 1953140 bytes, checksum: 8c0485e8b0754c0c8e7dc12b943621e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Gonçalves Zardini Silveira - 2016.pdf: 1953140 bytes, checksum: 8c0485e8b0754c0c8e7dc12b943621e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Gonçalves Zardini Silveira - 2016.pdf: 1953140 bytes, checksum: 8c0485e8b0754c0c8e7dc12b943621e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / To verify whether the polymorphism 11482G> A (rs894160) in PLIN1 gene has influence on food intake, body composition and glucose and insulin metabolism in individuals with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Nutrition of Federal University of Goiás (FANUT / UFG) with 116 individuals aged 20 to 59, with eutrophic body mass index (between 18.50 and 24.99 kg/m²) and high body fat percentage (20% for men and 30% for women) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The polymorphism 11482G> A (rs894160) in PLIN1 gene was genotyped using qPCR Taqman® system. Fasting glucose and insulin, as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated through classical methodology. QUICKI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta indexes were calculated. Food intake was evaluated from three 24 h food records, including a weekend day. The interaction between macronutrients intake and the SNP was determined by regression model and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyzes of mean differences were performed using Student’s t test, Mann Whitney, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 27.4% (n=32) of the sample were male and the median age (interquartile range) was 22.5 (20-50) years. Regarding the SNP, 56.0% (n = 65) carried two wild alleles, 38.8% (n = 45) were heterozygous and 5.2% (n = 6), carried two variant alleles. We did not verify statistical differences in biochemical and anthropometric biomarkers when subjects were separated according to genotype. Intake of carbohydrates and saturated fat, as well as the saturated fat:carbohydrates ratio were dichotomized into high and low according to the median intake of the sample (241.15 g; 29.71 g and 0.6 g, respectively). Males who carried the variant allele had lower waist circumference only when carbohydrate intake was higher than the median. They also presented lower weight and waist circumference when saturated fat consumption and saturated fat:carbohydrates ratio were low. Conclusion: The polymorphism PLIN1 11482G>A might modulate responses in anthropometric biomarkers in males with Normal-Weight Obesity depending on dietary macronutrient composition. / Verificar se o polimorfismo 11482G>A (rs894160) no gene PLIN1 tem influência na resposta ao consumo alimentar, na composição corporal e no metabolismo da glicose e insulina em indivíduos com a Síndrome do Obeso Eutrófico. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FANUT/UFG) com 116 indivíduos, entre 20 a 59 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, com Índice de Massa Corporal eutrófico (entre 18,50 e 24,99 kg/m²) e percentual de gordura corporal acima da normalidade (20% para homens e 30% para mulheres), mensurado por Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DEXA). O polimorfismo 11482G>A (rs894160) no gene PLIN1 foi genotipado por meio do sistema qPCR Taqman. Foram avaliadas glicemia e insulina de jejum e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1C), por meio de metodologia clássica. Os índices QUICKI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-beta foram calculados. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por três recordatórios de 24 horas, sendo um de final de semana. A interação entre a ingestão alimentar de macronutrientes e o polimorfismo foi calculada pelo modelo de regressão e ajustada para possíveis fatores de confusão. Análises de diferenças de médias foram feitas com os testes t de Student, Mann Whitney, ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis. P<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: 27,4% (n=32) dos indivíduos avaliados eram do sexo masculino e a mediana de idade (intervalo interquartil) foi de 22,5 (20 – 50) anos. Em relação ao SNP, 56,0% (n=65) eram homozigotos selvagens, 38,8% (n=45), heterozigotos e 5,2% (n=6), homozigotos para variante. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas nos marcadores bioquímicos e antropométricos quando os indivíduos foram separados por genótipo. A ingestão de carboidratos, de gordura saturada e a razão gordura saturada: carboidratos foram dicotomizadas em altas e baixas, de acordo com a mediana de ingestão da amostra (241,15 g; 29,71 g e 0,6 g, respectivamente). Indivíduos do sexo masculino carreadores do alelo variante apresentaram menor circunferência da cintura somente quando o consumo de carboidratos foi maior que a mediana, além de menor peso e circunferência da cintura quando o consumo de gordura saturada e a razão gordura saturada: carboidratos foram classificadas como baixas. Conclusão: O polimorfismo PLIN1 11482G>A pode modular respostas nos marcadores antropométricos de homens com a Síndrome do Obeso Eutrófico dependendo da composição de macronutrientes da alimentação.

Orientador: Simone Appenzeller / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin_NailuAngelicaSinicato_M.pdf: 860113 bytes, checksum: c0bfa5d101d3506d0fc6439346e326ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Lupus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) e uma doença autoimune, crônica e mutissistemica, caracterizada por períodos de atividade e remissão. Anormalidades como leucopenia, anemia hemolítica, presença de auto-anticorpos como anti-DNA de fita dupla (anti-dsDNA), anti-Smith (anti-Sm) e fator antinuclear (FAN) podem ser encontradas. Quando diagnosticado ate os 16 anos de idade e denominado LESj. Devido ao elevado acometimeto cardíaco nesses pacientes e muito importante avaliar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças coronarianas. O presente estudo, de característica transversal, teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de SM nos pacientes com LESj e comparar com controles sem histórico de doença autoimune e cardiovasculares e avaliar a composição corporal e observar a associação com a atividade e dano da doença, uso de corticosteróides e TNF-?. Foram selecionados pacientes consecutivos com LESj acompanhados na Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica da UNICAMP entre 2010/2012. Manifestações clinicas, laboratoriais e medicação em uso foram avaliadas. A atividade da doença [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)], dano cumulativo [Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)] foi determinado para cada paciente no dia da coleta de sangue. A SM foi avaliada através do critério da IDF - International diabetes federation. A dosagem da citocina foi realizada por ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). Observamos uma prevalência de SM de aproximadamente 20% dos pacientes incluídos. Observamos um numero similar de pacientes com LES <18 anos com síndrome metabólica quando comparada com ? 18 anos de idade (p = 0,202). Observamos que pacientes com LES <18 anos apresentaram mais hipertrigliceridemia e pacientes ? 18 anos apresentaram mais frequentemente hipercolesterolemia, altos níveis de LDL-C e hipertrigliceridemia, Observamos correlação do SLEDAI ajustado ao longo do tempo com a definição do IDF nos pacientes com LES ? 18 anos (r = 0,229, p = 0,033). Observamos também uma maior razão CA/CQ em pacientes com LESj quando comparado ao grupo controle (p <0,001). Observou-se correlação com o IMC e CA (r = 0,58, p <0,001) e CQ (r = 0,53, p <0,001) nos pacientes com LESj e entre IMC e peso (r = 0,86, p <0,001), altura (r = 0,26, p = 0,030), CA (r = 0,59, p <0,001) e CQ (r = 0,55, p <0,001) nos controles. Observamos uma correlação entre CA e IMC (r = 0,53, p <0,001) e o IAC (r = 0,39, p <0,001) nos pacientes com LESj. Observamos uma correlação entre o IAC e o IMC (r = 0,48, p <0,001). A analise da DXA mostrou que em pacientes com SLEj 36,8% de massa de corpo inteiro corresponde a gordura, e 42,3% esta localizada na região do tronco. Em nosso estudo observamos um aumento dos níveis séricos de TNF-? em pacientes com LESj, houve o aumento dos níveis de TNF-? em pacientes com doença ativa, alem de uma correlação positiva entre a pontuação de SLEDAI, níveis de TNF-? também se correlacionaram com a porcentagem de gordura e a massa gorda na região do tronco. De acordo com nossos resultados, os pacientes com LESj, possuem maior prevalência de SM e uma distribuição central de gordura corporal maior do que indivíduos controlem. Devido ao grande aumento do risco cardiovascular nesses pacientes e necessario a avaliacao rotineira da SM e da composição corporal / Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystemic, relapsing and remitting autoimmune disease. Abnormalities such as leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, presence of autoantibodies such as anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-Smith (anti-Sm) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) can be found. When the diagnosis was made until 16 years old the patients was called childhood-onset SLE. Because of the greatest rate of cardiac involvement of these patients is very important to evaluate the risk factors to coronary diseases development The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the presence of MetS in SLE patients and to compare with controls without autoimmune disease history and to evaluate the body composition and observe its association with the activity disease, laboratory data and corticosteroid treatment and TNF-?. We selected consecutive pediatric SLE patients followed at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of UNICAMP between 2010/2012. Clinical, laboratory, disease activity [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)], cumulative damage [Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics / American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)] and current drug exposure were evaluated. The MetS was evaluated by IDF - International diabetes federation criteria. The measurement of cytokines was performed by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). The prevalence of MetS in approximately 20% of patients included. We observed a similar number of SLE patients <18 years with MetS compared with ? 18 years of age (p = 0.202). We found that SLE patients <18 years presented with hypertriglyceridemia and patients ? 18 years were more frequently hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia observed correlation of SLEDAI adjusted over time with the definition of the IDF in SLE patients ? 18 years (r = 0.229, p = 0.033). We also observed a higher ratio HC / WC procedures in patients with SLE compared to the control group (p <0.001). Correlation with BMI and WC (r = 0.58, p <0.001) and HC (r = 0.53, p <0.001) in patients with SLE and between BMI and weight (r = 0.86, p <0.001), height (r = 0.26, p = 0.030), WC (r = 0.59, p <0.001) and HC (r = 0.55, p <0.001) in controls. We observed a correlation between WC and BMI (r = 0.53, p <0.001) and BAI (r = 0.39, p <0.001) in patients with SLE. We observed a correlation between the BAI and BMI (r = 0.48, p <0.001). The DXA analysis showed that in patients with cSLE 36.8% by weight of the whole body matches the fat, and 42.3% is located in the trunk. In our study we observed an increase in serum levels of TNF-? in patients with cSLE, there were increased levels of TNF-? in patients with active disease, and a positive correlation between the SLEDAI score, levels of TNF-? also correlated with the percentage of fat and fat mass in the trunk region. According to our results, patients with cSLE, have a higher prevalence of MetS and a central distribution of body fat greater than control subjects. Due to the large involvement of CVD in these patients is necessary routine assessment of MetS and body composition / Mestrado / Pediatria / Mestra em Ciências

Thesis is focused on the analysis of intersexual differences in adiposity markers within urban population of Czech children from 11,00 to 15,99 years. This age range encompasses puberty which is one of the critical periods for the possible development of overweight and obesity. The sample PRAHA 2013 consists of 356 girls and 353 boys which were surveyed for basic anthropometric indicators - body height, body weight, BMI, mid- upper arm circumference and the thickness of four skinfolds. Intersexual differences discovered in measured parameters show statistical significance (p<0,01 resp. p<0,001) and it corresponds with the characteristic changes of pubertal development in both of genders. Testing file PRAHA 2013 against reference standards and its comparison with the results of the last Czechoslovak spartakiade in 1985 points to positive secular trend of increasing body height. However increase in weight parametres is still continuing. Probands from the year 2013 reach higher body weight values, BMI and skinfold thickness in comparison with children of the same age in 1985, 1991 resp. 2001. Significant differences were found out in the most of age categories in both of genders. Keywords: adiposity tissue, subcutaneous fat, skinfolds, body fat distribution, sexual dimorphism, obesity, secular trend

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-07-31T15:18:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Avaliacao_da_composicao_corporal_de_mulheres_recem_diagnosticadas_com_cancer_de_mama.pdf: 745451 bytes, checksum: 92a5d16f1db572c2b6f36e58aecf408f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-31T15:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Avaliacao_da_composicao_corporal_de_mulheres_recem_diagnosticadas_com_cancer_de_mama.pdf: 745451 bytes, checksum: 92a5d16f1db572c2b6f36e58aecf408f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-19 / Introduction: Body composition modification, mainly the increase in total body fat, which is related to a number of illnesses, is an important public health problem, is quite prevalent in breast cancer patents and is directly associated with a negative prognosis for the illness. Objective: To evaluate the body composition, of total body fat and its distribution and lipid profile of women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, at two referral centers in Goiânia, Goiás. Methodology: (Article 1) A cross-sectional, cohort nested study. (Article 2). A case-control study, with 1:1 pairing, carried out in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The data were collected through interviews based on questionnaire, with 62 women, a socio-demographic characterization and an evaluation of body composition using anthropometry including skinfolds (SF) and circumferences, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasonography (USG), besides the evaluation of lipid profile. Were carried an data tabulation (Excel/2003) and analysis (SPSS program, version 8.0) and (STATA, Intercooled Stata 8) and were used descriptive statistics. Was used in the data analyses: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ??t?? test, chi-square for tendency, (Mann-Whitney U), Pearson??s chi-square, Fisher??s exact test, and Yates?? correction, odds ratio, Pearson??s correlation coefficient (r), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and determination index (r2). The level of significance was: p < 0.05. Results: Compared with the controls, women with breast cancer (cases) had lower stature (1.56m±5.68) and (1.59m±6.92); greater body fat as measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) (39.87% ±8.26) and (36.00%±6.85) and (63.98%±6.87); and larger tricipital skinfolds (27.55mm±8.37) and (22.81mm±5.72), respectively. Seventeen (54.84%) cases and 19 (61.29%) controls presented increased abdominal adiposity and 20 (64.52%) of cases and 22 (70.97%) of controls were overweight (BMI ? 25.0 Kg/m2). A moderate concordance (CCC=0.59; r2=0.42; p<0.01) was identified between the methods (BIA and sum of skinfolds - ?SF) for determining body fat (%) and optimal concordance (r2=0.90; CCC=0.91; p<0.01) for body fat (Kg). The comparison between the methods of evaluation body fat distribuition (Waist Circumference (WC) and intra-abdominal thickness (IAT) for (USG) evidenced a moderate concordance (r2=0.49; p<0.01), between the methods. No association was found between the lipid profile and breast cancer occurrence. Conclusions: Women with breast cancer presented lower stature, a greater percentage of body fat and and larger tricipital skinfolds than women without cancer. A moderate concordance, between the methods used in determining total body fat (%) and a optimal concordance in determining body fat (Kg) were found. A moderate concordance were found between the methods in determining body fat distribution (IAT x WC). / Introdução: A modificação da composição corporal, principalmente o aumento da gordura corporal total, que se relaciona com diversas enfermidades, é um importante problema de saúde pública, e bastante prevalente nos pacientes com câncer de mama e se associa diretamente ao mau prognóstico da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar a composição corporal, a gordura corporal total e sua distribuição e o perfil lipídico de mulheres recém-diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, em dois centros de referência, em Goiânia, Goiás. Metodologia: (Artigo 1) Estudo transversal, aninhado a uma coorte. (Artigo 2) Estudo caso-controle, com pareamento de 1:1, realizado em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista direta com 62 mulheres, com caracterização sociodemográfica, avaliação da composição corporal por antropometria, incluindo dobras cutâneas (DC) e circunferências, bioimpedância (BIA) e ultrassonografia (USG), além da avaliação do perfil lipídico. Foram realizadas a tabulação (Excel/2003) e análises dos dados (SPSS, versão 8.0) e (STATA, Intercooled Stata 8), e, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Utilizou-se na análise dos dados: Teste de Kolmogorov-smirnov (distribuição normal das variáveis), teste ??t??, Qui-quadrado de tendência (U de Mann-Whitney), Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Teste Exato de Fisher e Correção de Yates, ??odds ratio??, coeficiente de determinação (r2) e o coeficiente de correlação de concordância (CCC). Considerou-se o nível de significância: p<0,05. Resultados: Comparadas aos controles, mulheres com câncer de mama (casos) apresentaram menor estatura (1,56m±5,68 e 1,59m±6,92); maior gordura corporal, avaliada por BIA (39,87% ±8,26 e 36,00%±6,85) e maior dobra cutânea tricipital (27,55mm±8,37 e 22,81mm±5,72), respectivamente. Dezessete (54,84%) casos e 19 (61,29%) controles apresentaram adiposidade abdominal aumentada e ambos apresentavam excesso de peso, sendo 20 (64,52%) casos e 22 (70,97%) controles. Identificou-se concordância moderada (CCC=0,59; r2=0,42) entre os métodos (BIA e somatório das dobras cutâneas - ?DC) de avaliação da gordura corporal (%) e ótima concordância (CCC=0,91; r2=0,90) para a gordura corporal (Kg). A comparação entre os métodos de avaliação da distribuição da gordura corporal (Circunferência da Cintura - CC e Espessura Intra-abdominal - EIA por USG) evidenciou-se concordância moderada (r2=0,49), entre os métodos. Não foi encontrada associação entre o perfil lipídico e a ocorrência de câncer de mama. Conclusões: Mulheres com câncer de mama apresentaram menor estatura, maior porcentagem de gordura corporal e maior dobra cutânea tricipital que mulheres sem câncer. Encontrou-se concordância moderada, entre os métodos utilizados na avaliação da gordura corporal (%) e ótima concordância para a gordura corporal (Kg). Identificou-se moderada concordância entre os métodos de distribuição da gordura corporal de mulheres (EIA x CC).

Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.