The main argument of this thesis is that the penitentiary crisis in Venezuela is brought about an inept criminal justice system whose functioning (or lack thereof) further exacerbates overcrowding in penitentiary facilities as well as violates the most basic human rights. More elaborately, I argue that the unintentional (mis)use of pre-trial preventive detention, one of the consequences of the inept criminal justice system, further exacerbates the overcrowding in prisons and creates serious human rights implications. The purpose of this study is to establish a connection between the penitentiary crisis in Venezuela, with a focus on pre-trial preventive detention, and the larger criminal justice system failure in the country. The data source and data gathering technique for the thesis consists of a content analysis and a secondary literature review. Since the theoretical framework of the project is international human rights, instruments from the United Nations and the Organization of American States are used. Reports from non-governmental organizations like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones provide the data to conduct the analysis which is specific to pre-trial preventive detention in Venezuela. These reports are produced on a yearly basis and will help to compliment the data obtained from government sources, mainly the Venezuelan Ombudsman's office. The findings of the thesis support the argument that contrary to common belief, the (mis)use of pre-trial preventive detention in Venezuela is in fact mainly accidental, it is not systematic in the sense that it is not targeting a particular group of people due to their political affiliation and/or beliefs. Furthermore, I prove that Venezuelan penitentiary facilities are overcrowded due to the (mis)use of pre-trial preventive detention. Immediate recommendations for the Venezuelan state include re-categorizing the penal population in Venezuela as well as diminishing the use of deprivation of liberty, specifically pre-trial preventive detention.

No description available.

This thesis analyses the political and socioeconomic changes in Venezuela during the presidency of Hugo Chávez. Its main goal is to find out whether the current Venezuelan government has the attributes of an authoritarian regime and what effects have the governmental reforms brought so far in the fields mentioned above.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Frederick Souza.pdf: 880420 bytes, checksum: fee7ec7f2a3ffe4b646599c40b6e98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / This research Bolivarism and Chavism: similarities, mystification and paradoxes intend to make a rescue of the political thought of Simon Bolivar in order to examine how the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, appropriates the legacy of The Liberator . The symbolic expression of Bolivar is analyzed in the light of a reflection on the role of political myths in modern societies. Despite a presumed rationalization of contemporary political life, the myths still present themselves as powerful instruments for the maintenance of consensus and, as in the case of Hugo Chavez, to legitimize and give substance to an alleged proposal to break. Beyond this symbolic dimension, the research aims to answer whether there is indeed a material correspondence between the Bolivarian ideas and the political project undertaken by the Venezuelan president. The hypothesis is that the mythical legacy of Bolivar plays a key role in the Chavez project, but the relationship between Simon Bolivar and Hugo Chavez does not end only in the symbolic plan. Finally, it reflects the relationship of both with the people , indicating that there is, in this particular aspect, a paradoxical component: Chavez subverts the impressions of Bolivar on the masses for supposedly implement the Liberator Hispanic American unfinished project / A pesquisa Bolivarismo e Chavismo: aproximações, mitificação e paradoxos se propõe a fazer um resgate do pensamento político de Simón Bolívar para analisar de que forma o presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, se apropria do legado do Libertador. A expressão simbólica de Bolívar é analisada à luz de uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelos mitos políticos nas sociedades modernas. A despeito de uma presumida racionalização da vida política contemporânea, os mitos ainda se apresentam como vigorosos instrumentos para a manutenção de consensos e, como no caso de Hugo Chávez, para legitimar e dar substância a uma suposta proposta de ruptura. Além desta dimensão simbólica, a pesquisa se propõe a responder se há, efetivamente, uma correspondência material entre o ideário bolivariano e o projeto político levado a cabo pelo presidente venezuelano. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o legado mítico de Bolívar desempenha um papel determinante no projeto chavista, mas que a relação entre Simón Bolívar e Hugo Chávez não se encerra no plano exclusivamente simbólico. Por fim, reflete-se sobre a relação de ambos com o povo , apontando que há, neste aspecto particular, um componente paradoxal: Chávez subverte as impressões de Bolívar acerca das massas para, supostamente, pôr em curso o projeto inacabado pelo Libertador da América hispânica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Frederick Souza.pdf: 880420 bytes, checksum: fee7ec7f2a3ffe4b646599c40b6e98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / This research Bolivarism and Chavism: similarities, mystification and paradoxes intend to make a rescue of the political thought of Simon Bolivar in order to examine how the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, appropriates the legacy of The Liberator . The symbolic expression of Bolivar is analyzed in the light of a reflection on the role of political myths in modern societies. Despite a presumed rationalization of contemporary political life, the myths still present themselves as powerful instruments for the maintenance of consensus and, as in the case of Hugo Chavez, to legitimize and give substance to an alleged proposal to break. Beyond this symbolic dimension, the research aims to answer whether there is indeed a material correspondence between the Bolivarian ideas and the political project undertaken by the Venezuelan president. The hypothesis is that the mythical legacy of Bolivar plays a key role in the Chavez project, but the relationship between Simon Bolivar and Hugo Chavez does not end only in the symbolic plan. Finally, it reflects the relationship of both with the people , indicating that there is, in this particular aspect, a paradoxical component: Chavez subverts the impressions of Bolivar on the masses for supposedly implement the Liberator Hispanic American unfinished project / A pesquisa Bolivarismo e Chavismo: aproximações, mitificação e paradoxos se propõe a fazer um resgate do pensamento político de Simón Bolívar para analisar de que forma o presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, se apropria do legado do Libertador. A expressão simbólica de Bolívar é analisada à luz de uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelos mitos políticos nas sociedades modernas. A despeito de uma presumida racionalização da vida política contemporânea, os mitos ainda se apresentam como vigorosos instrumentos para a manutenção de consensos e, como no caso de Hugo Chávez, para legitimar e dar substância a uma suposta proposta de ruptura. Além desta dimensão simbólica, a pesquisa se propõe a responder se há, efetivamente, uma correspondência material entre o ideário bolivariano e o projeto político levado a cabo pelo presidente venezuelano. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o legado mítico de Bolívar desempenha um papel determinante no projeto chavista, mas que a relação entre Simón Bolívar e Hugo Chávez não se encerra no plano exclusivamente simbólico. Por fim, reflete-se sobre a relação de ambos com o povo , apontando que há, neste aspecto particular, um componente paradoxal: Chávez subverte as impressões de Bolívar acerca das massas para, supostamente, pôr em curso o projeto inacabado pelo Libertador da América hispânica

Orientador: Andréia Galvão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T16:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cicero_PedroHenriquedeMoraes_M.pdf: 1460228 bytes, checksum: 7491cb280a676248d94635a9a71ff3b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A presente dissertação objetiva analisar as principais lutas sociais na Venezuela durante os dois primeiros mandatos do governo comandado por Hugo Chávez Frías (1999-2006). Para tanto, três eixos conceituais permearão o trabalho: as idéias de neoliberalismo, de lutas sociais e a de confronto político. A partir delas serão expostas as conexões entre a vitória conquistada por Hugo Chávez nas eleições de 1998 e duas variáveis: o aumento na quantidade e intensidade dos conflitos sociais durante a década de 1990 (não obstante a debilidade dos movimentos sociais venezuelanos) e os desastrosos resultados obtidos pela investida neoliberal no país. Uma vez eleito, porém, o governo bolivariano pouco avançou no sentido de enfrentar o principal entrave para o contínuo e sustentável desenvolvimento da referida nação: a estrutural dependência de sua economia frente aos proventos advindos do comércio petroleiro. As relações de produção na Venezuela mantiveram-se, pois, eminentemente capitalistas. Houve, entretanto, a partir das transformações impostas pela administração bolivariana, a solidificação um novo "bloco no poder". A atual correlação de forças sociais é reflexo direto do embate entre duas estratégias bastante distintas no seio do chavismo: de um lado a perspectiva hegemônica que estrutura suas ações políticas em práticas partidaristas, hierarquizadas e orientadas "de cima para baixo"; de outro, uma vertente de oposição pautada por esforços no sentido de incentivar a construção de um cenário político no qual os movimentos sociais atuem como forças políticas capazes de comandar a Revolução Bolivariana "de baixo para cima". A alternância entre estas estratégias são uma constante no desenrolar do processo político liderado por Hugo Chávez. Tal dinâmica mostra-se extremamente importante para as análises que buscam entendê-lo em sua totalidade / Abstract: This dissertation aims to explore the major political actions and popular struggles waged in Venezuela during the first two terms of the administration led by Hugo Chávez Frías (1999-2006). To this end, three central bases permeate the debate: the concepts of neoliberalism, social struggles and political confrontation. They all are necessary to express the clear interface between the victory by Hugo Chávez in the 1998 election and two variables: despite the weakness of the Venezuelan social movements, the increase in the quantity and intensity of social conflicts and, also, the disastrous results obtained by the neoliberal onslaught during the 1990s. However, once elected, the Chávez government has advanced little in order to confront the main obstacle to the continued and sustainable development of the country: its economy structurally depends on the proceeds from the oil market. In this sense, it is clear that the relations of production in Venezuela remained essentially capitalists. Yet, there was, since the transformations imposed by the Bolivarian administration, the solidification of a new "bloc in power". The current power correlation of social forces is a direct reflection of the clash between two very different strategies within the chavismo: in one side, the hegemonic perspective "top down", whose actions are structured in partisan and hierarchically oriented orders from the political party; on the another side, the view "bottom up": a strand of opposition guided by efforts to encourage the construction of a reality on which social movements end up acting as political forces capable of commanding the Bolivarian revolution "from below". The alternations between these strategies are constant in the course of the experience led by Hugo Chávez and, for that mean, are extremely important to analyze its entirety / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

Cette thèse a pour objet les corrélations existant entre le leadership charismatique populiste et la politique extérieure vénézuélienne alors que, traditionnellement, ces deux objets sont considérés indépendamment l’un de l’autre. L’étude géo-historique de la construction de l’État-Nation vénézuélien aux XIXe et début du XXe siècles explique celle d’une « identité de corps ». L’État précède la Nation qui se construit par le conflit externe et la reconnaissance mutuelle, à la faveur de leaderships politiques dominants (personnalistes et/ou autoritaires) et, pour surmonter le traumatisme suscité par ces conflits et l’échec du projet supranational réunificateur (Grande Colombie), de représentations politiques mythifiantes du peuple et du pouvoir. Ce processus présage le façonnage d’une matrice populiste du politique ayant vocation à compléter cette identité en prolongeant l’interpellation du peuple, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur. Ce travail se focalise alors sur les mécanismes de construction et de routinisation du leadership charismatique populiste d’Hugo Chávez Frías et étudie les canaux de diffusion et de globalisation de ce type de leadership qui sont aussi ceux de la diplomatie multiple « bolivarienne ». Ainsi, le peuple n’est plus seulement un groupement de nationaux vénézuéliens mais une communauté « bolivarienne » plus élargie. Le populisme n’est plus envisagé comme un moment ni comme s’exprimant exclusivement sur le territoire national, mais comme un système global qui alimente autant qu’il se nourrit de l’autre et de l’extérieur. La politique extérieure peut alors être analysée sous l’angle d’une politique transnationalisée. / This thesis aims to show evidence for existing correlations between populist charismatic leadership and the Venezuelan foreign policy, whilst these two topics are traditionally considered independently from each other. The geo-historical study of the construction of the Venezuelan nation state in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries explains its « corporate identity ». The state precedes the nation that builds up from external conflict and mutual recognition, for dominant political leadership reasons (personalistic and / or authoritarian), and to overcome the trauma caused by the conflict and the failure of the unifying supranational project (Gran Colombia) by mythifying political representations of the people and power. This process suggests the shaping of a populist political matrix aiming to complete this identity by prolonging the appeal to the people, both inside and outside the country. The work then focuses on mechanisms aiming at building and routinizing Hugo Chávez Frías’s charismatic and populist leadership. It also studies the broadcasting channels and the globalization of this type of leadership which are similar to the « Bolivarian » multiple diplomacy. Thus, the people are no longer just a group of Venezuelan nationals but a much wider « Bolivarian » community. Populism is no longer conceived as a moment nor considered as expressing itself exclusively within the country, but as a global system that feeds as much as it is fed from others and from the outside. Foreign policy can thus be analyzed in terms of a transnationalized policy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Buzetto.pdf: 1600822 bytes, checksum: 4ebd29ac535cbe031d1b8e2acdeaed90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The focus of this research is the strategic importance of national defense in the development of so-called "Bolivarian Revolution", a process underway in Venezuela. We intend to use as a reference several theoretical works that are in the field of Marxism, and authors who, while not having total affinity with this current of contemporary thought, made a significant contribution to the study of Art of War and the Theory of Strategy. The key to our work will be an evaluation of the Bolivarian New Military Doctrine and its relation to the strategy known as "War of All the People" (WAP). We also seek to check what are the contradictions and innovations brought about by the process of political, economical and social transformation in Venezuela for the study of national defense in an anti-imperialist perspective / O foco desta pesquisa é a importância estratégica da defesa nacional no desenvolvimento da chamada Revolução Bolivariana, processo em curso na Venezuela. Pretendemos utilizar como referência teórica diversas obras que se encontram no campo do marxismo, além de autores que, mesmo não tendo total afinidade com esta corrente do pensamento contemporâneo, deram uma contribuição significativa para o estudo da Arte da Guerra e da Teoria da Estratégia. O principal em nosso trabalho será uma avaliação da Nova Doutrina Militar Bolivariana e sua relação com a estratégia conhecida como Guerra de Todo o Povo (GTP). Também procuramos verificar quais são as contradições e as inovações trazidas pelo processo de transformação política, econômica e social na Venezuela para o estudo da defesa nacional numa perspectiva antiimperialista

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Buzetto.pdf: 1600822 bytes, checksum: 4ebd29ac535cbe031d1b8e2acdeaed90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The focus of this research is the strategic importance of national defense in the development of so-called "Bolivarian Revolution", a process underway in Venezuela. We intend to use as a reference several theoretical works that are in the field of Marxism, and authors who, while not having total affinity with this current of contemporary thought, made a significant contribution to the study of Art of War and the Theory of Strategy. The key to our work will be an evaluation of the Bolivarian New Military Doctrine and its relation to the strategy known as "War of All the People" (WAP). We also seek to check what are the contradictions and innovations brought about by the process of political, economical and social transformation in Venezuela for the study of national defense in an anti-imperialist perspective / O foco desta pesquisa é a importância estratégica da defesa nacional no desenvolvimento da chamada Revolução Bolivariana, processo em curso na Venezuela. Pretendemos utilizar como referência teórica diversas obras que se encontram no campo do marxismo, além de autores que, mesmo não tendo total afinidade com esta corrente do pensamento contemporâneo, deram uma contribuição significativa para o estudo da Arte da Guerra e da Teoria da Estratégia. O principal em nosso trabalho será uma avaliação da Nova Doutrina Militar Bolivariana e sua relação com a estratégia conhecida como Guerra de Todo o Povo (GTP). Também procuramos verificar quais são as contradições e as inovações trazidas pelo processo de transformação política, econômica e social na Venezuela para o estudo da defesa nacional numa perspectiva antiimperialista

Using a Marxist perspective, this thesis examines Venezuela’s Socialist Production Units (SPU). SPUs have emerged as a clear alternative to the neoliberal model that characterized Venezuela and most of Latin America for the past 30 years. However, SPUs exist within capitalism and their political economy remains contradictory, a reality that manifests in the concrete experiences of their workers. Although facing contradictory experiences, SPU workers are acquiring important learning that challenges dominant market relations and builds the preconditions for a new, more just society. This learning is being acquired informally, in particular, through workers’ democratic participation in their SPU. For these reasons, SPUs should be considered important sites where revolutionary praxis is taking place. Therefore, I conclude, SPUs are making a significant contribution to the building of ‘socialism in the 21st century’, but further struggles, in particular, against the state bureaucracy and large local landowners are needed to advance their goals.