Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo crítico do romance Sem tecto, entre ruínas, de Augusto Abelaira. Inicialmente é feita a análise sobre as possíveis consequências de uma apreensão descontínua e material do tempo, seus efeitos nas relações entre o protagonista e seu mundo, que se apresentam sob a forma de tédio e paralisia. Para a crítica proposta foram retomados conceitos descontinuidade e homogeneidade apresentados pelo filósofo Henri Bergson, além da noção de desligamento e desejo demonstrados pela sociologia de Zigmunt Bauman. O próximo alvo contemplado na pesquisa é a presença da memória e da lembrança indicados sob o ponto de vista contínuo do tempo, também analisados à luz da filosofia de Bergson, além do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze. A partir desse caminho investigativo é possível pensar a condição do protagonista como um confronto de si, uma experiência do tempo que traz uma revelação mediante a condição de ser tarde demais / This work provides a critical analysis on the novel Sem tecto, entre ruínas by Augusto Abelaira. In the first instance this study begans with the analysis of the possible consequences aroused by a material apprehension of time as well as its impact on relations between the protagonist and the world in which he lives, wich are presented by the feelings of boredom and paralysis. For the proposed work were taken up concepts of discontinuance and homogeneity created by the philosopher Henri Bergson, as well as the notion of detachment and desire demonstrated by the sociology of Zigmunt Bauman. The next target contemplated in the research is the presence of memory and recollection indicated under the point of view of continuous time, also examined by the philosophy of Bergson, in addition to the thought of Gilles Deleuze. Based on this investigative path is possible to consider the condition of the protagonist as a confront with itself, an experience of time that brings up a revelation upon the condition of being too late

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neide Aparecida de Oliveira Santos Aoki.pdf: 866218 bytes, checksum: 1953aef49a9114bfc475ae778a1e8b0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Civilization has experienced a new discomfort. Despite the great technological advances, there still exist feelings of mental inertia, of loneliness and of a non-sense life. Individuals are anonymous, suffer from abandonment with no chance for singularity. The psychoanalytic clinic today expresses this pounding symptom being the main complaints this vague sensation of emptiness, meaninfullness, difficulty in having an identity and love for oneself. Psychoanalysis has emphasized the increasing necessity to highlight what has conventionally been called the pathology of emptiness that is, the clinical approach that is close to psychosis, the relationship with others and the fragile egoic structure that represent neuvragic issues. Analysts are challenged to accept a relationship with nothing , to experience the abysm of no me without being absorbed by it. The opportunity of being with these patients has been a necessary topic for the psychoanalyst reflection. Literature presents the awakening of these questions alerting for its urgency. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring the emptiness experiences exposed by these patients with the theoretical about the theme in order to understand the peculiarities of such psychic behavior, to think of ways of reaching it, to look for literary and cinematographic works that give voice and form to this mental state once words are almost inexistent. So, there can be a deep ludic proximity of such primitive living experience of not being . Theory and art interact to try to reach the indescribable of the analytic involvement with such patients guided by the reasons that could be enhancing this lethargic mental state and the barriers that could prevent the changes. Would it be possible to exist some specification of the analytical work in such cases? Consequently the theoretical conceptual psychoanalytic referential was adopted. The core are the bionianas theories plus the contribution from Tustin and A. Ferro that broaden the Bion´s view concerning thought structures and autisticos functioning and emotions blunt. The illustrative artistic works such as A menina de lá by Guimarães Rosa, Bartley by Melville, A hora da estrela by Lispector, A sonata de outono by Bergamn and The Martin Child by Bass and Tolins display the live theory. This is an attempt to translate in a symbolic and representative way nuances of investigated themes. Patients and analysts dressed as characters were bestowed with the artist delicateness and with knowledge strength supported by theory. During the investigative way it is possible to conclude that feelings of emptiness and no meaning have their roots in early environmental failures. The mother presence attending the child´s necessities interfere with tolerance incapacity toward frustration when there is no available forms to deal with it. This fact leads to an affection and vital impulse blockage that develops inhibitions, emptiness sensation and boredom. These patients were prevented from having the minimal conditions to connect with themselves without threats. This way they refrain emotions as they are felt as a catastrophic threat. The relationship with these patients, therefore demands patience and vitality to approach a mind in which threat to bond is the main characteristic. This could help this abysm unspeakably bad / Atualmente, vivemos um novo mal-estar da civilização. A despeito de tantos avanços e desenvolvimentos, paira um sentimento de inércia mental, de isolamento e falta de sentido. A dor do desamparo parece aumentada, e os indivíduos se desfazem no anonimato, sem que haja espaço para a singularidade. Esse modo de viver e sentir se torna, pois, a sintomatologia latejante da clínica psicanalítica atual, em que as queixas têm sido de uma ausência de significado, de dificuldade para definir e gostar de si próprios, no que se convencionou denominar novas patologias do vazio. Trata-se, pois, de um funcionamento clínico que se aproxima da psicose, no qual a relação com o outro e a fragilidade da estrutura egóica representam pontos nevrálgicos. Descortina-se um convite aos analistas, o de ousar aceitarem a relação com o nada , experimentando o abismo do não-eu, sem que sejam por ele devorados. Diante dessa demanda, esta dissertação tem como objetivo explorar as vivências de vazio apresentadas por esses pacientes por meio do aprofundamento teórico sobre o tema, de modo a compreender as peculiaridades de tal funcionamento psíquico e pensar em modos de alcançá-lo. Para aprofundar o tema, foi adotado o referencial teórico-conceitual psicanalítico, tendo como eixo as teorias bionianas, acrescidas das contribuições de Tustin e A. Ferro, as quais ampliam o olhar de Bion no pensamento das estruturas e funcionamentos autísticos e embotamento das emoções. Haveria então alguma especificidade do trabalho analítico em tais casos? Também foram escolhidas obras literárias e cinematográficas para dar voz e forma a este estado mental em que as palavras pouco habitam, de modo a permitir uma aproximação profunda e lúdica dessa vivência tão primitiva do não ser, tendo como questões norteadoras os fatores que poderiam estar atuando como possíveis desencadeadores desse estado mental letárgico e quais os impeditivos das mudanças. São elas: A menina de lá , de Guimarães Rosa; Bartleby de Herman Melville; A hora da estrela , de Clarice Lispector; A Sonata de Outono de Ingmar Bergman e Martian Child , de Bass e Tolins, traduzem de forma simbólica e representativa nuances dos temas investigados. Pacientes e analista, vestidos de personagens, foram então contemplados com a delicadeza do artista e a firmeza do conhecimento sustentado pela teoria. Ao longo do percurso investigativo, foi possível concluir que os sentimentos de vazio e falta de sentido se enraízam em vivências precoces de falhas nos investimentos do ambiente, especialmente da figura materna, podendo prejudicar a capacidade de tolerância à frustração, bloqueio da afetividade e do impulso vital, gerando inibições, sensações de vazio e tédio. A esses mesmos pacientes faltaram as condições mínimas para que pudessem conectar-se consigo mesmos, de maneira menos ameaçadora, tornando-se defendidos em relação às emoções, sentidas como iminência de catástrofe. A relação com tais pacientes exige, assim, paciência e vitalidade, para que possamos nos aproximar de uma mente em que o ataque ao vínculo é a principal característica, ajudando a alfabetizar seu abismo até então inominável

Este estudo apresenta uma investigação de como o uso das técnicas de Visualização Computacional (VC) podem servir no apoio à identificação do interesse do aluno em ambientes de Educação a Distância (EaD). Esta pesquisa se fundamenta nas premissas de que grande parte da comunicação ocorre através da Comunicação Não-Verbal e o estado afetivo de interesse pode ser reconhecido através da visualização interpessoal. Na realização deste trabalho, foi necessária uma revisão da literatura relacionada aos temas Afetividade, especificamente, Estado Afetivo de Interesse, Comportamento Visualizável, Comunicação Não Verbal, Análise de Expressões Faciais, Análise de Gestos e Posturas, Cognição e Técnicas de Sensoriamento Visual. A teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa responde pela concepção epistemológica, metodológica e experimental. Sob sua ótica foram preparados os materiais didáticos que compuseram os experimentos e o objeto de aprendizagem SQLOA. Foram construídos artefatos de software que apoiam a captura dos vídeos dos alunos durante atividades de aprendizagem e que permitiram a realização dos experimentos. Os artefatos desenvolvidos são: um framework, uma ferramenta e um objeto de aprendizagem, assim denominados: WICFramework, QuizWebcamXML e SQLOA. Eles permitem dotar os ambientes de ensino de mecanismos de Visualização Computacional, razão pela qual foram importantes instrumentos para o alcance dos objetivos propostos. Trinta e um alunos, correspondendo a três turmas da disciplina de Administração para Banco de Dados do Curso de Sistema de Informação do Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, foram submetidos ao SQLOA e tiveram sua interação capturada em vídeos. A estratégia metodológica compôs-se do levantamento dos Movimentos Corporais Gestuais e Posturais (MCGPs) visualizáveis, e a associação desses aos Estados Afetivos de Interesse e Tédio, testando e definindo os indicadores teóricos que melhor se aplicam a técnicas de VC em ambientes de EaD. A partir da definição dos principais Indicadores de Interesse, construiu-se um Esquema para Identificação do Interesse e um Modelo para Inferência de Interesse, auxiliando profissionais da educação a aplicarem a técnica. / This study presents an investigation on how the use of Computational Visualization (CV) techniques can support the identification of learners’ interest in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs). The research was based on the premise that communication occurs mostly through non-verbal communication and that the affective state of interest can be identified by interpersonal visualization. For this study, it was necessary to undertake a review of the literature on topics such as Affect, in particular, Affective State of Interest, Visible Behavior, Non-Verbal Communication, Analysis of Facial Expressions, Analysis of Body Gestures and Postures, Cognition, and Visual Sensing Techniques. Principles of the Meaningful Learning Theory were used in the epistemological, methodological and experimental concept of the research theme. This theoretical framework supported the preparation of didactic materials used in the experiments, and the design of the learning object SQLOA. Software artifacts were built to conduct experiments, including video recording of students during learning activities. The following artifacts were developed: a framework (WICFramework), a tool (QuizWebcamXML), and a learning object (SQLOA). Since they can provide VLEs with computational visualization mechanisms, these artifacts were important in reaching the objectives proposed for this study. Thirty-one students, enrolled in the subject Data Bank Management in the Information Systems Course at the Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, used SQLOA, and their interaction was captured in videos. The methodological strategy included the observation of Body Gesture and Postural Movements (BGPM), and their association with the Affective States of Interest and Boredom, as well as testing and definition of the theoretical indicators that best support CV techniques in VLEs. Following the definition of the main Indicators of Interest, guidelines were created to assist distance education professionals in the application of such technique.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo crítico do romance Sem tecto, entre ruínas, de Augusto Abelaira. Inicialmente é feita a análise sobre as possíveis consequências de uma apreensão descontínua e material do tempo, seus efeitos nas relações entre o protagonista e seu mundo, que se apresentam sob a forma de tédio e paralisia. Para a crítica proposta foram retomados conceitos descontinuidade e homogeneidade apresentados pelo filósofo Henri Bergson, além da noção de desligamento e desejo demonstrados pela sociologia de Zigmunt Bauman. O próximo alvo contemplado na pesquisa é a presença da memória e da lembrança indicados sob o ponto de vista contínuo do tempo, também analisados à luz da filosofia de Bergson, além do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze. A partir desse caminho investigativo é possível pensar a condição do protagonista como um confronto de si, uma experiência do tempo que traz uma revelação mediante a condição de ser tarde demais / This work provides a critical analysis on the novel Sem tecto, entre ruínas by Augusto Abelaira. In the first instance this study begans with the analysis of the possible consequences aroused by a material apprehension of time as well as its impact on relations between the protagonist and the world in which he lives, wich are presented by the feelings of boredom and paralysis. For the proposed work were taken up concepts of discontinuance and homogeneity created by the philosopher Henri Bergson, as well as the notion of detachment and desire demonstrated by the sociology of Zigmunt Bauman. The next target contemplated in the research is the presence of memory and recollection indicated under the point of view of continuous time, also examined by the philosophy of Bergson, in addition to the thought of Gilles Deleuze. Based on this investigative path is possible to consider the condition of the protagonist as a confront with itself, an experience of time that brings up a revelation upon the condition of being too late

Este estudo apresenta uma investigação de como o uso das técnicas de Visualização Computacional (VC) podem servir no apoio à identificação do interesse do aluno em ambientes de Educação a Distância (EaD). Esta pesquisa se fundamenta nas premissas de que grande parte da comunicação ocorre através da Comunicação Não-Verbal e o estado afetivo de interesse pode ser reconhecido através da visualização interpessoal. Na realização deste trabalho, foi necessária uma revisão da literatura relacionada aos temas Afetividade, especificamente, Estado Afetivo de Interesse, Comportamento Visualizável, Comunicação Não Verbal, Análise de Expressões Faciais, Análise de Gestos e Posturas, Cognição e Técnicas de Sensoriamento Visual. A teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa responde pela concepção epistemológica, metodológica e experimental. Sob sua ótica foram preparados os materiais didáticos que compuseram os experimentos e o objeto de aprendizagem SQLOA. Foram construídos artefatos de software que apoiam a captura dos vídeos dos alunos durante atividades de aprendizagem e que permitiram a realização dos experimentos. Os artefatos desenvolvidos são: um framework, uma ferramenta e um objeto de aprendizagem, assim denominados: WICFramework, QuizWebcamXML e SQLOA. Eles permitem dotar os ambientes de ensino de mecanismos de Visualização Computacional, razão pela qual foram importantes instrumentos para o alcance dos objetivos propostos. Trinta e um alunos, correspondendo a três turmas da disciplina de Administração para Banco de Dados do Curso de Sistema de Informação do Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, foram submetidos ao SQLOA e tiveram sua interação capturada em vídeos. A estratégia metodológica compôs-se do levantamento dos Movimentos Corporais Gestuais e Posturais (MCGPs) visualizáveis, e a associação desses aos Estados Afetivos de Interesse e Tédio, testando e definindo os indicadores teóricos que melhor se aplicam a técnicas de VC em ambientes de EaD. A partir da definição dos principais Indicadores de Interesse, construiu-se um Esquema para Identificação do Interesse e um Modelo para Inferência de Interesse, auxiliando profissionais da educação a aplicarem a técnica. / This study presents an investigation on how the use of Computational Visualization (CV) techniques can support the identification of learners’ interest in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs). The research was based on the premise that communication occurs mostly through non-verbal communication and that the affective state of interest can be identified by interpersonal visualization. For this study, it was necessary to undertake a review of the literature on topics such as Affect, in particular, Affective State of Interest, Visible Behavior, Non-Verbal Communication, Analysis of Facial Expressions, Analysis of Body Gestures and Postures, Cognition, and Visual Sensing Techniques. Principles of the Meaningful Learning Theory were used in the epistemological, methodological and experimental concept of the research theme. This theoretical framework supported the preparation of didactic materials used in the experiments, and the design of the learning object SQLOA. Software artifacts were built to conduct experiments, including video recording of students during learning activities. The following artifacts were developed: a framework (WICFramework), a tool (QuizWebcamXML), and a learning object (SQLOA). Since they can provide VLEs with computational visualization mechanisms, these artifacts were important in reaching the objectives proposed for this study. Thirty-one students, enrolled in the subject Data Bank Management in the Information Systems Course at the Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, used SQLOA, and their interaction was captured in videos. The methodological strategy included the observation of Body Gesture and Postural Movements (BGPM), and their association with the Affective States of Interest and Boredom, as well as testing and definition of the theoretical indicators that best support CV techniques in VLEs. Following the definition of the main Indicators of Interest, guidelines were created to assist distance education professionals in the application of such technique.

Este estudo apresenta uma investigação de como o uso das técnicas de Visualização Computacional (VC) podem servir no apoio à identificação do interesse do aluno em ambientes de Educação a Distância (EaD). Esta pesquisa se fundamenta nas premissas de que grande parte da comunicação ocorre através da Comunicação Não-Verbal e o estado afetivo de interesse pode ser reconhecido através da visualização interpessoal. Na realização deste trabalho, foi necessária uma revisão da literatura relacionada aos temas Afetividade, especificamente, Estado Afetivo de Interesse, Comportamento Visualizável, Comunicação Não Verbal, Análise de Expressões Faciais, Análise de Gestos e Posturas, Cognição e Técnicas de Sensoriamento Visual. A teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa responde pela concepção epistemológica, metodológica e experimental. Sob sua ótica foram preparados os materiais didáticos que compuseram os experimentos e o objeto de aprendizagem SQLOA. Foram construídos artefatos de software que apoiam a captura dos vídeos dos alunos durante atividades de aprendizagem e que permitiram a realização dos experimentos. Os artefatos desenvolvidos são: um framework, uma ferramenta e um objeto de aprendizagem, assim denominados: WICFramework, QuizWebcamXML e SQLOA. Eles permitem dotar os ambientes de ensino de mecanismos de Visualização Computacional, razão pela qual foram importantes instrumentos para o alcance dos objetivos propostos. Trinta e um alunos, correspondendo a três turmas da disciplina de Administração para Banco de Dados do Curso de Sistema de Informação do Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, foram submetidos ao SQLOA e tiveram sua interação capturada em vídeos. A estratégia metodológica compôs-se do levantamento dos Movimentos Corporais Gestuais e Posturais (MCGPs) visualizáveis, e a associação desses aos Estados Afetivos de Interesse e Tédio, testando e definindo os indicadores teóricos que melhor se aplicam a técnicas de VC em ambientes de EaD. A partir da definição dos principais Indicadores de Interesse, construiu-se um Esquema para Identificação do Interesse e um Modelo para Inferência de Interesse, auxiliando profissionais da educação a aplicarem a técnica. / This study presents an investigation on how the use of Computational Visualization (CV) techniques can support the identification of learners’ interest in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs). The research was based on the premise that communication occurs mostly through non-verbal communication and that the affective state of interest can be identified by interpersonal visualization. For this study, it was necessary to undertake a review of the literature on topics such as Affect, in particular, Affective State of Interest, Visible Behavior, Non-Verbal Communication, Analysis of Facial Expressions, Analysis of Body Gestures and Postures, Cognition, and Visual Sensing Techniques. Principles of the Meaningful Learning Theory were used in the epistemological, methodological and experimental concept of the research theme. This theoretical framework supported the preparation of didactic materials used in the experiments, and the design of the learning object SQLOA. Software artifacts were built to conduct experiments, including video recording of students during learning activities. The following artifacts were developed: a framework (WICFramework), a tool (QuizWebcamXML), and a learning object (SQLOA). Since they can provide VLEs with computational visualization mechanisms, these artifacts were important in reaching the objectives proposed for this study. Thirty-one students, enrolled in the subject Data Bank Management in the Information Systems Course at the Instituto Federal Fluminense, RJ, used SQLOA, and their interaction was captured in videos. The methodological strategy included the observation of Body Gesture and Postural Movements (BGPM), and their association with the Affective States of Interest and Boredom, as well as testing and definition of the theoretical indicators that best support CV techniques in VLEs. Following the definition of the main Indicators of Interest, guidelines were created to assist distance education professionals in the application of such technique.

Simultaneously listening to music whilst doing other tasks has become more common with the development of mobile technology and the rise of streaming platforms, but what affect does listening to music have on task performance? There have been several theories on this both advocating for and against the effects of music. This study has two primary questions to answer. Does background noise (condition 1: no music, condition 2: music with words, condition 3: same music without words) influence reading comprehension, and does how well individuals perform on complex tasks correlate with individual differences particularly their ability to media multitask and their boredom proneness. The findings are generally in-line with the consensus of prior research that music does have a negative impact on complex tasks when compared to performing them without auditory stimuli. Although there are differences depending on what stimuli is used. A correlation was found that has not been extensively studied by prior research to my knowledge. It pertains to the relationship of media multitasking and boredom proneness. It seems like the higher an individual’s MM score is the lower their BP score will be, on average. What implications this might have for the larger attention research field needs to be further explored before any inference can be made. The ANOVA and regression results for the other variables showed no significant correlations. / Att lyssna på musik samtidigt som man utför andra uppgifter har blivit allt vanligare med utvecklingen av mobil teknik och uppkomsten av streamingplattformar, men vilken påverkan har egentligen musiklyssnande på uppgiftprestanda. Det har funnits flera teorier om detta som förespråkande för och emot effekterna av musik. Denna studie har primärt två frågor att svara på. Påverkar bakgrundsljud (villkor 1: ingen musik, villkor 2: musik med ord, villkor 3: samma musik utan ord) läsförståelsen, och finns det ett samband mellan hur bra en individ utför en komplex uppgift, och individuella skillnader, särskilt förmågan för "media multitasking" och deras "boredom proneness". Resultaten är allmänt i linje med konsensusen från tidigare forskning att musik har en negativ inverkan på komplexa uppgifter jämfört med att utföra dem utan auditivt stimuli. Även om det finns skillnader i inverkan beroende på vilka stimuli som används. En korrelation hittades som inte har undersökts noggrant genom tidigare forskning, enligt min vetskap. Det avser förhållandet mellan "media multitasking" och "boredom proneness". Det verkar som att ju högre en individs MM-poäng är desto lägre blir deras BP-poäng. Vilka konsekvenser detta kan ha för forskningsfältet i stort är svårt att säga och måste undersökas ytterligare innan någon slutsats kan göras. Resultaten från utförd ANOVA och regressionsanalys påvisade inga andra signifikanta korrelationer mellan de andra variablerna i insamlade data.

The Covid-19-pandemic has had a profound impact on people's everyday lives, disrupting routines and forcing individuals to adapt to new challenges and restrictions. One of the somewhat significant changes brought with the pandemic has been in consumption behavior, whereas many people were altering their purchasing habits in response to the crisis. Such as impulse buying behavior. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to examine how individuals’ impulse buying behavior changed during as well as after the pandemic in Sweden. Additional purpose was to investigate which factors that influenced the changed behavior with a focus on contentment, loneliness, fear and boredom. Empirical data was collected through a qualitative study with focus groups divided into three different age intervals, where the participants answered and discussed a series of questions. The results of the study indicate that the majority of individuals did not experience a significant increase or decrease in their impulse consumption habits during the pandemic, but with a notable shift in the types of products being purchased. Fear as a factor appeared as to the risk of infection, as well as towards the stores running out of stock. Online consumption was also the chosen alternative way to consume, yet consumption of food continued to be purchased through physical stores. Findings also showed that various emotions appeared with impulse consumption and variated throughout the groups. While positive feelings arise with an impulse purchase, the feeling then turns into anxiety. Boredom and loneliness was identified as a motivating factor, however not for all participants. As the pandemic was established to have reached its end, individuals reverted back to their pre-pandemic purchasing ways once physical stores reopened and social interactions resumed as normal. Overall, the study wants to contribute to further knowledge and understanding of what can influence individuals' consumption behavior. This research study will be written in swedish. / Covid-19-pandemin har haft en djupgående inverkan på människors vardag, hindrat rutiner och tvingat individer att anpassa sig till nya utmaningar och restriktioner. Till följd av pandemin visade konsumtionsbeteenden på en markant förändring, dock snarare en omdirigering av vad som konsumeras. Syftet med studien var således att undersöka hur konsumtionsbeteenden, med fokus på impulsköp, har förändrats under såväl som efter pandemin i Sverige. Syftet var även att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkade det förändrade konsumtionsbeteendet med en inriktning på tillfredsställelse, ensamhet, rädsla och tristess. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes via fokusgrupper genom en uppdelning i tre olika åldersintervall där informanterna svarade och diskuterade ett antal frågor. Resultatet av studien visar att majoriteten av individerna inte upplevde någon signifikant ökning eller minskning i sina impulskonsumtionsvanor under pandemin, men med en anmärkningsvärd förändring i de typer av produkter som köptes. Rädsla som faktor förekom vid smittorisk samt vad gäller att produkter ska ta slut. Onlinekonsumtionen var också det alternativ som valdes, men livsmedel fortsatte att köpas i fysiska butiker. Resultaten visade även att olika känslor förekom i samband med impulskonsumtion och varierade mellan grupperna. Medan positiva känslor uppstår vid ett impulsköp övergår känslan sedan i ångest. Tristess och ensamhet identifierades som en motiverande faktor, dock inte för alla deltagare. När pandemin konstaterades ha nått sitt slut återgick individerna till sitt köpbeteende före pandemin när de fysiska butikerna öppnade igen och det sociala samhället återupptogs som vanligt. Slutligen vill studien bidra till ytterligare kunskap och förståelse om vad som kan påverka individers konsumtionsbeteenden.

Currently, many companies face the problem of IT employee exhaustion. Reports state that network and software engineers feel exhausted due to an elevated workload resulting from the increased demand for digitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Moreover, remote work has been associated with a loss of motivation and boredom among some employees. Job rotation is a management technique widely used to increase motivation and expand the skillset of employees. While studies investigating the effects of job rotation on the working conditions of IT employees exist, these date back to the period before the pandemic. This thesis aims to investigate the potential of using job rotation with several network and software engineers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European and North American markets. In other terms, this master thesis is a case study that investigates the specific community of these 44 software and network engineers. Therefore, I collected data in the form of responses of software and network engineers in interviews and a survey, for qualitative and quantitative research respectively. This study provides important insights and forms a base for the further investigation of the potential of job rotation for the maintenance of sustainable working conditions for IT employees during a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The case study shows how job rotation may promote social sustainability. / För närvarande möter många företag problemet med utmattning av IT -anställda. Rapporter säger att nätverks- och programvaruutvecklare känner sig utmattade på grund av en ökad arbetsbelastning till följd av den ökade efterfrågan på digitalisering under COVID-19-pandemin orsakad av coronaviruset SARS-CoV2. Dessutom har distansarbete förknippats med förlust av motivation och tristess bland vissa anställda. Jobbrotation är en ledningsteknik som används i stor utsträckning för att öka motivationen och utöka de anställdas kompetens. Medan studier som undersöker effekterna av arbetsrotation på IT -anställdas arbetsförhållanden finns, går dessa tillbaka till perioden före pandemin. Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka potentialen för att använda jobbrotation med ett antal nätverksingenjör och programvaruutvecklare under COVID-19-pandemin på de europeiska och nordamerikanska marknaderna. Med andra ord är detta examensarbete en fallstudie som undersöker den specifika gemenskapen hos dessa 44 programvaruutvecklare och nätverksingenjörer. Därför samlade jag in data i form av svar från programvaruutvecklare och nätverksingenjörer i intervjuer och en undersökning, för kvalitativ respektive kvantitativ forskning. Denna studie ger viktiga insikter och utgör en grund för den fortsatta undersökningen av potentialen för jobbrotation för att upprätthålla hållbara arbetsförhållanden för IT-anställda under en global kris som COVID-19-pandemin. Fallstudien visar hur jobbrotation kan stödja social hållbarhet.

Making video recordings of large classroom lectures and putting them online is increasingly common in distance and blended learning courses. However, the best way to use lecture video is not well understood. Using long streams of one-way communication is not consistent with best practices in online learning. During lectures, students assume a largely passive role. They think faster than instructors speak, so boredom and daydreaming are common. Yet, when complex or novel ideas are presented, students may have inadequate time to encode, organize, and integrate the input with prior experience. Especially for students with low prior knowledge of the subject being discussed, the lecture is a cognitive and affective roller coaster ride that works at cross purposes with learning. Viewing a lecture that was recorded at an earlier time adds the element of temporal distance from the learning event, and changes the student’s role from participant to spectator. The present study investigated whether learning could be increased and perceptions of difficulty reduced when a captured lecture received a “makeover” before being put online. The makeover consisted of 1) editing the lecture video in accordance with the cognitive theory of multimedia learning; 2) processing the video using best practices for audio/video production; and 3) increasing the video playback speed. The research design for the study was quasiexperimental. The independent variable was captured lecture form (edited or unedited). The dependent variables were learning results for recognition and recall, and perceptions of difficulty. Data analysis employed independent-samples t-tests, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and repeated-measures MANOVA. Conclusions were that the editing protocol made no significant difference in learning gains for recognition or recall, and did not significantly affect perceptions of difficulty. However, editing did result in a 39% reduction in the length of the lecture, raising the possibility that such a makeover might allow for faster learning when lecture video is used.