This report covers the work and results of the thesis project in Mechanical Engineering from Luleå university of technology performed by Niklas Ydebäck. The objective of the thesis project is to research if it is possible, with general principles of fluid flow between components and the corresponding geometric constraints between them and just a few channels of data, to model the leakage of a radial piston hydraulic motor. The model is of the grey box kind which makes use of both numerical and statistical methods together with known physical properties of a system in order to model the system. The unknown parameters of this system that are estimated using the least squares method are the three different gap heights of the system as well as the two different eccentricities in the system. The model contains the physical properties of the system, stated in equations for the leakage in the relevant lubrication interfaces, but no relational properties for the dynamics and affects between the individual lubricating interfaces. The model developed is due to the model generality together with the data quality accessible not able to model the system with reliable quality. The model is however able to capture the general trend of the leakage in the system over the applied time series datasets. / Den här rapporten presenterar arbetsgången och resultatet av examensarbetet för en civilingenjörsexamen i Maskinteknik från Luleå tekniska universitet utförd av Niklas Ydebäck. Målet med examensarbetet är att utvärdera och undersöka om det är möjligt, med generella och vedertagna principer av fluidflöde mellan smorda komponenter tillsammans med de geometriska begränsningarna som hör dem till och några få kanaler av data, att modellera läckaget för en radialkolvsmotor. Modellen är en grålådemodell som med hjälp av numeriska och statistiska metoder och kända fysikaliska principer av ett system bildar en modell av systemet. De okända parametrarna av systemet som estimeras med hjälp av minsta kvadrat metoden är de tre olika typerna av spalthöjderna och de två olika eccentricitetstyperna som finns i systemets smorda kontakter. Modellen består av de fysikaliska egenskaperna i systemet, formerade i ekvationer för läckaget i de relevanta smorda kontakterna, men inga relationella egenskaper för dynamiken och effekterna mellan de olika smorda kontakterna. Den utvecklade modellen är på grund av den generella karaktären av modellen tillsammans med kvaliteten på den data som finns tillgänglig inte möjlig att modellera läckaget i systemet med tillräcklig noggrannhet. Modellen är trots detta kapabel att fånga de generella trender som återfinns i den uppmätta datan på läckaget för de applicerade dataseten.

As Kungsängens wastewater treatment plant is considering a move, it opens up a possibility to implement nitrogen recovery technologies that comply with current and future legislative requirements. Nitrogen recovery offers simultaneous treatment of wastewater and collection of concentrated ammonia products for fertiliser production. This can create a circular and sustainable solution by reduced energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen pollution. Despite the large amount of research that has been performed on this topic, practical use at wastewater treatment facilities in Sweden are still scarce. The aim of the degree project was to identify nitrogen recovery technologies and investigate their potential impact at a new Kungsängens wastewater treatment plant. A literature review provided different nitrogen technologies and concept scoring was used to rank and score them. Gas permeable membrane and ammonia stripping ranked the highest and both have the potential to be implemented at Kungsängens current or possible new site. Simulations were used to identify the change in energy consumption and change in effluent water quality related to the implementation of a nitrogen recovery technology. Calculations were performed to reach thequantities of nitrogen that could be recovered, and it was found that the nitrogen recovery potential was 0,2343 ton/d using gas permeable membrane, and 0,2750 ton/d using ammonia stripping. By replacing artificial fertilisers with recovered nitrogen, 7,95 kWh/kg N could be saved using gas permeable membrane and 2,76 kWh/kg N could be saved using ammonia stripping. The degree project also provides insight into European and Swedish lawconformity and predictability. Finally, a discussion of environmental impacts, potential for nitrogen recovery, nitrogen policies, and energy savings was conducted. It was concluded that nitrogen recovery can create benefits due to avoided nitrous oxide emissions, avoided production of precipitation chemicals and decreased energy consumption for aeration. Compared to artificial fertiliser produced using the Haber-Bosch method, it was determined that a significant reduction of carbon dioxide emissions could be reached.

At the end of the fifteenth century, Hieronymus Bosch provided the foremost expression of the strict religious piety embodied by the Devotio Moderna and the impending embrace of secular humanism. As a result, Bosch's seemingly complex images provided viewers with positive messages concerning the journey of life through the use of binary symbolism. He utilized the pilgrimage motif as a guide throughout his paintings and in relation to the liminal spaces surrounding his works. This article will examine his important triptych, The Haywain, (c.1495-1516) as an example of spiritual paths taken simultaneously by both religious and contemporary figures, along with the viewers themselves. The underlying theme of Christ's Ascension in The Haywain plays out in an interwoven assortment of journeys, identified by characteristic northern and medieval Christian iconography. Christ's final journey acts as the ultimate goal and the paradigm for both the pilgrim within the triptych and the viewer. Evidence of processional celebrations mimicking pilgrimages reveals that the motifs in Bosch's works were located throughout his visual culture. Finally, an investigation of Bosch's 1505 triptych The Temptation of St. Anthony reveals that Bosch remains consistent in his use of the pilgrimage theme. Bosch worked within the context of the visual and textual culture of the Netherlandish city of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, and despite his creative style, was understood among his contemporaries as a messenger of positive piety.

L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de développer des outils de diagnostics non-invasifs et de caractériser in-situ les dérives de procédé dans un réacteur industriel utilisé en production pour la gravure profonde du silicium par le procédé Bosch. Ce dernier repose sur l’alternance d’un plasma de SF6 pour la gravure isotrope du Si et d’un plasma de C4F8 pour la passivation des parois dans l’optique d’obtenir des tranchées profondes et étroites. Dans un premier temps, nous avons installé une sonde courant-tension sur la ligne de transmission du signal rf au porte-substrat pour l’étude de son impédance caractéristique et un spectromètre optique pour l’étude de l’émission optique du plasma. Nos travaux ont montré que l’évolution temporelle de l’impédance constitue un excellent moyen pour identifier des changements dans la dynamique du procédé, notamment une gravure complète de la photorésine. De plus, à partir des spectres d’émission, nous avons pu montrer que des produits carbonés sont libérés du substrat et des parois lors de l’alternance passivation/gravure et que ceux-ci modifient considérablement la concentration de fluor atomique dans le plasma. Dans un second temps, nous avons développé un réacteur à « substrat-tournant » pour l’analyse in-situ des interactions plasma-parois dans le procédé Bosch. Nos travaux sur ce réacteur visaient à caractériser par spectrométrie de masse l’évolution temporelle des populations de neutres réactifs et d’ions positifs. Dans les conditions opératoires étudiées, le SF6 se dissocie à près de 45% alors que le degré de dissociation du C4F8 atteint 70%. Le SF6 est avant tout dissocié en F et SF3 et l’ion dominant est le SF3+ alors que le C4F8 est fragmenté en CF, CF3 et CF4 et nous mesurons plusieurs ions significatifs. Dans les deux cas, la chaîne de dissociation demeure loin d’être complète. Nous avons noté une désorption importante des parois de CF4 lors du passage du cycle de passivation au cycle de gravure. Un modèle d’interactions plasmas-parois est proposé pour expliquer cette observation. / The purpose of this master thesis is to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools for in-situ characterization of process drifts in an industrial reactor used in production for deep silicon etching by the Bosch process. This process alternates between a SF6 plasma for isotropic Si etching and a C4F8 plasma for sidewall passivation to achieve deep and narrow trenches. In this context, a current-voltage probe was installed on the rf transmission line to the substrate holder for impedance studies and an optical spectrometer for plasma optical emission spectroscopy. We have shown that the time evolution of the impedance represents an excellent tool for monitoring changes in the process dynamics, including the complete removal of the photoresist due to process drifts. In addition, based on emission spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that carbon products are released from the substrate and reactor walls during etching. A « spinning-wall » reactor was also developed for in-situ analysis of plasma-wall interactions. The main objective of our work on this reactor was to characterize the time evolution of the population of reactive neutrals and positive ions by plasma sampling mass spectrometry. Over the range of experimental conditions investigated, the percent dissociation of SF6 was 45%, while the one of C4F8 was 70%. SF6 was mostly dissociated in F and SF3, with SF3+ as the dominant ion. C4F8 is essentially fragmented in CF, CF3 and CF4 with many significant ions. In both cases, the dissociation chain remained incomplete. An important desorption of CF4 from the reactor walls was observed when going from passivation to etching cycles. A plasma-wall interaction model was proposed to explain such observation.

Text in German and English, summaries in German and English / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-154) / Diese theologisch-empirische Studie befasst sich mit einem ganzheitlichen Verständnis von Mission im pfingstlich-charismatischen Kontext und besteht aus zwei Untersuchungen. In der ersten wird Literatur zum Paradigma ganzheitlicher Mission und zur Pfingstbewegung missionstheologisch erforscht. Die zweite Untersuchung baut auf der Literaturanalyse auf und bezieht sich exemplarisch auf eine pfingstliche Freikirche aus der Schweiz namens BewegungPlus. Mithilfe von offiziellen Dokumenten der Bewegung und ihres internationalen Zweigs, wie auch in Interviewaussagen leitender Personen von Lokal kirchen der Bewegung, wurde das Missionsverständnis untersucht. Die Auswertung der Interviews orientierte sich methodisch an der Grounded Theory. Aus den Resultaten beider Untersuchungen wurden thesenartige Schlussfolgerungen gezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der missionstheologische Paradigmenwechsel im pfingstlich- charismatischen Kontext rezipiert wird. Die Integration pfingstlicher und ganzheitlicher Mission ist am Beispiel der BewegungPlus zu beobachten, vor allem, wenn Mission und Eschatologie in einer Reich-Gottes-Theologie verbunden sind. Der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgte Beitrag aus pfingstlich-charismatischer Perspektive kann die aktuelle Missions diskussion erweitern. / This empirical theological study dealing with a holistic understanding of mission in an pentecostal context contains two studies. The first investigates literature focused on the paradigm of holistic mission and the Pentecostal Mission. The second study based on this literature analysis refers to an example of a pentecostal Church in Switzerland named „BewegungPlus“. The understanding of mission was investigated by examining official documents of the movement and by taking interviews with leading members of local churches. The evaluation of the interviews was methodologically based on the Grounded Theory. From the results of both studies theses-like conclusions were drawn. The results show that the mission theological paradigm shift is received in the pentecostal-charismatic context. In „BewegungPlus“ you can see the integration of both pentecostal and holistic mission especially when mission and eschatology are connected to a Kingdom of God theology. The pentecostal-charismatic perspective seen in this theses may contribute to the contemporary missional discussion. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

The objective of this research study is the examination of the ideas about youth work found within the leadership team for the youth work of the Evangelical St. Reinoldi Chapel, Rupelrath. It investigates the way in which the team leaders' subjective understanding of youth work is affected by theological tensions, following David Bosch's approach “Mission in Creative Tension”. Following the Empirical-Theological Praxis Cycle, a qualitative analysis is carried out within the context of the youth leadership team of the Evangelical youth work. Data collection is undertaken in the form of a group workshop, data analysis in accordance with Grounded Theory. The results are utilised in order to develop a Dialogical Model for Transformative Youth Work as well as guiding principles for youth work with a missiological foundation. This study also aims to contribute to the development of a missiological rationale for youth work. / Philosophy & Systematic Theology

Assessment of the past helps one seize emerging opportunities. The Southern Baptist Convention's (SBC) Foreign Mission Board (FMB) radically redesigned itself July 1, 1997, the most far reaching self-assessment since its 1845 founding. The FMB's changes neglected some essential historical precedents. In 1892, a band of FMB missionaries posted with the North China Mission resigned and established their own operation. They held and integrated three core values: indigeneity, incarnation, and responsible autonomy. Baptist historians have dismissed these dissidents because they considered them Landmarkers (an earlier movement that threatened the SBC itself). Later historical inquiry corrected this assumption demonstrating that Landmarkers seized the Gospel Mission Movement to serve its own ends not the reverse. What prorrpted these missionaries to leave their base of support and operate independently? Original sources tell the tale of strong convictions about missions that were more commonly apparent later, in a post-modern era. Gospel Missionism's peers did not listen, partly because of the Landmarkist confusion and partly because they advocated things others were not prepared to hear. The Gospel Missioners found it difficult to sustain their experiment outside the SBC. Hence, survivors gradually reentered the FMB structure, primarily the Interior China Mission. Their influence extended to the next generation of missionaries. Yet, indirectly their values entered the FMB's strategies through outside evangelicals which increasingly espoused similar core values. By 1985, the Board tackled the challenge of the least evangelized peoples. Trustees formed Cooperative Services International (CSI) to accommodate the need. Unwittingly, from within the FMB, CSI embodied Gospel Missionism's core values with more modern emphases. In 1997, trustees restructured the FMB and dismantled CSI. They borrowed its drive and its penchant for streamlined administration, but jettisoned its priority passion for those least evangelized. Only time will tell, but there is evidence that the FMB has reverted and embraced elements of an older paradigm, possibly because it was unprepared to face a postmodern future. This study concludes that the Gospel Missionism movement was a blending of both enlightenment and post-modern missiological ideals. It was an incipient, evangelical version of a post-modern missiological paradigm. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

South African studio pottery of the later twentieth century has consistently been described as ‘Anglo-Oriental’, because it was perceived to adhere to the standard forms of utilitarian wares in plain or subdued colours and decorations, as promoted by the Anglo-Oriental tradition of studio pottery. This dissertation investigates the validity of such an epithet, based on evidence that the pioneer South African studio potters and their successors were exposed to broader pottery influences, and that the oeuvres which they developed reflect what they borrowed, adapted and re-interpreted from such influences. The studio pottery careers and influences of the pioneers Esias Bosch, Hyme Rabinowitz and Bryan Haden are discussed, and the oeuvres of the second generation of studio potters are also investigated. Attention is given to both the ethics and aesthetics of their studio pottery practices. The dissertation further explores whether the era’s studio potters contributed towards the creation of a distinctive South African pottery identity. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History)

Assessment of the past helps one seize emerging opportunities. The Southern Baptist Convention's (SBC) Foreign Mission Board (FMB) radically redesigned itself July 1, 1997, the most far reaching self-assessment since its 1845 founding. The FMB's changes neglected some essential historical precedents. In 1892, a band of FMB missionaries posted with the North China Mission resigned and established their own operation. They held and integrated three core values: indigeneity, incarnation, and responsible autonomy. Baptist historians have dismissed these dissidents because they considered them Landmarkers (an earlier movement that threatened the SBC itself). Later historical inquiry corrected this assumption demonstrating that Landmarkers seized the Gospel Mission Movement to serve its own ends not the reverse. What prorrpted these missionaries to leave their base of support and operate independently? Original sources tell the tale of strong convictions about missions that were more commonly apparent later, in a post-modern era. Gospel Missionism's peers did not listen, partly because of the Landmarkist confusion and partly because they advocated things others were not prepared to hear. The Gospel Missioners found it difficult to sustain their experiment outside the SBC. Hence, survivors gradually reentered the FMB structure, primarily the Interior China Mission. Their influence extended to the next generation of missionaries. Yet, indirectly their values entered the FMB's strategies through outside evangelicals which increasingly espoused similar core values. By 1985, the Board tackled the challenge of the least evangelized peoples. Trustees formed Cooperative Services International (CSI) to accommodate the need. Unwittingly, from within the FMB, CSI embodied Gospel Missionism's core values with more modern emphases. In 1997, trustees restructured the FMB and dismantled CSI. They borrowed its drive and its penchant for streamlined administration, but jettisoned its priority passion for those least evangelized. Only time will tell, but there is evidence that the FMB has reverted and embraced elements of an older paradigm, possibly because it was unprepared to face a postmodern future. This study concludes that the Gospel Missionism movement was a blending of both enlightenment and post-modern missiological ideals. It was an incipient, evangelical version of a post-modern missiological paradigm. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

This dissertation deals with a development of a laser welded common rail with a radially attached RPS sensor of pressure. The new concept required by Bosch Diesel s.r.o. Jihlava should be more modifiable and it should be easily integrated with the engine compartment. In this dissertation I suggested a number of concepts that I further analysed, verified in appropriate software, developed, and finally narrowed the selection down to the most suitable solution, which is recommended and justified in the conclusion.