Companies structure their work to be done using business processes. A widely used modeling language is BPMN which provides a standardized graphical notation and execution semantics. But studies show that many business processes contain logical errors. The detection of these errors priorly to the execution can save money and effort. A wide range of structural analysis methods for business processes exist that transform business processes into Petri nets or workflow graphs. But the analyses are either very slow or lack in the detection of all errors and their details. At the Friedrich Schiller University, a new workflow graph based approach is under development that promises a fast analysis, the detection of all errors and specific details to these errors. The aim of this thesis was to realise a framework that combines the modelling and analysis of business processes in BPMN. The framework should transform business processes into workflow graphs and analyse them dynamically while they are modelled. Analyses are supposed to be easily introducable. Another aspect was the enrichment of the BPMN diagram with process data that can be included into analyses too. The designed framework provides a simple interface to add new analyses or transformations. Analyses can share data independent of workflow graphs, define execution conditions and therefore define dependencies to other analyses. The transformation transforms BPMN diagrams always into analysable workflow graphs through several correction patterns that follow the BPMN semantics.

Darbe yra nagrinėjami du paplitę darbo sekų modeliai – BPMN ir Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), bei tiriama, kaip BPMN darbo sekas transformuoti į WF vykdymo modelį. BPMN ir WF yra iš esmės skirtingos kalbos ir pagrindinė transformavimo problema yra susijusi su nestruktūrizuotų ciklų eliminavimu, t.y. jų konvertavimu į proceso atžvilgiu ekvivalenčias struktūrizuotas konstrukcijas. Darbe pasirinktas žinomas algoritmas, skirtas panašioms ciklinėms konstrukcijoms transformuoti naudojant tęstinumo semantiką. Jis buvo adaptuotas BPMN modeliui. Algoritme naudojama tęstinumo semantika buvo praplėsta atsižvelgiant į BPMN ir WF modeliuose esančias konstrukcijas bei patobulinto algoritmo ypatumus. Buvo sukurti nauji algoritmai, skirti nagrinėjamai transformacijai atlikti. Transformavimo algoritmui patikrinti buvo sukurta programa, leidžianti tęstinumo semantika užrašytą BPMN darbo seką transformuoti į pavidalą, nesunkiai konvertuojamą į WF. Atliktos eksperimentinės darbo sekų transformacijos parodė, kad sukurtas algoritmas yra veiksmingas. / This paper analyzes the two most widely used workflow models – BPMN and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF). It also analyzes how a BPMN workflow can be transformed into a WF execution model. BPMN and WF represent two fundamentally different classes of languages and the basic problem is related to convertion of unstructured cycles to their structured equivalents. A known algorithm used for similar cyclic constructions transformations using continuation semantics was chosen. This algorithm was adopted for the BPMN model. The continuation semantics were extended in regards to BPMN and WF model constructions and the specifics of the improved algorithm. Finally, in order to solve the transformation, three new algorithms were created: algorithm for BPMN workflow specification with extended continuation semantics; algorithm for transforming the specification to structured model; algorithm for converting structured model specification to WF model. A specialized program, which transforms extended continuation semantics to a structured model, was written to test the transformation algorithm. Testing this program with exemplary transformations proved that the transformation algorithm was working correctly.

With service interaction modelling, it is customary to distinguish between two types of models: choreographies and orchestrations. A choreography describes interactions within a collection of services from a global perspective, where no service plays a privileged role. Instead, services interact in a peer-to-peer manner. In contrast, an orchestration describes the interactions between one particular service, the orchestrator, and a number of partner services. The main proposition of this work is an approach to bridge these two modelling viewpoints by synthesising orchestrators from choreographies. To start with, choreographies are defined using a simple behaviour description language based on communicating finite state machines. From such a model, orchestrators are initially synthesised in the form of state machines. It turns out that state machines are not suitable for orchestration modelling, because orchestrators generally need to engage in concurrent interactions. To address this issue, a technique is proposed to transform state machines into process models in the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN). Orchestrations represented in BPMN can then be augmented with additional business logic to achieve value-adding mediation. In addition, techniques exist for refining BPMN models into executable process definitions. The transformation from state machines to BPMN relies on Petri nets as an intermediary representation and leverages techniques from theory of regions to identify concurrency in the initial Petri net. Once concurrency has been identified, the resulting Petri net is transformed into a BPMN model. The original contributions of this work are: an algorithm to synthesise orchestrators from choreographies and a rules-based transformation from Petri nets into BPMN.

Process-oriented organisations need to manage the different types of responsibilities their employees may have w.r.t. the activities involved in their business processes. Despite several approaches provide support for responsibility modelling, in current Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) the only responsibility considered at runtime is the one related to performing the work required for activity completion. Others like accountability or consultation must be implemented by manually adding activities in the executable process model, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we address this limitation by enabling current BPMS to execute processes in which people with different responsibilities interact to complete the activities. We introduce a metamodel based on Responsibility Assignment Matrices (RAM) to model the responsibility assignment for each activity, and a flexible template-based mechanism that automatically transforms such information into BPMN elements, which can be interpreted and executed by a BPMS. Thus, our approach does not enforce any specific behaviour for the different responsibilities but new templates can be modelled to specify the interaction that best suits the activity requirements. Furthermore, libraries of templates can be created and reused in different processes. We provide a reference implementation and build a library of templates for a well-known set of responsibilities.

This thesis deals with the development of quotation system for Mikroelektronika company in the electronic manufactoring services business area. The first part analyzes the current state of the quotation system using the BPMN 2.0 standard. Requirements for system development are formulated based on identified shortcomings. The second part describes the proposed solution using use case diagrams, process diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams. The implementation of the proposed changes via Nette Framework tool is described in the third section. Developed solution provides all the necessary tools for a complete offer creation.

This thesis deals with analysis of real processes in company Morfico s.r.o., which does business in the market of construction materials. The processes are modeled using UML 2.0 and BPMN 2.0 notation using CASE tool Enterprise Architect. Thereafter is per-formed their analysis and evaluation of their effectiveness. Based on the analysis of in-novation processes are executed and one of the innovations is implemented as a web application using PHP and MySQL technologies.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of Key Account Managers based on business process models. These models are developed for each situation depends on the selection process and forms the basis for the next part. After mapping and modelling of processes are designed quantitative metrics for assessing the Key Account Managers. Subsequent valuation matrices are detected scales for evaluation by individual business processes. The first part describes the findings from the field of systems theory, systems science and process modelling. They are also characterized by basic notation for creating business models. Defined they are also the basic methods of employee evaluation and multi criteria options analysis. The second part contains a presentation of the company, roles, responsibilities and workload of Key Account Managers and principles for the functioning of the public team. With these findings are further modelled and described various processes on the basis of which it is possible to set quantifiable metrics. Subsequently, the system is designed for evaluation by individual traders processes based on the importance of the individual criteria.

O gerenciamento de processos de negócio (BPM) objetiva a melhor documentação e padronização dos processos de negócio, além do aumento da eficiência e qualidade na execução dos processos. Um processo de negócio pode ser representado graficamente, através da Notação e Modelo de Processo de Negócio – BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), a qual é um padrão da OMG (Object Management Group) para modelagem de processos. A BPMN provê um extenso conjunto de elementos de modelagem, tais como atividades, eventos e desvios, que possibilitam a representação de uma grande variedade de processos de negócio. É uma notação com alto poder de expressão que permite capturar a relação lógica e temporal entre atividades, objeto de dados e recursos. Contudo, considerando a especificação da BPMN, existem limitações entre a definição dos elementos notacionais e sua respectiva codificação (no formato XML). Por exemplo, não está expresso no XML do elemento fluxo de mensagem alguma definição que permita conectar apenas elementos posicionados em piscinas distintas, tal como descrito na definição conceitual da notação O principal enfoque deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma lógica que permita expressar a definição textual para cada elemento notacional. Tal lógica foi chamada neste trabalho de meta-algoritmo. Para verificar a expressividade dos metaalgoritmos propostos, foi utilizado técnicas de Teste de Software, baseado em tabelas de decisão e grafos de fluxo de controle. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação perante os usuários. Como resultado, destaca-se que os meta-algoritmos tiveram aceitação de 73,33% dos participantes do questionário. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é prover uma lógica mais aderente às definições textuais dos elementos notacionais, além de evidenciar que os usuários podem ter um maior entendimento, conforme verificado no questionário aplicado. / Business process management (BPM) enables the documentation and standardization of business processes, increasing efficiency and quality in their execution. A business process can be represented graphically by Business Process Model and Notation – BPMN, which is an OMG (Object Management Group) standard for process modeling. BPMN provides an extensive set of modeling elements, such as activities, events and gateways, which enables the representation of a wide variety of business processes. It presents high expression power that captures both temporal and logical relations between activities, data object and resources. However, considering the BPMN specification, there exists a lack of conformity between the conceptual BPMN elements definition and their respective codification (in XML format). For example, it is not expressed in the XML Message Flow element any definition to connect only elements from different pools, as described in the conceptual element definition The main goal of this work is to develop a logic that enables to express the rules described in the conceptual element definition, for each notational element. In this work, meta-algorithm is the term used to refer to this logic. Techniques of Software Testing, such as decision tables and graph coverage were used to check expressiveness of the proposed meta-algorithms. In order to verify the acceptance of users, a survey was applied, to verify the acceptance with users. As result, meta-algorithms had accepted by 73.33% participants. As main contribution this work provides a more adherent logic, compared to conceptual element definition, as well an evidence that users can have an increasing of understanding, like verified in the survey.

A gestão por processos de negócio aumenta a qualidade de produtos e serviços e diminui o custo operacional nas organizações. Para realizar gestão por processos é necessário mapear estes processos em modelos de processo de negócio que precisam ter qualidade sintática, semântica e pragmática. A qualidade pragmática, em particular, garante que um modelo é compreensível. Os modelos são criados por analistas de processo, os quais reúnem informações que estão distribuídas pela organização e, a partir do conhecimento dos stakeholders do processo. Esta é uma tarefa complexa, que nem sempre resulta em modelos de processo com boa qualidade pragmática. Processos com baixa qualidade pragmática podem ser de difícil entendimento pelos stakeholders do processo. Para certificar a qualidade pragmática é necessário testar o entendimento do processo com novos usuários. Na maioria das vezes é difícil obter novos usuários para realizar testes. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem que tem como base uma ontologia para representar modelos de processo e boas práticas de modelagem para auxiliar na identificação de modelos com baixa qualidade pragmática. A abordagem desenvolvida inclui o desenvolvimento de um plug-in para o editor de ontologia Protégé, que a partir de indicadores propostos na literatura automatiza a identificação de problemas na qualidade pragmática da modelagem de processos de negócio. Esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada no contexto acadêmico em cursos de modelagem de processos de negócio, auxiliando alunos no entendimento de boas práticas de modelagem, e no contexto empresarial, para revisar grandes repositórios de processos e selecionar os modelos que possam ter problemas na qualidade pragmática. / Business Process Management (BPM) increases the products and services quality and decreases operational costs in organizations. BPM requires the mapping of such process models that must present synthetic quality, semantic quality and pragmatic quality. Pragmatic quality, in particular, ensures understandability of the model. Models are designed by process analysts, gathering information spread at the organization and the knowledge of stakeholders. The design task is complex and some times does not result in process models with high pragmatic quality. Process model with low pragmatic quality may be difficult to understand by process stakeholders. Pragmatics quality certication tests the understanding of the process with new users. Most of the time it is hard to get new users to run tests. This work proposes an approach based on an ontology to represent process models and modeling practices to identify models with low pragmatic quality. The proposed approach is based on the development of a plug-in for Protégé ontology editor, and uses metrics from the literature to identify pragmatic quality problems in process models. This tool can be aplied in academic context so that students can better understant best practices in business process modeling, and also at business context, to review large process repositories selecting models which may have pragmatic quality problems.

A gestão por processos de negócio aumenta a qualidade de produtos e serviços e diminui o custo operacional nas organizações. Para realizar gestão por processos é necessário mapear estes processos em modelos de processo de negócio que precisam ter qualidade sintática, semântica e pragmática. A qualidade pragmática, em particular, garante que um modelo é compreensível. Os modelos são criados por analistas de processo, os quais reúnem informações que estão distribuídas pela organização e, a partir do conhecimento dos stakeholders do processo. Esta é uma tarefa complexa, que nem sempre resulta em modelos de processo com boa qualidade pragmática. Processos com baixa qualidade pragmática podem ser de difícil entendimento pelos stakeholders do processo. Para certificar a qualidade pragmática é necessário testar o entendimento do processo com novos usuários. Na maioria das vezes é difícil obter novos usuários para realizar testes. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem que tem como base uma ontologia para representar modelos de processo e boas práticas de modelagem para auxiliar na identificação de modelos com baixa qualidade pragmática. A abordagem desenvolvida inclui o desenvolvimento de um plug-in para o editor de ontologia Protégé, que a partir de indicadores propostos na literatura automatiza a identificação de problemas na qualidade pragmática da modelagem de processos de negócio. Esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada no contexto acadêmico em cursos de modelagem de processos de negócio, auxiliando alunos no entendimento de boas práticas de modelagem, e no contexto empresarial, para revisar grandes repositórios de processos e selecionar os modelos que possam ter problemas na qualidade pragmática. / Business Process Management (BPM) increases the products and services quality and decreases operational costs in organizations. BPM requires the mapping of such process models that must present synthetic quality, semantic quality and pragmatic quality. Pragmatic quality, in particular, ensures understandability of the model. Models are designed by process analysts, gathering information spread at the organization and the knowledge of stakeholders. The design task is complex and some times does not result in process models with high pragmatic quality. Process model with low pragmatic quality may be difficult to understand by process stakeholders. Pragmatics quality certication tests the understanding of the process with new users. Most of the time it is hard to get new users to run tests. This work proposes an approach based on an ontology to represent process models and modeling practices to identify models with low pragmatic quality. The proposed approach is based on the development of a plug-in for Protégé ontology editor, and uses metrics from the literature to identify pragmatic quality problems in process models. This tool can be aplied in academic context so that students can better understant best practices in business process modeling, and also at business context, to review large process repositories selecting models which may have pragmatic quality problems.