Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Tadeu da Silva. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2017. / O presente trabalho visa analisar o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia, entre os séculos XVI e XVII, que parece promover um maior rigor científico. Tal metodologia expressa uma nova relação entre saber e técnica, pressupondo uma imagem de natureza que possa ser usada de modo a favorecer o correto entendimento de mundo. Valores cognitivos são debatidos para que a interpretação da natureza ocorresse da melhor forma possível. Na astronomia, foco do trabalho, essa estratégia se concretizou com o uso da luneta, por Galileu, bem como com os critérios por ele adotados, que se expressavam no desejo pela autonomia da ciência. Não obstante, espero demonstrar que essa metodologia começou com Tycho Brahe, importante astrônomo da era pré-telescópio que desenvolveu grandes instrumentos para o estudo dos céus de modo a obter os números mais exatos de sua época; igualmente, a adequação empírica parece ser um importante valor a ser manifestado por concepções científicas, segundo o pensamento do autor. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo de caso dará enfoque a este novo método que parece nascer com Brahe e se consolidar com Galileu. / This work aims to analyze the development of a new methodology, between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, that seems to have promoted a greater scientific rigor. This methodology expresses a new relation between knowledge and technique, assuming a picture of Nature that could be used to enable the correct understanding of the World. Cognitive values were discussed so the interpretation of Nature could happen in the most desirable approach. In astronomy, focus of this work, this strategy was consolidated amidst the use of the telescope, as Galileo, in conjunction with the criteria adopted by him which expressed his desire for an autonomy of science. Nevertheless, I aim to demonstrate that this methodology began with Tycho Brahe, an important astronomer from the pre-telescope age, who developed great instruments for the pondering of the heavens as to get the most accurate numbers during his time; likewise, the empirical adequacy seems to be an important value to be manifested for scientific conceptions, according to the author. In this sense, the work focuses on this new method that seems to have begun with Brahe and have consolidated with Galileo.

A primeira parte deste estudo tem como objetivo apresentar Tycho Brahe como Indivíduo , isto é, o astrônomo e sua vida. A segunda parte tem como objetivo desenvolver o existencialismo-primeiro, formulado por Kierkegaard, como se seu conteúdo pudesse vir a ser uma ferramenta subjetiva. A seguir, na terceira parte, os conceitos do existencialismo-primeiro, raízes da psicologia moderna, serão aplicados a Tycho Brahe, astrônomo e sua vida. Também será apresentada parte da psicologia pós-moderna, ainda em formação, para que estas psicologias, juntas, possam indicar que a escolha de Tycho, pelo chamado modêlo Tychônico do Universo, não resultou de sua capitulação frente a possibilidade do novo, mas sim uma escolha do Cavaleiro da Fé. / The first part of this study it has as objective present Tycho Brahe like Individual , that is, the astronomer and his life. The second part it has as objective develop the existentialism-first, formulated by Kierkegaard, as if his content could become a subjective tool. To follow, in the third part, the concepts of the existentialism-first, roots of the modern psychology, will be applied to Tycho Brahe, astronomer and his life. It also will be presented part of the post-modern psychology, still in formation, so that these psychologies, together, can indicate that Tycho\'s choice, by the called Tychônic System of the Universe, did not result from his front capitulation the possibility of the new, but yes a horseman\'s choice of the Faith.

A primeira parte deste estudo tem como objetivo apresentar Tycho Brahe como Indivíduo , isto é, o astrônomo e sua vida. A segunda parte tem como objetivo desenvolver o existencialismo-primeiro, formulado por Kierkegaard, como se seu conteúdo pudesse vir a ser uma ferramenta subjetiva. A seguir, na terceira parte, os conceitos do existencialismo-primeiro, raízes da psicologia moderna, serão aplicados a Tycho Brahe, astrônomo e sua vida. Também será apresentada parte da psicologia pós-moderna, ainda em formação, para que estas psicologias, juntas, possam indicar que a escolha de Tycho, pelo chamado modêlo Tychônico do Universo, não resultou de sua capitulação frente a possibilidade do novo, mas sim uma escolha do Cavaleiro da Fé. / The first part of this study it has as objective present Tycho Brahe like Individual , that is, the astronomer and his life. The second part it has as objective develop the existentialism-first, formulated by Kierkegaard, as if his content could become a subjective tool. To follow, in the third part, the concepts of the existentialism-first, roots of the modern psychology, will be applied to Tycho Brahe, astronomer and his life. It also will be presented part of the post-modern psychology, still in formation, so that these psychologies, together, can indicate that Tycho\'s choice, by the called Tychônic System of the Universe, did not result from his front capitulation the possibility of the new, but yes a horseman\'s choice of the Faith.

The aim of this thesis is to examine Sven Almqvist’s research on the 17th century book printer Johann Kankel who was employed by count Per Brahe the younger on the island of Visingsö. A model to describe the communications circuit, constructed by book historians Thomas R. Adams and Nicolas Barker are used as well as the historical source criticism method. This model consists of the five phases: publication, manufacture, distribution, reception and survival. All of these phases are influenced by external forces such as commercial pressures or social behaviour and taste. It is not only Almqvist’s study that is being examined. This thesis discusses also the primary sources and publications preceding of Almqvist’s study. Since Almqvist’s publication of 1965 is the latest contribution to information about Johann Kankel it is an important task to evaluate his study and to shed light upon possible new fields of research about the printing office of Visingsö. Furthermore the conditions of 17th century Sweden are briefly described, such as the four estates, gothicismus, censorship and publishing. Almqvist used mainly primary sources when describing life and work of book printer Kankel. The result of his study hasn’t therefore been greatly influenced by previous publications. In a few isolated cases the lack of primary sources permits free scope for speculation. Distribution, reception and survival as described by Adams & Barker are the most neglected phases in Almqvist’s study. These overlooked areas are therefore possible new research topics. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this thesis is to explore work as an idea and a practice for the construction and maintenance of differences and power relations, and to examine what the consequences were for the individual and society in early modern Sweden. The period saw an expansion of the state apparatus which created numerous new opportunities for employment. There also exists a body of literature from this period, in the form of instructions relating to work and households. The thesis draws both on these instructions and descriptions and on sources produced by the crown. The thesis shows that gender was a crucial factor for the organisation of work. Operating The service of the crown was characterised by two principal organisational forms: the household, and a precursor of a bureaucratic system. The household had its basis in the couple, and had a clear gendered division of power, the couple together constituted the management of the household, at the same time there was an element of male superordination. The other form was exclusively male and based on delegation of power within the organisation and on an attempt to formalise relations by written instructions. The majority of the jobs created were held by men. In crafts and administration, men took over a number of female areas of competence. In this process was occupational positions created for these men. Women’s opportunities to work were heavily affected by an idea of a female area of expertise, ‘womenfolk’s work’ which never become specialiced, but the investigation also shows that work created in the crowns households in positions of leadership created livelihoods for married adult women. Among employees that were young and unmarried the similarities between the genders were often more striking than the differences. Greater differences emerge from a comparison of the entire workforce of the crown, which shows women’s annual wages to be 75 per cent of those of men. Overall women had few opportunities to make careers and get well paid employments.

I det här examensarbetet i arkitektur analyseras en ny typ av bostäder i Stockholmsområdet: konceptboendet. Bostadstypen är skapad för en ”urban nomad”. Det är ett ord som används i marknadsföring och kan tolkas som en person som antingen reser mycket i sin yrkesverksamhet eller någon som behöver en tillfällig bostad på grund av studier eller i väntan på en lämpligare bostad. Stockholm har i dag, 2018, en stor bostadsbrist vilket skapar ett tryck på politiker att ta fram lösningar. Synen på bostaden har skiftat från att ha varit en rättighet till en lyxprodukt. Fastighetsutvecklare som Oscar Properties och Axxonen utvecklar och marknadsför premiumbostäder där hotellet är förebild och olik typer service ingår i bostadskonceptet. Det finns förändrade attityder när det gäller höga bostadshus och skyskrapor i Stockholm som ofta har lägenheter som kallas konceptboenden eller premiumbostäder. Det är viktigt att lägga märke till detta skifte i inställning eftersom det förklarar varför bostäder ser ut som de gör och vadsom driver deras design och funktion. Norra tornen vid Torsplan är exempel på premiumbostäder i höghus med inspiration från New Yorks exklusiva skyskrapor. Ett annat exempel är Tellus Towers vid telefonplan som är fylld med enrummare för unga vuxna. Där finns dramatiska utsikter och serviceanläggningar som pool och spa som säljargument. Idén om flyttkedjor motiverar byggandet av lyxlägenheter och skyskrapor i attraktiva lägen eftersom rörligheten ska göra att alla till slut kommer att få en bostad. För en förmögen målgrupp innebär rörlighet ett internationellt, hotellrumsinspirerat boende: en så kallad ”premiumbostad”. Bostadsrättsföreningen Continental Apartments erbjuder till exempel full hotellrumsservice och är dessutom beläget i de övre våningarna av Hotel Scandic Continental. För bostadslösa låginkomsttagare innebär en rörlig lösning ett boende som de kan tolerera men som i längden är otillräckligt. En tillfällig lösning som skapats på initiativ av den ideella föreningen Snabba hus är flyttbara bostäder på tidsbegränsade bygglov, avsedda för unga bostadssökande. Mellan Continental Apartments och Snabba hus finns, lite oväntat, flera likheter i hur bostäderna är planerade. Men skillnaderna är stora i användning, pris och vilka möjligheter målgrupperna har att välja sin boendesituation. Genom att jämföra renderade bilder, fotografier, ritningar och reklamtexter skildras konceptboendenas olika strategier och målgrupper. I jämförelserna av olika typer av boenden framträder en bild av en marknadsanpassad bostadsproduktion där bostaden behandlas som en livsstilsprodukt och en konsumtionsvara. Kommersialiseringen av bostäder innebär problem för de som drabbats av bostadsbristen. Lösningarna som erbjuds bostadslösa, ofta unga låginkomsttagare, är få och villkorade. Idén om att bostadsmarknaden måste få en ökad rörlighet för att fungera drabbar i stor utsträckning de som har svårast att få tillgång till en bostad genom att inskränka deras rättigheter och boendestandard. Genom att marknadsföra bostadslösningar till unga som livsstilsprodukter överskuggas det verkliga problemen med en utbredd bostadsbrist och en försenad familjebildning. Undersökningens slutsats är att marknadsföringen av konceptboenden ger en ytlig bild av bostäder och deras egentliga värde. Premiumbostädernas kvaliteter, eller brist därpå, döljs genom att erbjuda hushållsnära tjänster och inredningsdetaljer. Den ytliga inställningen till bostäder som enbart statussymboler och konsumtionsvaror gör det svårare att hävda bostaden som rättighet och som en viktig funktion för att forma samhällen. En möjlig motpol till premiumbostäderna är Stockholmshusen, ett försök från allmännyttiga bolag att skapa hyreslägenheter med hög standard men mer överkomlig hyra. Att bygga ut det allmännyttiga beståndet kan även ha en balanserande effekt på marknaden och på sikt trotsa den kommersiella bostadstrenden. / In the marketing of certain types of newly-built urban homes there is an intended target group: the “urban nomad”. A luxury hotel style dominates these pictures of future dwellings and a new aesthetic has evolved in rendered images. These types of images have become so common in architectural magazines and housing ads that they often go unnoticed. Behind the pictures is an underlying idea of ​​a flexible housing market that can create positive outcomes for the whole community. This project examines how the idea of ​​mobility in the Stockholm housing market affects the design and marketing of architecture and the possible downsides to the commercialization of urban homes.

The following Thesis is a survey of seventeenth-century uranography, with specific focus on the use of the Pleiades and Charles's Wain by English poets and pageant writers as astrological ciphers for the Stuart dynasty (1603-1649; 1660-1688). I then use that survey to address the problem of irony in John Dryden's 1685 Pindaric elegy, "To the Pious Memory of Mrs. Anne Killigrew," since the longstanding notion of what the Pleiades signify in Dryden's ode is problematic from an astronomical and astrological perspective. In his elegiac ode, Dryden translates a young female artist to the Pleiades to actuate her apotheosis, not for the sake of mere fulsome hypberbole, but in such a way that Anne (b. 1660-d. 1685) signifies for the reign of Charles II (1660-1685) in her Pleiadic catasterism. The political underpinnings of Killigrew's apotheosis reduce the probability that Dryden's hyperbole reserves pejorative ironic potential.